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The notion of moral competence in the scientific literature: a critical review of a thin concept 科学文献中道德能力的概念:对一个单薄概念的批判性回顾
IF 2 3区 哲学
Ethics & Behavior Pub Date : 2022-07-19 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2067163
Dominic A. Martin, C. Mörch, Emmanuelle Figoli
{"title":"The notion of moral competence in the scientific literature: a critical review of a thin concept","authors":"Dominic A. Martin, C. Mörch, Emmanuelle Figoli","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2022.2067163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2022.2067163","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This critical review accomplished two main tasks: first, the article provides scope for identifying the most common conceptions of moral competence in the scientific literature, as well as the different ways to measure this type of competence. Having moral judgment is the most popular element of moral competence, but the literature introduces many other elements. The review also shows there is a plethora of ways to measure moral competence, either in standardized tests providing scores or other non-standardized tests. As a second task, the article reflects critically on the general use of the idea of moral competence. Results suggest that this idea functions as what philosopher Bernard Williams would have called a thin ethical concept. Thin concepts are not problematic in and of themselves if they are used as linguistic shorthand, however, there may be shortcomings in the literature on moral competence because the idea is not rooted in more substantive views or theories in a way that is both clear and coherent.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"33 1","pages":"461 - 489"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42037529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Moral recognition for workplace offenses underlies the punitive responses of managers: A functional theoretical approach to morality and punishment 对工作场所违法行为的道德认可是管理者惩罚性反应的基础:道德与惩罚的功能理论方法
IF 2 3区 哲学
Ethics & Behavior Pub Date : 2022-07-15 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2097081
Matthew L. Stanley, C. Neck, Christopher P. Neck
{"title":"Moral recognition for workplace offenses underlies the punitive responses of managers: A functional theoretical approach to morality and punishment","authors":"Matthew L. Stanley, C. Neck, Christopher P. Neck","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2022.2097081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2022.2097081","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There is considerable variability across people in their punitive responses to employee offenses in the workplace. We attempt to explain this variability by positing a novel antecedent of punishment: moral recognition. We find consistent evidence that identifying moral considerations and implications for workplace offenses predicts punitive responses toward employees who commit those offenses. Drawing on functional theoretical accounts of morality and punishment, we posit that people are motivated to punish others to the extent that they believe a moral offense has been committed, because much of what it means to commit a moral offense (as opposed to a non-moral offense) is to act in a way that prevents, or inhibits, cooperative behavior to achieve social goals. Punishment can discourage group members from committing those offenses in the future, thereby regulating behavior in a way that facilitates cooperation and social cohesion. We offer correlational and causal evidence that the link between moral recognition and punishment is explained, in part, by participants’ beliefs that committing these offenses prevents cooperative behavior to achieve organization-related goals.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"33 1","pages":"505 - 528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45268178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Beyond the bump: ethical and legal considerations for psychologists providing services to pregnant individuals who use substances 超越肿块：心理学家为使用药物的孕妇提供服务的伦理和法律考虑
IF 2 3区 哲学
Ethics & Behavior Pub Date : 2022-07-05 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2093202
Anna M. Maralit
{"title":"Beyond the bump: ethical and legal considerations for psychologists providing services to pregnant individuals who use substances","authors":"Anna M. Maralit","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2022.2093202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2022.2093202","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Psychologists providing services to pregnant individuals using substances face a number of complicated ethical dilemmas, however guidance in this area is sparse. This article presents the ethical and legal issues that may arise in working with this population within the framework of the American Psychological Association’s (APA) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (2017). The recommendations made are designed to assist psychologists with understanding factors that contribute to substance use during pregnancy, navigating punitive policies and liability risk, and methods to increase access to care for this vulnerable group.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"33 1","pages":"89 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43872447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The importance and efficacy of controlling for social desirability response bias 控制社会期望反应偏差的重要性和有效性
IF 2 3区 哲学
Ethics & Behavior Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2093201
Richard A. Bernardi, Jonathan Nash
{"title":"The importance and efficacy of controlling for social desirability response bias","authors":"Richard A. Bernardi, Jonathan Nash","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2022.2093201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2022.2093201","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The extant literature acknowledges social desirability response bias (SDRB) is a pervasive issue for research that uses survey data and proposes several approaches to mitigating the issue, including: self-administered questionnaires, indirect questioning, and direct measurement. The objective of this study is to provide empirical evidence related to the importance of controlling for SDRB and the efficacy of these approaches. Using a primary sample of 365 business majors, we find the most common methodologies used to control for SDRB, self-administered questionnaires and indirect questions, are insufficient. A direct measure of SDRB remains significant when these approaches are used, and the exclusion of this measure affects the significance of other variables. Less than 5% of accounting-and-ethics research using survey data includes a direct control for SDRB. Our study provides empirical evidence on a methodological issue addressed in few existing studies.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"33 1","pages":"413 - 429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45065679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Clinical adolescent decision-making: parental perspectives on confidentiality and consent in Belgium and The Netherlands 临床青少年决策:父母对保密和同意在比利时和荷兰的观点
IF 2 3区 哲学
Ethics & Behavior Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2086873
Jana Vanwymelbeke, D. De Coninck, K. Matthijs, K. Van Leeuwen, Steven Lierman, Ingrid Boone, Peter de Winter, J. Toelen
{"title":"Clinical adolescent decision-making: parental perspectives on confidentiality and consent in Belgium and The Netherlands","authors":"Jana Vanwymelbeke, D. De Coninck, K. Matthijs, K. Van Leeuwen, Steven Lierman, Ingrid Boone, Peter de Winter, J. Toelen","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2022.2086873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2022.2086873","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study investigated Belgian and Dutch parental opinions on confidentiality and consent regarding medical decisions about adolescents. Through an online survey, we presented six cases (three on confidentiality, and three on consent) to 1,382 Belgian and Dutch parents. We studied patterns in parental confidentiality and consent preferences across and between cases through binomial logistic regressions and latent class analysis. Participants often grant the right to consent for a treatment to the adolescent, but the majority diverges from the adolescent’s preferences regarding confidentiality. More educated participants would rather not be informed about cases regarding a sexually transmitted disease or depression than lower educated participants. Further analysis shows that participants’ preferences correspond to authoritative (47%), permissive (30%) and authoritarian (17%) parenting styles. Belgian and Dutch parents are willing to grant some degree of autonomy, but they want to be informed about specific health issues. Parental views on confidentiality and granting consent appear to mirror existing parenting styles.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"33 1","pages":"371 - 386"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46298236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
An exploratory analysis of generational differences in the World Values Surveys and their application to business leaders 世界价值观调查中代际差异的探索性分析及其在商业领袖中的应用
IF 2 3区 哲学
Ethics & Behavior Pub Date : 2022-06-13 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2086872
S. Thomason, M. Weeks, Bella L. Galperin
{"title":"An exploratory analysis of generational differences in the World Values Surveys and their application to business leaders","authors":"S. Thomason, M. Weeks, Bella L. Galperin","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2022.2086872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2022.2086872","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We asked whether and how generations vary in their perceptions on moral matters ranging from their justifications of crime and questions concerning bodily autonomy. In our exploratory study using data from the World Values Survey, we found that Generations Y and Z are more likely than their older counterparts to justify crimes, such as cheating on taxes or stealing property, and to favor greater bodily autonomy in issues such as suicide and abortion. They also rank lower the importance of God and national pride. Implications are offered for employers who wish to motivate and incentivize a multi-generational workforce.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"33 1","pages":"357 - 370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43414125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Nocebo effects on informed consent within medical and psychological settings: A scoping review Nocebo在医学和心理环境中对知情同意的影响：范围界定综述
IF 2 3区 哲学
Ethics & Behavior Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2081853
Nadine S. J. Stirling, Victoria M. E. Bridgland, Melanie K. T. Takarangi
{"title":"Nocebo effects on informed consent within medical and psychological settings: A scoping review","authors":"Nadine S. J. Stirling, Victoria M. E. Bridgland, Melanie K. T. Takarangi","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2022.2081853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2022.2081853","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Warning research participants and patients about potential risks associated with participation/treatment is a fundamental part of consent. However, such risk warnings might cause negative expectations and subsequent nocebo effects (i.e., negative expectations cause negative outcomes) in participants. Because no existing review documents how past research has quantitatively examined nocebo effects – and negative expectations – arising from consent risk warnings, we conducted a pre-registered scoping review (N = 9). We identified several methodological issues across these studies, which in addition to mixed findings, limit conclusions about whether risk warnings cause nocebo effects.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"33 1","pages":"387 - 412"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45749634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
“Research exceptionalism” in the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of scientific retractions in Scopus 新冠肺炎大流行中的“研究例外论”：对Scopus科学撤回的分析
IF 2 3区 哲学
Ethics & Behavior Pub Date : 2022-06-07 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2080067
P. Rubbo, Caroline Lievore, Celso Biynkievycz Dos Santos, C. T. Picinin, L. Pilatti, Bruno Pedroso
{"title":"“Research exceptionalism” in the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of scientific retractions in Scopus","authors":"P. Rubbo, Caroline Lievore, Celso Biynkievycz Dos Santos, C. T. Picinin, L. Pilatti, Bruno Pedroso","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2022.2080067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2022.2080067","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aimed to outline the profile of retractions of scientific articles on COVID-19 published in journals indexed in the Scopus database between 2020 and 2021. To analyze the data, we used a bibliometric technique, with the Bibliometrix package in the R-Studio software, and descriptive statistics. Twenty-nine retractions were analyzed, and we found that the most common reasons for retraction were related to ethical issues and that 68.97% of authors have previously retracted articles. We concluded that there appears to have been a change in the publication policies of journals, which resulted in an increase in scientific retractions related to COVID-19 during the study period.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"33 1","pages":"339 - 356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48620291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The ethics of self-tracking. A comprehensive review of the literature 自我跟踪的道德规范。文献综述
IF 2 3区 哲学
Ethics & Behavior Pub Date : 2022-06-06 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2082969
Michał Wieczorek, Fiachra O’Brolcháin, Y. Saghai, B. Gordijn
{"title":"The ethics of self-tracking. A comprehensive review of the literature","authors":"Michał Wieczorek, Fiachra O’Brolcháin, Y. Saghai, B. Gordijn","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2022.2082969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2022.2082969","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper presents a literature review on the ethics of self-tracking technologies which are utilized by users to monitor parameters related to their activity and bodily parameters. By examining a total of 65 works extracted through a systematic database search and backwards snowballing, the authors of this review discuss three categories of opportunities and ten categories of concerns currently associated with self-tracking. The former include empowerment and well-being, contribution to health goals, and solidarity. The latter are social harms, privacy and surveillance, ownership control and commodification of data, autonomy, data-facilitated harm, datafication and interpretability of data, negative impact on relation to self and others, shortcomings of design, negative impact on health perception, and regulation and enforcement of rules. The review concludes with a critical analysis of the existing literature and an overview of a future research agenda that could complement the current work on ethics of self-tracking.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"33 1","pages":"239 - 271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45624704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Ageism and moral distress in nurses caring for older patients 老年护士的年龄歧视与道德困境
IF 2 3区 哲学
Ethics & Behavior Pub Date : 2022-05-16 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2072845
Mihaela-Alexandra Gherman, L. Arhiri, A. Holman
{"title":"Ageism and moral distress in nurses caring for older patients","authors":"Mihaela-Alexandra Gherman, L. Arhiri, A. Holman","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2022.2072845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2022.2072845","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study explored the influence of healthcare ageism on nurses’ moral distress. Episodic interviews were conducted on 25 Romanian nurses in 2020. Thematic analysis revealed that all moral distress sources reported reflected macro-, meso- and micro-level ageism, benevolent and hostile, self- or other-directed, including stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination of older patients. The COVID-19 pandemic-related ageist measures increased healthcare ageism and transformed nurses’ representations of older patients accordingly. Nurses felt moral conflict both when passively witnessing ageist acts and when perpetrating them to adhere to group norms, highlighting the need to combat ageism for both patients’ and nurses’ well-being.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"33 1","pages":"322 - 338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44492087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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