American Journal of Economics and Sociology最新文献

{"title":"Red light game identifies ineffective criminal deterrence","authors":"Jonathan Hofer","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12572","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12572","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The proceeding investigates the ineffectiveness of law enforcement placement in specific circumstances from the penological framework of rational choice theory. This work employs game theory modeling to determine an individual's propensity to commit a crime. The succeeding illustrates how it is counterproductive to nudge potential criminals where socially preferable behavior corresponds to a pure strategy Nash equilibrium in a simultaneous two-player game. The result of this analysis demonstrates an addendum to contemporary rational choice theory in criminology. The solutions of these stage games show that increasing the placement of criminal deterrents, like surveillance or fines intended to reduce the number of opportunities to commit deviant behavior, is dysfunctional under particular circumstances. This suggests that law enforcement resources should not be directed to enforcing certain crimes. The implications of this work could help optimize department assets and personnel hours.</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140588732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Currencies and culture: An amusing journey into the impacts of exchange rates on global creative industries","authors":"Shao Baorui,&nbsp;Zhang Zhiyuan,&nbsp;Li Zhao","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12567","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12567","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper examines the impact of exchange rate changes on cultural services trade balances in China, Japan, the United States, United Kingdom, France, and Germany from 2006 to 2015. These six countries represent dominant players whose experiences reflect global impacts. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models test for J-curve effects. Cultural distance matrices combined with cluster analysis explore how cultural proximity influences trade structures. Results demonstrate a J-curve effect in China contrasting with a reverse J-curve in the United States. China and Japan form one cultural trade cluster distinct from a Western bloc of the United States, United Kingdom, and France. This signifies emerging economies have developed unique cultural trade models. The research enriches empirical evidence on exchange rate impacts for understudied cultural services trade. Introducing cultural distance provides a novel perspective and policy insights for emerging economies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140367012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating occupational digitalization via skillshed analysis","authors":"G. Jason Jolley,&nbsp;Clara Bone,&nbsp;Hunter Bacot,&nbsp;Tuyen Pham","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12569","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12569","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rapid digitalization of jobs in the United States and globally provides both an economic opportunity and a challenge for upskilling and reskilling the workforce. Retraining and reintegrating displaced or at-risk workers, particularly in a competitive labor market, brings significant economic benefits to communities, employers, and employees. Individuals in at-risk or declining occupations likely lack requisite digital literacy and associated skills that enable them to transition smoothly into roles that require digital proficiency. Drawing from research indicating the rapid digitalization of the U.S. economy and workforce, this study employs skillshed analysis to examine a sample of vulnerable occupations within coal-related industries. The goal is to evaluate training gaps and wage differentials for individuals shifting from coal-related occupations to roles requiring higher levels of digital literacy. Providing quality reemployment options for coal-economy workers reduces the barriers to transitioning to more sustainable energy provision, yet prior studies have found that coal-economy workers possess lower levels of digital literacy. Our study reaffirms these prior findings that many coal economy workers lack the requisite knowledge, training, and educational attainment to easily transition to occupations requiring high degrees of digitalization. As a result, to be successful in retraining and upskilling those in coal-related occupations and to meet sustainable development goals, it is necessary to assist these workers in their transition into viable occupations.</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajes.12569","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140196952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global cryptocurrency use, corruption, and the shadow economy: New insights into the underlying linkages","authors":"Aziz N. Berdiev,&nbsp;Rajeev K. Goel,&nbsp;James W. Saunoris","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12566","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12566","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The recent prevalence of digital currencies has challenged policymakers as they try to control the supply of money and rein in clandestine activities. Corruption and shadow economy are widely prevalent illegal/unobserved activities that have been hard to eliminate worldwide. These longstanding and entrenched activities have possibly found a new avenue to thrive and evade detection/punishment. So disentangling the nexus between corruption, shadow economy, and digital currencies is important. Using recent cross-country data, this paper analyzes the interrelationships between corruption, shadow economy, and cryptocurrencies. We argue that a large underground sector in a nation provides a mechanism through which corrupt government officials use cryptocurrencies to conceal their unauthorized earnings. Employing formal mediation analysis, our results show that the positive nexus between corruption and cryptocurrency adoption is mediated by the shadow sector. Quantitatively speaking, three-fourths of the correlation between corruption and cryptocurrency usage is mediated by the shadow economy. The primary implication of our findings is that effective monitoring of cryptocurrencies should pay attention to policies to control both corruption and the shadow economy.</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140004612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are skepticism and moderation dominating attitudes toward AI-based technologies?","authors":"Simona-Vasilica Oprea,&nbsp;Ionut Nica,&nbsp;Adela Bâra,&nbsp;Irina-Alexandra Georgescu","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12565","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12565","url":null,"abstract":"<p>AI advancements are poised to substantially modify human abilities in the foreseeable future. They include the integration of Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs) to augment cognitive functions, the application of gene editing, and the utilization of AI-powered robotic exoskeletons to enhance physical strength. This study employs a comprehensive analytical framework combining factor analysis, clustering, ANOVA, and logistic regression to investigate public attitudes toward these transformative technologies. Our findings reveal three distinct clusters of public opinion reflecting varying optimism and concern toward AI technologies. Cluster 1 (1574 participants) held a positive view with high excitement while Cluster 2 (1334 participants) showed a balanced stance. Cluster 3 (2199 participants) expressed heightened concern despite some excitement. Notably, regional disparities, particularly between urban and rural participants, emerge as a prominent factor influencing these attitudes (ANOVA, <i>F</i> = 15.2, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, logistic regression identifies key influencers of public perception, highlighting the significant roles played by religion and regional factors. The implications of these findings extend beyond understanding public sentiment. They underscore the need for informed policies that promote education and awareness about AI technologies, address ethical concerns, and engage the public in decision-making processes. As society navigates this transformative technological landscape, a nuanced understanding of public attitudes becomes paramount, guiding ethical regulation, innovation, and public engagement strategies. This study provides valuable insights into the intricate dynamics surrounding AI acceptance and highlights the importance of adapting measures to evolving perceptions and attitudes among the general public.</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139967558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who claims the federal adoption tax credit? Those who know about it","authors":"Cullen T. Wallace","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12564","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12564","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research investigates which individuals are aware of and claim the federal adoption tax credit. Using a probit model, I find that the probability that one claims the credit increases with one's income and is lower for Black adoptive parents compared to White ones. These discrepancies in usage stem from different probabilities of knowing about the credit. However, conditional on awareness, I find that the probability of claiming the credit is no different among members of differing income or racial groups, implying that a direct way to increase take-up of the tax credit could simply be increasing awareness of it.</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139766660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corporate investors and the housing affordability crisis: Having wall street as your landlord","authors":"Carol Camp Yeakey","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12556","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12556","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Given the importance of housing affordability to one's social class standing, one's ability to afford decent, secure housing is not only important on an individual level, but impacts intergenerational im/mobility as well. The purpose of this research is threefold. First, it examines the recent trend in bulk housing purchases by corporate investors who turn those purchases into single family rental properties. In so doing,  it discusses the implications for the population in general, but for marginalized population in perticular, that is, persons of color and those inthe lower socioeconomic strata of society. Second, this research examines a closely related housing phenomenon, condominium deconversion, where corporate investors purchase privately owned condominiums in bulk who turn them into rental units. Third, summary analysis and suggestions for future research as well as legislative and policy proposals to offset housing affordability conclude this research.</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139446502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alien merchant chambers and enterprise innovation: Evidence from China","authors":"Ran Zhou,&nbsp;Yali Zhao","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12559","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12559","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Based on social capital theory, this paper aims to investigate the impact of member enterprises of alien merchant chambers on enterprise innovation, within A-share listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges of China from 2010 to 2020. Additionally, the study seeks to explore the role played by social capital resulting from participation in these alien merchant chambers. Furthermore, we delve into the moderating effects of the number of alien merchant chambers and the degree of marketization in the enterprise's location. Moreover, we analyze the influence of heterogeneity in firm ownership and firm type. Our findings reveal that member enterprises of alien merchant chambers can increase their social capital and consequently promoting innovation; both the quantity of alien merchant chambers and the level of marketization in an enterprise's location positively influence this enhancement. Furthermore, the impact of state-owned enterprises and non-high-tech enterprises on enterprise innovation, following their engagement with alien merchant chambers, surpasses that of non-state-owned enterprises and high-tech enterprises. This research bridges the gap in understanding the corporate governance implications of alien merchant chambers, provides empirical evidence concerning Chinese alien merchant chambers, and addresses inquiries regarding the influence of merchant chambers' social capital. Additionally, it proposes a novel approach for listed companies to overcome resource constraints and to collaboratively pursue development, especially in light of the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139155020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The exploitation of women: Narrative of oppressed women in movies","authors":"Iftekhar Alam,&nbsp;Seetha Lakshmi","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12558","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12558","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The status of women in Indian society has been paradoxical emanating from a deeply embedded socially construed gender-based exploitation owing to historical and sociological reasons. Moreover, the intersectionality of gender and caste has made them one of the marginalized social groups who experience discrimination, exclusion, and exploitation. Plethora of Bollywood movies, and regional cinema narrate the humiliation and exploitation of women in various spheres of their life. Some of the recent Bollywood and regional cinema has successfully attempted to highlight the gender-based exploitation and exclusion. Therefore, drawing upon an Amazon web series ‘Dahad’ and a movie ‘Kathal-a jackfruit mystery’ the paper tries to explore the struggle, exploitation, discrimination, aspiration, and assertion of women against existing social oppression. Taking the inferences from these two movies, the paper endeavors to seek the answer to the following questions: What are the nature and pattern of gender and caste-based humiliation of women? How gender and caste intersect in their humiliation and social exclusion? How are women making their own struggle against gender oppression and exploitation in society? What is the tactic they use to negotiate gender discrimination? How are they asserting against gender-based discrimination? How are they asserting their ‘agency’ in patriarchal and hierarchical society? What aspire and motivate them to fight for their dignity?</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139054077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of innovation efficiency in logistic enterprises: Evidence from China based on the three-stage DEA-Malmquist index model approach","authors":"Guanglan Zhou,&nbsp;Yiru Xu,&nbsp;Fangping Zhang","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12545","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12545","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Continuous improvement of technological innovation ability, adjustment of the development strategy, and enhancement of operational performance are of great theoretical and practical significance for logistics enterprises. This paper aims to analyze and evaluate the innovation efficiency of the logistics industry. The study utilizes the static three-stage DEA model and the dynamic Malmquist index model, considering a total of 12 indicators related to innovation input, output, and environmental variables. A dataset of 2940 entries from 49 listed logistics enterprises from 2017 to 2021 was calculated. The analysis provides insights into the innovation efficiency of logistics enterprises from a static perspective and the innovation total factor productivity from a dynamic perspective and decomposition terms. Based on the analysis of environmental variables by the SFA model, it was found that DEA inefficiency is the combined result of environmental factors and management inefficiency. Environmental variables have both positive and negative effects on innovation. The improvement of the economic development level will lead to excess R&amp;D investment. Increased government simple fund subsidies are not conducive to the efficient allocation of innovation resources within enterprises. The expansion of enterprise scale will increase R&amp;D personnel and investment in fixed assets. A thriving technology market can encourage enterprises to improve their own conversion rate of scientific and technological output and give full play to their innovation ability. The dynamic Malmquist model analysis reveals a recution in the overall innovation efficiency of listed logistics enterprises over 5 years. The changes in total factor productivity and technological progress efficiency of all listed logistics enterprises are synchronized, with most enterprises exhibiting higher technological progress efficiency compared to comprehensive technical efficiency. The total factor productivity of logistics enterprise innovation is mainly affected by comprehensive technical efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139220027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}