Europes Journal of Psychology最新文献

{"title":"A Test Battery for Measuring Individual Cognitive Ability: A Brief Practical Tutorial.","authors":"Maria Lialiou, Martine Grice, Petra B Schumacher","doi":"10.5964/ejop.17163","DOIUrl":"10.5964/ejop.17163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This tutorial provides a comprehensive, open-source collection of tasks, adapted and designed to measure key cognitive functions including inhibition, working memory, and processing speed. While a substantial body of research in experimental psychology focuses on these cognitive functions, many of the corresponding tasks are not readily accessible in one place - at least to the best of our knowledge. This lack of availability can create barriers for researchers seeking to investigate cognitive variability, necessitating additional time and effort to collate, design or code tasks that may already exist in some form. To address this issue, the present tutorial aims to make a battery of cognitive tasks freely available to the research community. By sharing these tools, we hope to enhance reproducibility in studies of cognitive variability and reduce the redundancy of repeatedly creating similar tasks from scratch. This resource is intended for researchers with an interest in exploring individual differences in cognitive and linguistic performance, offering a practical and efficient solution for accessing standardized tasks. Overall, this tutorial serves as a valuable contribution to the field, providing accessible tools to facilitate research, promote consistency across studies, and save researchers significant time and resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":"22 2","pages":"343-354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13600046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149041243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Critical Thinking in Young Children: Development and Validation of the Critical Thinking Assessment for Children.","authors":"Rosa Angela Fabio, Martina Patafi","doi":"10.5964/ejop.17833","DOIUrl":"10.5964/ejop.17833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In today's media-saturated environment, young children are increasingly exposed to diverse and sometimes conflicting information. Developing critical thinking skills early is essential for evaluating, interpreting, and making informed judgments. To address this need, we developed and validated the Critical Thinking Assessment for Children (CTAC), an instrument designed to systematically measure critical thinking abilities in primary school learners. Given the multidimensional nature of critical thinking, item generation followed a rigorous process involving expert evaluation and pilot testing. An initial pilot study with 72 Italian children aged 6 to 8 years led to a refined 22-item version, selected based on item discrimination indices. Study 1 examined the psychometric properties of the CTAC in a sample of 112 children (<i>M</i> = 7.43, <i>SD</i> = 1.12) across different grades. Results from an exploratory factor analysis identified a three-factor structure: Open-Minded Inquiry, Media Literacy and Critical Analysis, and Contradiction Recognition and Critical Awareness. Study 2 validated this structure in a larger sample of 356 children (<i>M</i> = 8.45, <i>SD</i> = 1.20), incorporating concurrent validity measures, including Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices and teacher-reported academic performance. Results from a confirmatory factor analysis supported the robustness of a second-order three-factor model. The findings indicate that the CTAC is a reliable and valid tool for assessing critical thinking within the Italian primary school context. Its application can provide educators and researchers with insights into early cognitive development and serve as a foundation for designing targeted educational interventions. Future studies should examine its longitudinal sensitivity and evaluate its adaptability across different cultural and linguistic contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":"22 2","pages":"290-310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13600067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149041262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The High Five Model as a Predictor of Optimal Functioning in University Students: A Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Diana García Dilba, Alejandro Castro Solano","doi":"10.5964/ejop.15589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.15589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The high-five model (HFM) categorizes five positive human characteristics-erudition, peace, joviality, honesty, and tenacity - on the basis of an inductive psycholexical approach. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive power of the HFM in a sample of university students to assess whether these traits could predict optimal functioning after 20 months. Optimal functioning was defined as high academic performance; emotional, personal, and social well-being; and low levels of psychopathology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 136 university students with a mean age of 30.8 years (<i>SD</i> = 1.86; 83% female; 17% male). The predictor variables were high factors (HFI - High Five Inventory -), and the criterion variables were emotional, personal, and social well-being (Mental Health Continuum-Short Form - MHC-SF -), psychopathological symptoms (Symptom Checklist-27, SCL-27), and academic achievement (self-reported academic grades). The data were analyzed both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicated that the HFI, particularly the factors of Honesty (β = .64, <i>p</i> = .05) and Tenacity (β = .49, <i>p</i> = .01), demonstrated high predictive power in identifying profiles of optimal functioning (high complete mental well-being) in university students after 20 months. The predictive power of the model was greater when predictors and criteria were analyzed cross-sectionally rather than longitudinally (explaining 35% vs. 17% of the variance).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HFM effectively distinguished between high- and low-complete mental well-being groups both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, demonstrating its robustness in predicting optimal functioning at various time points.</p>","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":"22 2","pages":"175-193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13600064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149041391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Fear of Childbirth in Nulliparous Women: Childhood Traumas and Attachment Patterns.","authors":"Gökçe Kavak Sinanoğlu, Sezin Ateş","doi":"10.5964/ejop.18653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.18653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the predictors of fear of childbirth (FoC) in nulliparous women by focusing on the effects of childhood trauma and attachment styles. Identifying psychological factors contributing to FoC is important for improving early intervention strategies and maternal well-being. The study included 496 nulliparous women who had never experienced pregnancy or childbirth. Participants completed the Women's Childbirth Fear-Prior to Pregnancy Scale (WCF-PPS), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), and the Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures Questionnaire (ECR-RS). Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between FoC, childhood trauma, and attachment styles. Fear of childbirth showed a significant positive correlation with anxious attachment (<i>r</i> = .257, <i>p</i> < .001). Weak but statistically significant associations were also found with emotional abuse (<i>r</i> = .094, <i>p</i> = .039) and total childhood trauma (<i>r</i> = .090, <i>p</i> = .049). However, in the regression analysis, only anxious attachment significantly predicted FoC (β = .172, <i>p</i> < .001), while childhood trauma and avoidant attachment did not emerge as significant predictors. Anxious attachment was identified as the most prominent psychological predictor of FoC in nulliparous women. These results suggest that addressing attachment-related anxiety and early traumatic experiences in pre-pregnancy or prenatal psychological evaluations may reduce fear of childbirth and support maternal mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":"22 2","pages":"227-238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13600063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149041282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Big Five Traits and Tolerance for Uncertainty as Protective Factors of Subjective Well-Being of Students in Martial Law Conditions.","authors":"Olena V Zavhorodnia, Mariia V Shepelova","doi":"10.5964/ejop.17767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.17767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the context of prolonged martial law and pervasive uncertainty, the psychological well-being of student populations becomes especially vulnerable. This study examines how personality dispositions - namely, the Big Five traits and tolerance for uncertainty - relate to subjective well-being among Ukrainian university students navigating wartime conditions. Using data from 147 participants (<i>M</i> _age = 24), predominantly women (78%), studying across various programs in Kyiv, Kharkiv, and Zhytomyr, the research explored direct, mediating, and moderating pathways of influence. The analysis revealed a complex web of interrelations: openness partially mediated the effects of extraversion (<i>p</i> = .031), novelty tolerance (<i>p</i> = .012), and general uncertainty tolerance (<i>p</i> = .008) on subjective well-being. Novelty tolerance also mediated the link between agreeableness and well-being (<i>p</i> = .004). Emotional stability emerged as a significant moderator, enabling the protective effects of openness on well-being (<i>p</i> = .010), while the protective role of extraversion declined with age (<i>p</i> = .018). One particularly noteworthy finding was the unexpected negative association between agreeableness and well-being. In the wartime context, this may reflect a psychological overload among highly agreeable individuals - especially women - facing intense social expectations and emotional caregiving demands, often at the expense of their resources. Future research may benefit from exploring additional mediating variables such as optimism, perceived social support, coping strategies, and cognitive flexibility to better understand adaptive mechanisms under sustained stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":"22 2","pages":"239-265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13600062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149041326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subjective Health and Personal Values in Immigrants and Nonimmigrants Across Europe: Evidence From the COVID-19 Era.","authors":"Hwoyeon Seo, Eunlak Kim, Hong Min Kim, Joon Hyung Jung, Sanghoon Oh, Jae-Suk Yang, Jiho Cha","doi":"10.5964/ejop.17957","DOIUrl":"10.5964/ejop.17957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 has profoundly impacted physical and mental health worldwide, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations, including immigrants. While subjective health (SH) is widely used as a measure of well-being, little is known about how personal values influence SH differently between immigrants and nonimmigrants during crises. This study explores the relationship between personal values and SH, focusing on differences between immigrant and nonimmigrant groups. Using data from the European Social Survey (ESS), we analyzed responses from 32,963 individuals across 20 countries (Round 10: 2020-22). Multilevel modeling showed that Axis_open (<i>Openness to change</i> over <i>Conservation</i>) was positively associated with SH in both immigrant and nonimmigrant groups. However, Axis_self (<i>Self-transcendence</i> over <i>Self-enhancement</i>) was not significant among nonimmigrants, while in the immigrant group, higher Axis_self scores were significantly associated with poorer SH. These findings underscore the importance of considering cultural and migratory contexts when addressing the health implications of personal values.</p>","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":"22 1","pages":"112-128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12958403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of Network Models Linking Personality to Conspiracy Mentality Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Lukasz Stasielowicz","doi":"10.5964/ejop.14761","DOIUrl":"10.5964/ejop.14761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Discussions about potential intervention targets, antecedents, and consequences of conspiracy beliefs often rely on comparing bivariate correlations, which can mask intricate patterns. Therefore, the present study adopts a multivariate network approach to gain nuanced insights into the relationships between personality variables and conspiracy mentality. Established and less-studied correlates of conspiracy mentality (i.e., bedtime procrastination, life satisfaction, locus of control, neuroticism, political cynicism, self-efficacy, and self-esteem) were examined together in network models at the aggregate score level and item level. Notably, network stability was examined across different samples before (<i>N</i> = 403) and during (<i>N</i> = 193) the COVID-19 pandemic. The main findings are: (a) the strength and sign of the relationships were often stable across bivariate and network analyses (e.g., positive relationships between political cynicism and conspiracy mentality), however, there were exceptions, such as an inconsistent link between life satisfaction and conspiracy mentality; (b) while many network relationships and centrality indices were similar before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, some noteworthy exceptions indicate that interventions targeting implausible conspiracy beliefs may benefit from tailoring to external circumstances; (c) certain influential network elements were identified that could inform future interventions (e.g., increasing politicians' transparency and accountability).</p>","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":"22 1","pages":"89-111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12958407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Religious Commitment on Social Cognition: An Exploratory Study of Social Representations of Peace Among a Sample of Graduates Cameroonians.","authors":"Jean-Claude Etoundi, Boris Goujon, Sandrine Gaymard","doi":"10.5964/ejop.13155","DOIUrl":"10.5964/ejop.13155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The preservation of peace is a key concern of the Cameroonian people and the subject of debate within the political class. The public's marked interest in this issue prompted us to look at social representations of peace in Cameroon through the prism of religious commitment. Adopting a structural approach to social representations, we conducted a study among respondents with different levels of religious commitment (<i>N</i> = 156). Data collected via free association and characterization questionnaires were submitted to hierarchical and Q-sort analyses. Results indicated that <i>unity</i> is the factor that best characterizes peace. A comparative analysis of the organization of representations between groups with different levels of religious commitment failed to reveal any major differences. Based on the elements identified by participants, we argue that <i>proximity to the object</i> is the main factor underlying the construction of social representations of peace in Cameroon.</p>","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":"22 1","pages":"155-174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12958399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Conflictual Dialogue Improve a Story?","authors":"John W Berks, Matt N Williams","doi":"10.5964/ejop.17499","DOIUrl":"10.5964/ejop.17499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to creative writing experts, adding conflict to dialogue improves story quality and audience reaction to that story. This idea draws from the widely held theory that conflict is vital for dramatic stories. Yet despite conflict's seeming centrality, experimental research into its effects is limited. We take a small step in addressing this shortfall, by examining whether one type of conflict - adversarial dialogue - improves story quality, and audience response. In a pilot, and two similar studies, we manipulated stories to create different levels of conflictual dialogue, in repeated measures experiments. Forty-seven participants in the first study and 194 in the second, read stories with different levels of conflict, and then rated them on a series of measures (the Perceived Quality Index in the first experiment, the Audience Response Scale, with supplementary questions on boredom and story quality in the second). While the conflict manipulation was successful, it produced no significant difference in these outcome measures in the two experiments. These results do not support the study hypothesis that manipulating isolated adversarial dialogue has a positive effect on stories but would be compatible with alternative theories of conflict in stories.</p>","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":"22 1","pages":"21-45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12958408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Modulating Effect of Cognitive Reserve on Dysfunctional Beliefs in Aging.","authors":"Rosa Angela Fabio, Alessia Giordano","doi":"10.5964/ejop.17625","DOIUrl":"10.5964/ejop.17625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the role of cognitive reserve (CR) as a protective factor in late adulthood, focusing on its associations with cognitive performance, dysfunctional beliefs, and motivational orientation. A total of 100 older adults aged 65 to 93 completed standardized assessments: the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRIq), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the Dysfunctional Beliefs Questionnaire (DBQ). Motivation was also assessed through qualitative responses categorized into thematic domains. Correlation analyses revealed that higher CR was significantly associated with better cognitive functioning (<i>r</i> = .62, <i>p</i> < .001) and fewer overall dysfunctional beliefs (<i>r</i> = -.26, <i>p</i> < .05), particularly self-criticism and frustration intolerance (both <i>r</i> = -.40, <i>p</i> < .01). No significant correlations were found with catastrophizing or absolute duty beliefs. Individuals with higher CR also showed a greater tendency toward positive motivational themes (χ² = 7.98, <i>p</i> < .01), while those with lower CR more frequently reported negative motivations (χ² = 5.55, <i>p</i> < .01). Structural equation modelling supported a model in which CR predicted cognitive performance, dysfunctional beliefs, and motivational orientation, with good overall fit (CFI = .97, TLI = .90, RMSEA = .08, SRMR = .03). Notably, CR had direct positive effects on MoCA scores (β = .62, <i>p</i> < .001) and positive motivation (β = .31, <i>p</i> < .01), and negative effects on dysfunctional beliefs (β = -.26, <i>p</i> < .05) and negative motivation (β = -.30, <i>p</i> < .05). These findings support the view that cognitive reserve contributes not only to cognitive resilience but also to more adaptive motivational and emotional patterns in aging. The results highlight the role of CR in enhancing cognitive performance and reducing maladaptive beliefs, suggesting a dynamic relationship between cognitive resources, emotional-motivational functioning, and individual differences in late adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12958401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}