Europes Journal of Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Social Media Social Comparisons and Identity Processes on Body Image Satisfaction in Late Adolescence.","authors":"Tamara Martinac Dorčić,&nbsp;Sanja Smojver-Ažić,&nbsp;Ivana Božić,&nbsp;Izabela Malkoč","doi":"10.5964/ejop.9885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.9885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the important developmental tasks in adolescence and emerging adulthood is the questioning of identity issues, with body image being a prominent concern. In the age of modern technology, many processes of social comparison take place on social media, which serve as an ideal platform for comparison with others. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of identity dimensions, social media use, and social media social comparison, on different domains of body image satisfaction (i.e., appearance, weight, and attribution). An online survey was conducted with 354 young people in Croatia (Mean age = 18.49, SD = 1.44; Women/girls = 78.9%). The results revealed that each of the body image domains had a different pattern of association with identity dimensions and social media social comparison. The contribution of identity dimensions was more important for evaluation attributed to others about one's body appearance, whereas social media use and social comparison were more crucial for thoughts and feelings about appearance and weight satisfaction. Higher identity commitment and exploration were related to more positive thoughts about how others evaluate one's appearance, regardless of social comparison. On the other hand, social media use and social media social comparison were associated with lower satisfaction with appearance and weight.</p>","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":"19 2","pages":"220-231"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41158767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preserving the Flame: The Past, Present, and Future of EJOP.","authors":"Johannes Karl","doi":"10.5964/ejop.11945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.11945","url":null,"abstract":"Europe’s Journal of Psychology has a long history of pushing boundaries in psychological publishing, being an early journal adopting a diamond open access model, allowing for the sharing of information to a wide range of audiences by a wide range of authors. As I am taking over the editorship of this journal, I want to continue this legacy and continue to push boundaries with this journal. With this will come a number of changes that aim to stimulate new ways of how we do research. These changes can be summarized under three key points: Exploration, Replication, and Reflection. Since the inception of EJOP it has published more than 800 articles from 1458 unique authors across 70 countries. This represents a substantial level of diversity, which is made even more compelling by the fact that nearly one fifth of all articles in EJOP have been authored by cross-national author teams. In the future we want to carry forward this diversity, specifically encouraging submissions from areas historically underrepresented in psychological journals (Henrich, 2020). Raising the unexpected, curious, and thought provoking to the eye of the scientific community is in my opinion one of the cornerstones of the advancement of science. By being presented with empirical observations that make us question our held beliefs we can grow simultaneously as individual researchers and as scientific community. While a large focus since the replications crisis in psychology has been ensuring the robustness of the cumulative psychological corpus (Lilienfeld, 2017; Shrout & Rodgers, 2018), many researchers have highlighted that attempts at replication need to go hand in hand with an open curious exploration of novel phenomena (Fife & Rodgers, 2022). In line with this come the first two concrete changes for EJOP that will be relevant for all authors going forward. First, we now require all articles to fulfill Level 3 of our Open Science practices as outlined on the EJOP website. In practices this means that all studies submitted for review in EJOP require their data, code, and materials to be made available in a form which allows other researchers the ability for unrestricted access and reuse with proper attribution. This means we will no longer publish quantitative studies which do not allow for computational replication of a study without input from the original authors. To support authors and reviewers in ensuring the highest quality of their data, data-dictionary, and code as well as the plain language statements, we will create additional junior editor positions in EJOP who will oversee the application of these processes, for which we encourage applications to the editor. We are cognizant of the heterogeneity of research approaches and fields, especially in qualitative research (Prosser et al., 2022). We therefore encourage authors who aim to submit an article which contains data that for legal, ethical, or other reasons cannot be made public at the moment of submission to co","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":"19 2","pages":"125-127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41158768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making Psychology \"Count\": On the Mathematization of Psychology.","authors":"Simon Nuttgens","doi":"10.5964/ejop.4065","DOIUrl":"10.5964/ejop.4065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Beginning in the late 18th century and continuing through to the mid-20th century, a movement was undertaken by psychology's pioneers to establish a mathematical basis for research modeled after the physical sciences. It is argued that this movement arose through sociopolitical pressures to legitimize psychology as an independent discipline; demarcate its disciplinary boundaries within academia; and distinguish psychology from philosophy and spiritualism. It is argued that an ahistorical view of how the quantitative paradigm gained ascendancy leaves it largely unquestioned and unchallenged within mainstream psychology. Because of this, qualitative research has endured a long and continuing struggle to gain disciplinary recognition and epistemological parity. It is proposed that despite being sidelined by decades of quantitative hegemony, qualitative research has a long history in psychology and in the last 40 years has continued to prove itself as a necessary and valuable contributor to research in psychology.</p>","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":"19 1","pages":"100-112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10103058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9316234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Workers Feel Like Objects: A Field Study on Self-Objectification and Affective Organizational Commitment.","authors":"Roberta Rosa Valtorta, Maria Grazia Monaci","doi":"10.5964/ejop.5549","DOIUrl":"10.5964/ejop.5549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectification is a form of dehumanization that implies the perception of others as mere objects. The present study aimed to expand research on objectification in the work domain by exploring the relationships between objectifying job features, self-objectification, and affective organizational commitment within a real work setting. Building on previous literature, we hypothesized that the execution of objectifying work activities would be positively related to workers' tendency to objectify themselves. Further, we expected a decrease in affective organizational commitment as the outcome of these perceptions. A study involving 142 Italian supermarket clerks (75 females) supported our hypotheses. Workers with a low-status job role (i.e., cashiers and salespeople vs. managers) perceived their activities as more objectifying. In turn, this perception heightened their self-objectification, which decreased workers' commitment towards the organization. Our results enrich the understanding of workplace objectification by also providing relevant insights into the link between social-psychological and organizational processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":"19 1","pages":"15-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10103059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9316231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Objectification and its Biological, Psychological and Social Predictors: A Cross-Cultural Study in Four European Countries and Iran.","authors":"Silvia Gattino, Kamila Czepczor-Bernat, Angela Fedi, Anna Brytek-Matera, Mihaela Boza, Jérémy E Lemoine, Reza N Sahlan, Emma Wilson, Norma De Piccoli, Chiara Rollero","doi":"10.5964/ejop.6075","DOIUrl":"10.5964/ejop.6075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although scholars started investigating self-objectification more than twenty years ago, only a few studies focused on men and even fewer have taken into account the cross-cultural dimension. Our study focused on the antecedents of self-objectification paying attention to the role of biological and sociodemographic variables (gender, BMI), psychological characteristics (self-esteem, perfectionism) together with social and cultural factors (internalization of media standards, influence of family and friends). Self-objectification was operationalized as Body Shame and Body Surveillance. A self-reported questionnaire was administered to 2165 adults living in four European countries (UK, Italy, Poland and Romania) and Iran. Ten regression models were performed (2 per country) to analyse the correlates of self-objectification. Overall, self-objectification emerged as a process affected by factors entrenched in psychological, biological, social and cultural domains, partially different for Body Shame and Body Surveillance. Findings showed the key role of self-esteem as a protective factor against Body Shame across countries. On the other hand, the internalization of media standards emerged as risk factor for both Body Shame and Body Surveillance in the five countries. Taken together, these results underline the complexity of self-objectification and the need to deepen research on this topic among non-Western countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":"19 1","pages":"27-47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10103054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9316233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causality of the Satisfaction-Performance Relationship: A Task Experiment.","authors":"Ludmila Dudasova,&nbsp;Martin Vaculik,&nbsp;Jakub Prochazka,&nbsp;Petra Svitavska,&nbsp;Gregory Patton","doi":"10.5964/ejop.4075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.4075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the common belief among practitioners that a happy worker is a productive worker, researchers have been struggling to understand the causality between satisfaction and performance for decades. This study attempts to bring clarity to current understanding through an experiment with repeated measures of satisfaction and performance. A total of 143 participants repeatedly performed a task based on the Stroop test, with their objective performance and task satisfaction measured each time. Two different types of feedback (high/low performance) were randomly assigned to participants in order to manipulate perceived performance. The data were analyzed using a path analysis. The results support the hypothesized influence of task satisfaction on task performance and of perceived task performance on task satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":"19 1","pages":"48-66"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10103057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9309022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise Behaviour and Body Esteem of Gym-Goers in India.","authors":"Ruhee Contractor,&nbsp;Deepa Rasquinha","doi":"10.5964/ejop.3687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.3687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exercise dependence is described as exercise which is harmful if engaged compulsively and excessively. The present study aims to investigate differences in categories of exercise behaviours and areas of body esteem in gym-goers in India across genders. The study used a cross-sectional design, and the sample consisted of 291 gym-goers (females = 146; males = 145) The Exercise Dependence Scale- 21 (EDS-21) and Body Esteem Scale-Revised (BES-R) was administered to the gym-goers in India after seeking informed consent. The obtained data were statistically analysed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance. The results of the study indicated that there was a significant difference in the three categories of exercise behaviours and three areas of body esteem in male gym-goers. However, such similar differences were not found in female gym-goers. The differences found in body esteem for the male gym-goers in certain areas suggest how exercise has an impact on body image. For female gym-goers, we can see that irrespective of the category they belong to, there is no difference in the areas of body esteem. We can understand such findings with the sociocultural model of excessive exercise given by White and Halliwell (DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.02.002) where perceived sociocultural pressure predicts excessive exercise, which is mediated by body image. Strengths and limitations of the study are discussed. Future research in India based on qualitative and longitudinal designs are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10103055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9316230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Sociosexuality and Condom Use Frequency Among Young French College Students.","authors":"Kamel Gana,&nbsp;Diana Arshakyan","doi":"10.5964/ejop.6793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.6793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sociosexuality, conceptualized as individual differences in attitudes, behaviors, and desires for casual sex, is reflected in \"hookup culture\" where risky sexual behaviors should not be overlooked. The main objectives of this study were (a) to provide a first French adaptation of the SOI-R and to evaluate its psychometric properties, and (b) to examine the relationship between sociosexuality and condom use among young college students (N = 1037, mean age = 18.7 years, SD = 1 year). A path model hypothesizing links between dispositional optimism, boredom proneness, sexual orientation, age, gender (as correlated exogenous/independent variables), sociosexuality (as mediation variable), and condom use (as output variable), was specified and tested. Findings showed gender and sexual orientation differences in sociosexuality. As expected, males as well as non-heterosexual individuals endorsed more sociosexuality than the others. Optimism, but not boredom, predicted a higher level of sociosexuality. Sociosexuality positively predicted safer sex. Sociosexual orientation was not associated with condomless sex. It would seem that sexual freedom does not necessarily mean irresponsible sexual adventures for the young college students in our study.</p>","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":"19 1","pages":"67-78"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10103056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9316232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the Gap Between Believing and Memory Functions.","authors":"Rüdiger J Seitz,&nbsp;Hans-Ferdinand Angel,&nbsp;Raymond F Paloutzian","doi":"10.5964/ejop.7461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.7461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Believing has recently been recognized as a fundamental brain function linking a person's experience with his or her attitude, actions and predictions. In general, believing results from the integration of ambient information with emotions and can be reinforced or modulated in a probabilistic fashion by new experiences. Although these processes occur in the subliminal realm, humans can become aware of what they believe and express it verbally. We explain how believing is interwoven with memory functions in a multifaceted fashion. Linking the typically rapid and adequate reactions of a subject to what he/she believes is enabled by working memory. Perceptions are stored in episodic memory as beneficial or aversive events, while the corresponding verbal descriptions of what somebody believes are stored in semantic memory. After recall from memory of what someone believes, personally relevant information can be communicated to other people. Thus, memory is essential for maintaining what people believe.</p>","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":"19 1","pages":"113-124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10103061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9309023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Adolescent Flourishing.","authors":"Nicole C Waigel,&nbsp;Viviana N Lemos","doi":"10.5964/ejop.6831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.6831","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, the study of well-being has been approached from the hedonic and eudaimonic perspectives. However, the last findings suggest that both aspects are complementary, giving place to an integrated conceptualization of well-being called flourishing. In spite of the constant increase of research around this construct, there is still little information regarding flourishing in adolescents. The objective of this study is to review the available literature on flourishing in adolescence in relation to its tie with other constructs, its study in different contexts and the way it has been operationalized. The selection of the studies was conducted in two phases. First, it was verified that the exclusion and selection criteria were met. Then, an evaluation of the quality of the pre-selected studies was carried out. The data were synthesized through the thematic synthesis method. For the results, 28 empirical studies were selected. Four thematic axes were identified: (a) Flourishing in different contexts, (b) Flourishing in regards to other results and positive psychological characteristics and/or their negative counterpart, (c) Flourishing and psychosocial vulnerability, and (d) indicators for the evaluation of flourishing. Suggestions are provided with the goal of consolidating the science of human flourishing.","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":"19 1","pages":"79-99"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10103060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9316235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}