Europes Journal of Psychology最新文献_第10页

Are Dimensions of Gender Inequality Uniformly Associated With Human Values? 性别不平等与人类价值观是否一致？

IF 3

Europes Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2021-05-31 eCollection Date: 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.2261

Serena Stefani, Gabriele Prati

{"title":"Are Dimensions of Gender Inequality Uniformly Associated With Human Values?","authors":"Serena Stefani, Gabriele Prati","doi":"10.5964/ejop.2261","DOIUrl":"10.5964/ejop.2261","url":null,"abstract":"A previous work of Schwartz and Rubel-Lifschitz (2009, https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015546) highlighted the association between human values and gender equality. However, gender equality is not a monolith. Indeed, it is a multidimensional phenomenon. We started from this multidimensionality to understand how the relative importance of human values varies through the different dimensions of Gender Equality Index (GEI)-namely work, money, knowledge, time, power, and health. We have designed a cross-national study based on secondary data analysis from international databases (i.e., European Social Survey [ESS] and GEI). Through the Bayesian correlational analysis of 18 European countries, findings revealed that 1) universalism, benevolence and self-direction are strongly and positively correlated to gender equality; 2) security, power and achievement are strongly and negatively correlated to equality while 3) conformity, tradition, stimulation, and hedonism have weak/non-significant correlation coefficients with gender equality. Relevance to cultural values and ideologies that support social equality are discussed. Furthermore, we find that some values are related to certain specific gender equality dimensions. Our results provide a more fine-grained analysis compared to previous findings, by outlining a more complex scenario.","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8768482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39605494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shame and Self-Esteem: A Meta-Analysis. 羞耻与自尊：一项 Meta 分析。

IF 1.8

Europes Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2021-05-31 eCollection Date: 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.2115

Yohanes Budiarto, Avin Fadilla Helmi

{"title":"Shame and Self-Esteem: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Yohanes Budiarto, Avin Fadilla Helmi","doi":"10.5964/ejop.2115","DOIUrl":"10.5964/ejop.2115","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars agree that shame has many effects related to psychological functioning declines, and one among others is the fluctuation of self-esteem. However, the association between shame and self-esteem requires further studies. Heterogeneity studies due to different measurements, various sample characteristics, and potential missing research findings may result in uncertain conclusions. This study aimed to explore the relationship between shame and self-esteem by meta-analysis to come up with evidence of heterogeneity and publication bias of the study. Eighteen studies from the initial 235 articles involving the term shame and self-esteem were studied using the random-effects model. A total of 578 samples were included in the study. The overall effect size estimate between shame and self-esteem (r = -.64) indicates that shame correlates negatively with self-esteem and is large effect size. The result showed that heterogeneity study was found (I² = 95.093%). The Meta-regression showed that age moderated the relationship between shame and self-esteem (p = .002), while clinical sample characteristics (p = .232) and study quality (p = .184) did not affect the overall effect size.","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8768475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39605497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What Makes It Difficult to Start an Intimate Relationship: A Taxonomy of the Reasons. 是什么让开始一段亲密关系变得困难:原因分类。

IF 3

Europes Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2021-05-31 eCollection Date: 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.1852

Menelaos Apostolou

引用次数: 0

CBM-I Training and Its Effect on Interpretations of Intent, Facial Expressions, Attention and Aggressive Behavior. CBM-I训练及其对意图、面部表情、注意和攻击行为的影响

IF 3

Europes Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2021-05-31 eCollection Date: 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.2413

Nouran AlMoghrabi, Ingmar H A Franken, Birgit Mayer, Menno van der Schoot, Jorg Huijding

{"title":"CBM-I Training and Its Effect on Interpretations of Intent, Facial Expressions, Attention and Aggressive Behavior.","authors":"Nouran AlMoghrabi, Ingmar H A Franken, Birgit Mayer, Menno van der Schoot, Jorg Huijding","doi":"10.5964/ejop.2413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.2413","url":null,"abstract":"There is abundant evidence suggesting that attention and interpretation biases are powerful precursors of aggression. However, little is known how these biases may interact with one another in the development and maintenance of aggression. Using cognitive bias modification of interpretation (CBM-I), the present study examined whether training more pro-social or hostile intent attributions would affect attention bias, interpretation bias of facial expressions, aggression and mood. University students (17-48 years) were assigned to either a positive training (n = 40), negative training (n = 40), or control training (n = 40). Results showed that the positive training successfully changed measures of intent attributions in a pro-social direction compared to the control training. The negative training changed measures of intent attributions in a hostile direction but not more so than the control training. We found no generalization of the training effects to relevant other outcomes. Possible explanations underlying these findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8768478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39777531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Employability and Job Insecurity: The Role of Personal Resources on Work-Related Stress. 就业能力和工作不安全感:个人资源在工作压力中的作用。

IF 3

Europes Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2021-05-31 eCollection Date: 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.1904

Tiziana Ramaci, Palmira Faraci, Giuseppe Santisi, Giusy Danila Valenti

引用次数: 5

Does Perfectionism Lead to Well-Being? The Role of Flow and Personality Traits. 完美主义会带来幸福吗?心流和人格特质的作用。

IF 3

Europes Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2021-05-31 eCollection Date: 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.1987

Tamar Kamushadze, Khatuna Martskvishvili, Maia Mestvirishvili, Mariami Odilavadze

{"title":"Does Perfectionism Lead to Well-Being? The Role of Flow and Personality Traits.","authors":"Tamar Kamushadze, Khatuna Martskvishvili, Maia Mestvirishvili, Mariami Odilavadze","doi":"10.5964/ejop.1987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.1987","url":null,"abstract":"Perfectionism is a personality trait that plays an important role in understanding human behavior and functioning. There has been a focus on the negative aspects and outcomes of perfectionism, and less is known about whether and how perfectionism relates to adaptive characteristics of personality and normal functioning. We investigated associations between different aspects of perfectionism and psychological well-being in two studies by determining the role of dispositional flow and personality traits in this relationship. In Study 1, participants completed questionnaires for perfectionism, psychological well-being and flow. In Study 2, personality traits from the HEXACO model of personality were additionally measured. We found that psychological well-being had a positive correlation with conscientious perfectionism and a negative correlation with self-evaluative perfectionism. Flow mediates the relationship between conscientious perfectionism and psychological well-being. There was no correlation between self-evaluative perfectionism and dispositional flow. After controlling for relevant personality traits, dispositional flow remains the mediator between conscientious perfectionism and psychological well-being, but the relation becomes negative. Implications for the understanding of how different components of perfectionism are related to psychological well-being and how flow experience contributes to this relationship are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8768477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39777533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Gender Differences in Mother-Child Conversations About Shame and Pride in a Hungarian Sample. 匈牙利样本中关于羞耻和骄傲的母子对话中的性别差异。

IF 3

Europes Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2021-05-31 eCollection Date: 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.2859

Melinda Pohárnok, András Láng

{"title":"Gender Differences in Mother-Child Conversations About Shame and Pride in a Hungarian Sample.","authors":"Melinda Pohárnok, András Láng","doi":"10.5964/ejop.2859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.2859","url":null,"abstract":"Although meta-analytic reviews repeatedly found significant gender differences in the experiences of shame and pride throughout the life span, to date, gender differences in conversations about these emotions have not been studied. Our research was aimed at investigating the effect of child gender on maternal conversational style in and emotional content of mother-child conversations about shame- and pride-related past events in preschool years. Fifty four mother-preschool child dyads (52% girls, children's age M = 70.36 months [SD = 8.13], mothers' age M = 37.51 years [SD = 3.70]) from middle class Hungarian families were asked to talk about two past events, one in which children felt ashamed, and one in which they felt proud. The conversations were transcribed and coded for maternal conversational style and for emotional content. Maternal conversational style was indicated by maternal elaboration and evaluation of the child's contributions. Emotional content was indicated by specific emotion terms, emotional behavior and emotional evaluations. In mother-son shame conversations, we found higher amount of negative emotional behavior. Boys also had longer conversations with their mothers, and mothers used more open-ended memory questions and more repetitions with boys in both shame and pride conversations. Girls had shorter contributions to pride stories than to shame stories, which was not the case for boys. Exploration of verbal socialization of shame and pride helps us to understand the development of individual differences in proneness to self-conscious emotions, and their implications for mental health.","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8768473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39777945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Negative Valence Effect in Affective Forecasting: The Unique Impact of the Valence Among Dispositional and Contextual Factors for Certain Life Events. 情感预测中的负价值效应：在某些生活事件中，情绪因素和情境因素的独特影响。

IF 3

Europes Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2021-05-31 eCollection Date: 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.1945

Virginie Christophe, Michel Hansenne

{"title":"Negative Valence Effect in Affective Forecasting: The Unique Impact of the Valence Among Dispositional and Contextual Factors for Certain Life Events.","authors":"Virginie Christophe, Michel Hansenne","doi":"10.5964/ejop.1945","DOIUrl":"10.5964/ejop.1945","url":null,"abstract":"Decades of research on affective forecasting have shown a persistent intensity bias-a strong tendency by which people overestimate their future hedonic response for positive events and underestimate it for negatives one. While previous research has provided answers on the isolated impact of various individual or contextual factors, this study is original in that it brings them together to determine which ones most influence the inaccuracy of affective forecasting. Participants were asked to predict their emotional satisfaction for a personal life event, the course (positive or negative) and date of which were already known. First, the results support previous research by showing that affective predictions are highly associated with people's affective experience. Moreover, multiple regression showed that among the individual and contextual factors previously reported to be in relation with affective forecasting inaccuracy, only the valence of the event could explain inaccuracy of forecasting. According to a growing body of literature, these findings point out a tendency to underestimate the intensity of the affect predicted both for negative and positive, with a stronger underestimation for negative events: the negative valence effect.","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8768481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39605496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Pilot Study of Younger Sibling Adaptation: Contributions of Individual Variables, Daily Stress, Interparental Conflict and Older Sibling's Variables. 弟弟妹妹适应的初步研究:个体变量、日常压力、父母间冲突和哥哥姐姐变量的影响。

IF 3

Europes Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.2139

Laura Merino, Ana Martínez-Pampliega, David Herrero-Fernández

{"title":"A Pilot Study of Younger Sibling Adaptation: Contributions of Individual Variables, Daily Stress, Interparental Conflict and Older Sibling's Variables.","authors":"Laura Merino, Ana Martínez-Pampliega, David Herrero-Fernández","doi":"10.5964/ejop.2139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.2139","url":null,"abstract":"Older siblings are powerful socialization agents, playing a significant role in the sociocognitive, social, and emotional development of their younger siblings. However, there are few clues about the variables that explain younger sibling's adaptation. The objective of this pilot study was to identify the determinants of younger siblings' adaptation and to analyze the role played by personal, sibling, family and older siblings' variables using 50 dyads of siblings aged between 7 and 18 years. The variables considered were the sibling relationships and the maladaptation of older siblings, and individual (sex, number of siblings, extroversion, and agreeableness) and contextual variables (interparental conflict, daily stress) were controlled. Hierarchical multiple regressions provided evidence in favor of the model that analyzed the younger siblings' maladaptation to school, showing positive associations both with the older siblings' level of school maladaptation and with sibling conflict. In addition, the study highlighted the relevance of the trait of agreeableness and of family stress in the adaptation of younger siblings.","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8768476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10631034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anticipated Attack Slows Responses in a Cued Virtual Attack Emotional Sternberg Task. 预期攻击会减缓诱导虚拟攻击情绪斯滕伯格任务中的反应。

IF 3

Europes Journal of Psychology Pub Date : 2021-02-26 eCollection Date: 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.1896

Thomas E Gladwin, Matthijs Vink

{"title":"Anticipated Attack Slows Responses in a Cued Virtual Attack Emotional Sternberg Task.","authors":"Thomas E Gladwin, Matthijs Vink","doi":"10.5964/ejop.1896","DOIUrl":"10.5964/ejop.1896","url":null,"abstract":"Threatening stimuli have varying effects, including reaction time (RT) increase in working memory tasks. This could reflect disruption of working memory or, alternatively, a reversible state of freezing. In the current series of experiments, reversible slowing due to anticipated threat was studied using the cued Virtual Attack Emotional Sternberg Task (cVAEST). In this task visually neutral cues indicate whether a future virtual attack could or could not occur during the maintenance period of a Sternberg task. Three studies (N = 47, 40, and 40, respectively) were performed by healthy adult participants online. The primary hypothesis was that the cVAEST would evoke anticipatory slowing. Further, the studies aimed to explore details of this novel task, in particular the interval between the cue and probe stimuli and the memory set size. In all studies it was found that threat anticipation slowed RTs on the working memory task. Further, Study 1 (memory set size 3) showed a decrease in RT when the attack occurred over all Cue Stimulus Intervals (CSIs). In Study 2 a minimal memory set of one item was used, under which circumstances RTs following attacks were only faster shortly after cue presentation (CSI 200 and 500 ms), when RTs were high for both threat and safe cues. Study 3 replicated results of Study 2 with more fine-grained time intervals. The results confirm that anticipation of attack stimuli can reversibly slow responses on an independent working memory task. The cVAEST may provide a useful method to study such threat-induced response slowing.","PeriodicalId":47113,"journal":{"name":"Europes Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7957854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25493709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0