IATSS Research最新文献

{"title":"Model of encroachment into opposite lanes in horizontal curves of rural roads","authors":"Sajad Asadi Ghalehni ,&nbsp;Amin Mirza Boroujerdian","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Horizontal curves of rural roads are accident-prone segments of the route. Sharp curves, steep slopes, and reduced visibility due to the mountainous environment greatly affect the driver behavior and performance. Lane-keeping ability, which is quite crucial in head-on road collisions, is a lateral driver behavior examined in a number of previous studies. This study, which is aimed to examine the naturalistic behavior, has employed the “aerial video recording” to investigate the drivers' lane-keeping ability in horizontal curves.</p><p>To address the risk of encroachment (enc) into the opposite lane, this paper has developed a logistic regression model to predict the probability of a head-on collision with an enc &gt; 0 cm threshold by exploring the relationships between road features (geometric, traffic, pavement conditions, etc.) and driver encroachment into the opposite lane. To this end, use was made of the data of 785 vehicles in 11 horizontal curves (in Kashmar-Neyshabor and Siahkal-Deylam mountainous routes) with radii in the 30–150 (m) range, deflection angles in the 80°-150° range, and slopes in the 0–8% range. The explanatory variables used in the model included the start point position (sp), road slope (Gr), sufficient stopping sight distance (Sd) and difference between the posted and vehicle speeds in mid-curves (DPS). According to the results, speeding and curve rising of 70° increased the encroachment probability, and steep upgrades exacerbated it; at a sufficient stopping sight distance, it reached 85%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45466342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hotspot analysis of single-vehicle lane departure crashes in North Dakota","authors":"Ihsan Ullah Khan ,&nbsp;Kimberly Vachal ,&nbsp;Sajad Ebrahimi ,&nbsp;Satpal Singh Wadhwa","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2022.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2022.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>According to the North Dakota Department of Transportation (NDDOT), 90% of the state's fatal lane departure crashes between 2015 and 2019 occurred on rural roads. Of these, 77% were single-vehicle events. The objective here was to identify relatively high-risk areas on the rural road system. Spatial analysis techniques were explored as a beneficial tool in resource allocations aimed at single-vehicle crash prevention. Hotspot identification techniques, including Global Moran's I, local Moran's I, network kernel density estimation (NetKDE), and emerging hotspot analysis were employed. While the Global Moran's I index indicated the existence of crash clustering, the local Moran's I statistic revealed hot and cold spots in the state. The NetKDE approach was used to quantify crash clusters and prioritize locations. Results from NetKDE defined boundaries for each cluster in terms of density values embedded in the roadway. Emerging hotspot analysis evaluated the hot and cold spots with respect to time. This study will provide valuable insight and help decision makers to make more informed decisions with respect to education, enforcement and infrastructure strategies aimed at preventing single-vehicle lane departure crashes. Although limited to a narrow crash type in one state, this approach can inform other jurisdictions seeking to empirically visualize hotspots and more effectively deploy traffic safety strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49588243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Which not-at-fault crashes are unavoidable by using current active safety technology?","authors":"Roni Utriainen ,&nbsp;Tapio Koisaari ,&nbsp;Timo Kari ,&nbsp;Heidi Heikkilä","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous research has focused on analysing crash reduction potential of active safety technology in at-fault passenger cars, but only a few studies have examined counterparties' possibilities to avoid collisions by using advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). This study quantified the incidence of fatal not-at-fault passenger car crashes that current ADAS (up to SAE level 2) would be unable to avoid. We used data taken from in-depth investigated fatal crashes in which a passenger car was involved, that car having been first registered during the period 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2017 in Finland. The evaluation of unavoidable crashes consisted of two evaluation rounds. The preliminary evaluation round identified potential active safety systems that could have operated in the studied cases. In the following round, we made a five-level case-by-case analysis including a time headway analysis in order to evaluate the possibilities for crash avoidance. The crash data included 63 fatal crashes, of which five were excluded because the death was due to a sudden illness attack. The remaining 58 crashes were classified as follows: probably unavoidable (<em>n</em> = 51), avoidable (<em>n</em> = 3), and unclear (<em>n</em> = 4). The crash incidence of the unavoidable not-at-fault party crashes was 0.67–0.73 fatal crashes per billion kilometers and 14–15 fatal crashes per million registration years. The results indicate that current active safety systems may be able to prevent not-at-fault party fatal crashes only in a few cases and that the driver's role in road safety remains important despite the deployment of the active safety systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45140788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Texting and crossing: An extended theory of planned behaviour to model the psychological and demographic factors related to pedestrians' use of cell phone for texting at crosswalks in developing country","authors":"Aditya Saxena","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The distraction of road users is one of the leading causes of road crashes. In general, distraction in road crashes is often associated with only driving, not walking, however, several studies have highlighted distracted walking as a major cause for road crashes and have also examined distracted walking behaviour and its causes, but there is a paucity of such kind of literature in the context of developing or low-income countries, such as India. This study sought to fill this gap by examining factors that influence pedestrians' use of cell phones for texting while crossing the roads in the city of Bhopal, India. In the present study analysis of psychological factors and socio-economic factors that contribute to distracted walking/crossing was analysed using an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM), this study confirmed the validity of items under each factor of the TPB and then employed SEM to investigate the relationship between the latent variables (attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behaviour control), and demographic characteristics (age, income, and gender) of pedestrians with their intention to text while crossing the street. The results obtained from SEM indicated that the intention to use cell phones for texting at crosswalks was negatively impacted by age, and positively impacted by income level. A significant influence of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behaviour control was found on the intention to use cell phones. Perceived behaviour control (PBC) was found as the most influential factor for predicting pedestrian intentions to use cell phones, followed by Subjective norms (SN). In addition, perceived behaviour control and the intention to use a cell phone also significantly affected crossing behaviour. The findings from the present study can significantly contribute to enhancing pedestrian safety in transportation research, and a better understanding of the factors contributing to pedestrian fatalities could lead towards safe system approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44710114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling of motorcyclists' risky behaviour at an urban T-junction using generalised linear model: An exploratory study","authors":"Noor Azreena Kamaluddin ,&nbsp;Carmelo D'Agostino ,&nbsp;Aliaksei Laureshyn ,&nbsp;András Várhelyi","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Motorcyclists represent the greatest share of recorded traffic crashes and fatalities in Malaysia. The association between motorcyclists' behaviour and traffic conflict occurrence was assessed at a typical stop-regulated T-Junction in an urban area of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Traffic activities were filmed over four months and the behaviour of motorcyclists entering the main road from the minor road was observed from recorded video sequences. Situations ending in a traffic conflict were compared to similar interactive situations not ending with a conflict. In total, 447 sets of interactions of motorcyclists and other motorists at the T-Junction were analysed where 242 interactions ended in conflicts (three of them ended with traffic crashes). The generalised linear model with a binomial response and link logit was adopted to assess the association of motorcyclists' behavioural variables with the probability of conflict occurrence. The significant behavioural variables were classified into categories according to the statistical variation of the value they can assume in the dataset. The motorcyclist's entering angle was the most significant contributory factor in the probability of traffic conflict. The findings can be helpful in deciding on road safety countermeasures. The results could feed into the decisions of policymakers to structure the education and licensing process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48547809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring senior motorcyclist injury severity crashes: Random parameter model with heterogeneity in mean and variance","authors":"Hamsa Zubaidi ,&nbsp;Reuben Tamakloe ,&nbsp;Nabeel Saleem Saad Al-Bdairi ,&nbsp;Ali Alnedawi ,&nbsp;Ihsan Obaid","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2022.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2022.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The fatality rates of motorcyclists are substantially higher than for passenger car occupants per registered vehicle and vehicle miles traveled. There is limited information regarding the contributing factors associated with motorcycle injury severity among senior riders (≥65 years). Therefore, random parameter logit models with heterogeneity in mean and variance were developed based on seven years (2012–2018) crashes database at two different locations, intersection and non-intersection roadways in Florida. About 30 indicator variables were significant for both intersection and non-intersection crashes and were categorized under the driver, temporal, spatial, roadway, and other characteristics, driver action, and crash type. Several factors were found to impact the fatal injuries at the intersection directly, and no intersection crashes. However, speeding, dark, and morning crashes are shared by both locations. This paper highlights the importance of considering a specific crash location during the analysis to minimize any possible erroneous and unreliable countermeasures. Various countermeasures were proposed to assist the safety authorities and policymakers to mitigate the senior motorcyclist injury severities related to crashes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41871338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pedestrian safety attitudes and self-declared behaviour in Greece","authors":"Dimitrios Nikolaou,&nbsp;Alexandros Ntontis,&nbsp;Eva Michelaraki,&nbsp;Apostolos Ziakopoulos,&nbsp;George Yannis","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2022.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2022.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent decades, remarkable improvements in road safety have been achieved in the form of reductions of crash numbers. However, the improvement of vulnerable road users' safe mobility has not been as consistent, especially for pedestrians. The objective of this research is to examine the relationship of pedestrian safety attitudes and self-declared behaviour in Greece. To fulfil this objective, two mixed effects binary logistic regression models and a Structural Equation Model (SEM) were developed using data from the ESRA2 survey. The two selected dependent variables for modelling are (i) crossing the road at places other than at a nearby (distance less than 30 m) designated pedestrian crossing and (ii) crossing the road when a pedestrian light is red. Several statistical relationships were discovered correlating these unsafe self-declared behaviours with numerous explanatory variables (and additionally five latent variables in the SEM). The mixed binary logistic regression models revealed statistically significant random intercepts for the explanatory variables of (i) self-reported remaining calm in traffic (for both dependent variables) and (ii) self-reported respecting of traffic regulations (for crossing in places other than pedestrian crossings). From the SEM, a positive statistically significant covariance of the two dependent variables was discovered, revealing that a pedestrian who will engage more frequently in crossing the road with red pedestrian light is more likely to also engage in crossing the road at places other than at a nearby pedestrian crossing. Lastly, recommendations that could enhance pedestrians' safety, such as educational campaigns or infrastructure interventions are provided.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47911591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A revise on using surrogate safety measures for rear-end crashes","authors":"Akram Mazaheri ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Saffarzadeh ,&nbsp;Navid Nadimi ,&nbsp;Seyed Saber Naseralavi","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Traffic safety is among the most serious topics of transportation engineering studies. Different methods have been proposed for safety evaluations. Applying surrogate safety measures (SSM) to predict the crash likelihood and severity is a relatively new approach, which needs microscopic traffic data instead of crash data. Numerous SSMs have been introduced in the literature. Now, it is somehow hard to decide about the selection of suitable SSMs for safety assessments based on microscopic traffic data. In this paper, first a review on SSMs relating to rear-end conflicts introduced in the high-quality papers is done. Then, with the help of microscopic traffic data of NGSIM in I-80 freeway, SSMs are calculated for each car-following scenario. Because of the diversity of SSMs and contradicting results it was tried to propose a method for combining the results of these indicators to report one number as the rear-end collision risk. The efficiency of the new indicator is evaluated in comparison to individual SSMs. The proposed methodology can be beneficial to improve the efficiency of In-vehicle collision avoidance warning system (IVCAWS) and enhancing highway safety evaluations based on SSMs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44840488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of COVID-19 impact on users' perception for transport modes choice in India","authors":"Shalini Rankavat ,&nbsp;Ananya Reddy Gurram ,&nbsp;Digvijay S. Pawar ,&nbsp;Vivek Kushwaha","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the transportation sector, leading to a change in travel behavior. One of the most important responses of countries worldwide to slow the spread of the pandemic has been to restrict the movement of people, which has had a considerable effect on transport systems and is likely to affect the modal choices of commuters. The social and economic effects of the COVID-19 epidemic on public transportation encompass beyond service performance and health risks to social equity, financial viability, and sustainable mobility. To assess the likely nature of such a shift, this study attempts to understand mode choice based on the perception of commuters for their work and non-work trips after the lockdown phase due to COVID-19. The Multinomial Logit Model was used in this study to find the association of mode choice with health-related safety perceptions of commuters for private and public transport, and their socio-economic and travel characteristics. Mode choice for private transport was found for work trips, whereas non-motorized transport for non-work (shopping, leisure, etc.) trips up to a distance of 10 km. The model results showed that significant factors for the increase in the usage of private transport and non-motorized transport relative to public transport were physical distancing and hygiene. This study provides results for future transportation policies in the post-COVID period. The results, like emerging positive perceptions of non-motorized modes, are very useful for making better investments in the country to promote sustainable transportation and articulating solutions to address high-risk perceptions associated with public transport modes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46816161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultraviolet sterilization information provision system of baggage carts and arriving baggage for airports","authors":"Tetsuya Manabe ,&nbsp;Kazuo Mizuno ,&nbsp;Keisuke Hatano ,&nbsp;Masahiko Kaneko ,&nbsp;Mai Inoue ,&nbsp;Masatoshi Nomura ,&nbsp;Shunsuke Kamijo","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2022.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2022.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we develop a system to provide information on the sterilization of baggage carts and arriving passenger baggage to airport (Hereafter referred as arrival baggage) by using ultraviolet (UV) sterilization and information communication technology as border quarantine measures at airports. This system sterilizes arrival baggage and baggage carts by UV irradiation, and allows passengers to easily view the sterilization information recognized by radio frequency indentation technology. This is to provide safety and security not only to passengers, but also to staff, who may come into direct contact with the arrival baggage, of airport, airline, customs, and so on. In addition, the passengers can be provided with baggage tracking information, such as the current location and estimated delivering time of the baggage. This makes it possible to keep social distancing at baggage claims as an infection prevention. Furthermore, we verify the feasibility of the developed system and identify the issues to be addressed for its practical application through a demonstration of proof of concept at Central Japan International Airport.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45840746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}