IATSS Research最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of road transportation measures for global net-zero emissions considering comprehensive energy systems","authors":"Keigo Akimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many countries are seeking to achieve net-zero carbon dioxide emissions by 2050. Electrification is a key measure for achieving this goal in all sectors, including the transport sector. Meanwhile, there are several emission reduction options in the road transport sector for achieving net-zero emissions when entire energy systems are considered. It is important to consider entire energy systems not only in the transport sector, but also in the energy supply sectors, including emission offset measures of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) under several conditions of energy supply and transport constraints. This article presents the assessment of scenarios estimated by a global energy systems model—the DNE21+ model—that describes detailed technologies considering differences among regions/countries, followed by the comparative evaluation of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), International Energy Agency, and BP scenarios. Hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles could also be cost-effective, even under the net-zero world, thanks to the emission offset of CDR under the scenarios with the costs and potentials of CDR which are consistent with the IPCC scenarios and broadly reviewed future costs of direct air capture (DAC) which is one of the CDR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47046253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Day-to-night image translation via transfer learning to keep semantic information for driving simulator","authors":"Jinho Lee ,&nbsp;Daiki Shiotsuka ,&nbsp;Geonkyu Bang ,&nbsp;Yuki Endo ,&nbsp;Toshiaki Nishimori ,&nbsp;Kenta Nakao ,&nbsp;Shunsuke Kamijo","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recently, autonomous driving technologies require robust perception performance through deep learning with huge data and annotations. To guarantee performance, perception accuracy should be robust even in nighttime. However, lots of perception technologies perform poorly with nighttime data. It is because most current datasets with annotation are composed of daytime scenes and there are few datasets for adverse conditions especially in nighttime. A massive cost of human resources and time is required to collect large amounts of data with annotation. To deal with the upper problem, many image translation methods by Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are proposed to generate realistic synthetic data. However, there is a significant limitation in traditional image translation methods. It is that generated images are inconsistent on semantic information to their original images. To handle this limitation, we propose an image translation with applying transfer learning to keep semantic information. There are two steps to train the proposed network. First, the segmentation network is trained on the source domain, i.e., daytime. After that, we transfer the pretrained segmentation weights to the encoder of generator and retrain only the decoder of GANs for day-to-night image translation. Experimental results show that the proposed method can generate more semantic consistent nighttime images than traditional studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45199255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current status of climate change education and suggestions for its integrative development in Japan","authors":"Masahisa Sato ,&nbsp;Yuto Kitamura","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents proposals for the expansion, improvement, and integrative development of Climate Change Education (CCE) in Japan. It provides an overview of CCE-related initiatives by the international community. In particular, we examine (1) how CCE was positioned within the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (DESD) 2005–2014 and international DESD programs; (2) how education, training, and awareness raising are positioned within policy measures concerning climate change adaptation and mitigation, as represented by those adopted by the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC); and (3) the significance of CCE, which covers the two aspects building “the world we want (UNDG, 2013), and responding to a “risk society (Beck, 1986).” Furthermore, it reviews international trends in research on CCE to understand the current status of CCE research in Japan.</p><p>For the case analysis, the study discusses CCE, using mobility (transportation) as an example area, with an eye to the future expansion and improvement of CCE in Japan, while referring to three integrative problem-solving models. We highlight the importance of the construction of a social ecosystem to the development of more widespread and effective CCE. Encouraging people to adopt responsible behavior is also essential and can be achieved by informing them of the clearly defined different dimensions of CCE. They are individual actors, systems, organizational structures, the public sphere, and daily life, and are based upon the integrative problem-solving models mentioned in this study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49722716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model of encroachment into opposite lanes in horizontal curves of rural roads","authors":"Sajad Asadi Ghalehni ,&nbsp;Amin Mirza Boroujerdian","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Horizontal curves of rural roads are accident-prone segments of the route. Sharp curves, steep slopes, and reduced visibility due to the mountainous environment greatly affect the driver behavior and performance. Lane-keeping ability, which is quite crucial in head-on road collisions, is a lateral driver behavior examined in a number of previous studies. This study, which is aimed to examine the naturalistic behavior, has employed the “aerial video recording” to investigate the drivers' lane-keeping ability in horizontal curves.</p><p>To address the risk of encroachment (enc) into the opposite lane, this paper has developed a logistic regression model to predict the probability of a head-on collision with an enc &gt; 0 cm threshold by exploring the relationships between road features (geometric, traffic, pavement conditions, etc.) and driver encroachment into the opposite lane. To this end, use was made of the data of 785 vehicles in 11 horizontal curves (in Kashmar-Neyshabor and Siahkal-Deylam mountainous routes) with radii in the 30–150 (m) range, deflection angles in the 80°-150° range, and slopes in the 0–8% range. The explanatory variables used in the model included the start point position (sp), road slope (Gr), sufficient stopping sight distance (Sd) and difference between the posted and vehicle speeds in mid-curves (DPS). According to the results, speeding and curve rising of 70° increased the encroachment probability, and steep upgrades exacerbated it; at a sufficient stopping sight distance, it reached 85%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45466342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hotspot analysis of single-vehicle lane departure crashes in North Dakota","authors":"Ihsan Ullah Khan ,&nbsp;Kimberly Vachal ,&nbsp;Sajad Ebrahimi ,&nbsp;Satpal Singh Wadhwa","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2022.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2022.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>According to the North Dakota Department of Transportation (NDDOT), 90% of the state's fatal lane departure crashes between 2015 and 2019 occurred on rural roads. Of these, 77% were single-vehicle events. The objective here was to identify relatively high-risk areas on the rural road system. Spatial analysis techniques were explored as a beneficial tool in resource allocations aimed at single-vehicle crash prevention. Hotspot identification techniques, including Global Moran's I, local Moran's I, network kernel density estimation (NetKDE), and emerging hotspot analysis were employed. While the Global Moran's I index indicated the existence of crash clustering, the local Moran's I statistic revealed hot and cold spots in the state. The NetKDE approach was used to quantify crash clusters and prioritize locations. Results from NetKDE defined boundaries for each cluster in terms of density values embedded in the roadway. Emerging hotspot analysis evaluated the hot and cold spots with respect to time. This study will provide valuable insight and help decision makers to make more informed decisions with respect to education, enforcement and infrastructure strategies aimed at preventing single-vehicle lane departure crashes. Although limited to a narrow crash type in one state, this approach can inform other jurisdictions seeking to empirically visualize hotspots and more effectively deploy traffic safety strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49588243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Which not-at-fault crashes are unavoidable by using current active safety technology?","authors":"Roni Utriainen ,&nbsp;Tapio Koisaari ,&nbsp;Timo Kari ,&nbsp;Heidi Heikkilä","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous research has focused on analysing crash reduction potential of active safety technology in at-fault passenger cars, but only a few studies have examined counterparties' possibilities to avoid collisions by using advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). This study quantified the incidence of fatal not-at-fault passenger car crashes that current ADAS (up to SAE level 2) would be unable to avoid. We used data taken from in-depth investigated fatal crashes in which a passenger car was involved, that car having been first registered during the period 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2017 in Finland. The evaluation of unavoidable crashes consisted of two evaluation rounds. The preliminary evaluation round identified potential active safety systems that could have operated in the studied cases. In the following round, we made a five-level case-by-case analysis including a time headway analysis in order to evaluate the possibilities for crash avoidance. The crash data included 63 fatal crashes, of which five were excluded because the death was due to a sudden illness attack. The remaining 58 crashes were classified as follows: probably unavoidable (<em>n</em> = 51), avoidable (<em>n</em> = 3), and unclear (<em>n</em> = 4). The crash incidence of the unavoidable not-at-fault party crashes was 0.67–0.73 fatal crashes per billion kilometers and 14–15 fatal crashes per million registration years. The results indicate that current active safety systems may be able to prevent not-at-fault party fatal crashes only in a few cases and that the driver's role in road safety remains important despite the deployment of the active safety systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45140788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Texting and crossing: An extended theory of planned behaviour to model the psychological and demographic factors related to pedestrians' use of cell phone for texting at crosswalks in developing country","authors":"Aditya Saxena","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The distraction of road users is one of the leading causes of road crashes. In general, distraction in road crashes is often associated with only driving, not walking, however, several studies have highlighted distracted walking as a major cause for road crashes and have also examined distracted walking behaviour and its causes, but there is a paucity of such kind of literature in the context of developing or low-income countries, such as India. This study sought to fill this gap by examining factors that influence pedestrians' use of cell phones for texting while crossing the roads in the city of Bhopal, India. In the present study analysis of psychological factors and socio-economic factors that contribute to distracted walking/crossing was analysed using an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM), this study confirmed the validity of items under each factor of the TPB and then employed SEM to investigate the relationship between the latent variables (attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behaviour control), and demographic characteristics (age, income, and gender) of pedestrians with their intention to text while crossing the street. The results obtained from SEM indicated that the intention to use cell phones for texting at crosswalks was negatively impacted by age, and positively impacted by income level. A significant influence of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behaviour control was found on the intention to use cell phones. Perceived behaviour control (PBC) was found as the most influential factor for predicting pedestrian intentions to use cell phones, followed by Subjective norms (SN). In addition, perceived behaviour control and the intention to use a cell phone also significantly affected crossing behaviour. The findings from the present study can significantly contribute to enhancing pedestrian safety in transportation research, and a better understanding of the factors contributing to pedestrian fatalities could lead towards safe system approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44710114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling of motorcyclists' risky behaviour at an urban T-junction using generalised linear model: An exploratory study","authors":"Noor Azreena Kamaluddin ,&nbsp;Carmelo D'Agostino ,&nbsp;Aliaksei Laureshyn ,&nbsp;András Várhelyi","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Motorcyclists represent the greatest share of recorded traffic crashes and fatalities in Malaysia. The association between motorcyclists' behaviour and traffic conflict occurrence was assessed at a typical stop-regulated T-Junction in an urban area of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Traffic activities were filmed over four months and the behaviour of motorcyclists entering the main road from the minor road was observed from recorded video sequences. Situations ending in a traffic conflict were compared to similar interactive situations not ending with a conflict. In total, 447 sets of interactions of motorcyclists and other motorists at the T-Junction were analysed where 242 interactions ended in conflicts (three of them ended with traffic crashes). The generalised linear model with a binomial response and link logit was adopted to assess the association of motorcyclists' behavioural variables with the probability of conflict occurrence. The significant behavioural variables were classified into categories according to the statistical variation of the value they can assume in the dataset. The motorcyclist's entering angle was the most significant contributory factor in the probability of traffic conflict. The findings can be helpful in deciding on road safety countermeasures. The results could feed into the decisions of policymakers to structure the education and licensing process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48547809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring senior motorcyclist injury severity crashes: Random parameter model with heterogeneity in mean and variance","authors":"Hamsa Zubaidi ,&nbsp;Reuben Tamakloe ,&nbsp;Nabeel Saleem Saad Al-Bdairi ,&nbsp;Ali Alnedawi ,&nbsp;Ihsan Obaid","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2022.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2022.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The fatality rates of motorcyclists are substantially higher than for passenger car occupants per registered vehicle and vehicle miles traveled. There is limited information regarding the contributing factors associated with motorcycle injury severity among senior riders (≥65 years). Therefore, random parameter logit models with heterogeneity in mean and variance were developed based on seven years (2012–2018) crashes database at two different locations, intersection and non-intersection roadways in Florida. About 30 indicator variables were significant for both intersection and non-intersection crashes and were categorized under the driver, temporal, spatial, roadway, and other characteristics, driver action, and crash type. Several factors were found to impact the fatal injuries at the intersection directly, and no intersection crashes. However, speeding, dark, and morning crashes are shared by both locations. This paper highlights the importance of considering a specific crash location during the analysis to minimize any possible erroneous and unreliable countermeasures. Various countermeasures were proposed to assist the safety authorities and policymakers to mitigate the senior motorcyclist injury severities related to crashes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41871338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pedestrian safety attitudes and self-declared behaviour in Greece","authors":"Dimitrios Nikolaou,&nbsp;Alexandros Ntontis,&nbsp;Eva Michelaraki,&nbsp;Apostolos Ziakopoulos,&nbsp;George Yannis","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2022.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2022.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent decades, remarkable improvements in road safety have been achieved in the form of reductions of crash numbers. However, the improvement of vulnerable road users' safe mobility has not been as consistent, especially for pedestrians. The objective of this research is to examine the relationship of pedestrian safety attitudes and self-declared behaviour in Greece. To fulfil this objective, two mixed effects binary logistic regression models and a Structural Equation Model (SEM) were developed using data from the ESRA2 survey. The two selected dependent variables for modelling are (i) crossing the road at places other than at a nearby (distance less than 30 m) designated pedestrian crossing and (ii) crossing the road when a pedestrian light is red. Several statistical relationships were discovered correlating these unsafe self-declared behaviours with numerous explanatory variables (and additionally five latent variables in the SEM). The mixed binary logistic regression models revealed statistically significant random intercepts for the explanatory variables of (i) self-reported remaining calm in traffic (for both dependent variables) and (ii) self-reported respecting of traffic regulations (for crossing in places other than pedestrian crossings). From the SEM, a positive statistically significant covariance of the two dependent variables was discovered, revealing that a pedestrian who will engage more frequently in crossing the road with red pedestrian light is more likely to also engage in crossing the road at places other than at a nearby pedestrian crossing. Lastly, recommendations that could enhance pedestrians' safety, such as educational campaigns or infrastructure interventions are provided.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47911591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}