IATSS Research最新文献

{"title":"Collection duration of driving tracking data of older drivers","authors":"Misako Yamagishi","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driving tracking, or the observation of actual and naturalistic driving, is an effective approach for understanding and assessing the driving behaviors of older drivers. However, limited information is available regarding the effects of data collection duration on the characteristics of driving behavior. This study examined how different data collection durations (2 weeks and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months) influence older drivers' long-term driving behavior, specifically rapid deceleration events (RDEs). Analysis of the varying durations revealed common tendencies related to low-mileage bias (LMB) as well as differences in the likelihood of RDE occurrence. These factors were incorporated into predictive models, with values estimated using negative binomial regression across the different data collection durations. The results indicated that the characteristics of driving behavior differ between short-term (2 weeks and 1 month) and long-term (3, 6, and 12 months) data collection. Finally, this study provides insights into establishing a methodology for tracking driving behavior in older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 410-417"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An investigation of truck drivers' behaviour before and during real-world advanced emergency braking system interventions","authors":"Ron Schindler ,&nbsp;Giulio Bianchi Piccinini ,&nbsp;Laurent Decoster","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advanced emergency braking systems (AEBS) aim to address rear-end collisions, which are the most common crash type involving heavy good vehicles. Although previous studies have investigated the safety benefits introduced by AEBS, there is a lack of research exploring drivers' behaviour before and after AEBS interventions. In this paper, we analyzed 6-s long event-triggered naturalistic driving data, collected from heavy goods vehicles every time an AEBS braking intervention occurred, either as preliminary mitigation braking (pMB) or full mitigation braking (MB). The analyses focused on rear-end critical situations in which the drivers did not brake before a collision warning (CW) or a mitigation braking was triggered by the system. The rear-end critical situations encompassed scenarios where the lead vehicle was the same for the whole duration of the event.</div><div>The results show that full mitigation braking are rare events, occurring in approximately 5 % of the complete dataset. Besides, drivers of heavy goods vehicles are in 75 % of the cases already braking before the intervention of CW. Analyzing in detail a restricted number of interventions from CW and MB, it was found that drivers are keeping headway shorter than 1 s in 44.4 % and 53.6 % of the cases respectively. The annotations performed on the restricted dataset indicate that the drivers were “out of the loop” in 57.3 % of CW interventions and 65 % of MB interventions. However, this finding should be taken with caution, due to the lack of video recordings: in fact, the lack of a fast drivers' response could also be an indication of overtrust in the system or a sign of the drivers assessing the situation as not enough critical to require a braking. Further naturalistic driving studies with increased data frequency and availability of video data are recommended to investigate deeper on this matter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 418-424"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring cross-national variations in traffic safety culture: Insights into mobile phone use and shared beliefs across 31 countries","authors":"Uta Meesmann ,&nbsp;Carlos Pires ,&nbsp;Naomi Wardenier ,&nbsp;Mario Cools","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates cross-national differences in <em>Traffic Safety Culture</em> (TSC) by examining self-reported mobile phone use while driving across 31 countries. Using data from the third edition of the E-Survey of Road Users' Attitudes (ESRA3), collected in 2023, this research explores how socio-cognitive constructs, including <em>norms</em>, <em>perceived behavioural control</em> (PBC), <em>attitude</em>, and <em>intention,</em> influence drivers' mobile phone use while driving. Linear regression models are applied at both cross-national and national levels to understand the predictive strength of these constructs. Results indicate that socio-cognitive beliefs significantly explain variations in self-reported mobile phone use while driving, accounting for 37–63 % of the observed variance. <em>Norms</em> emerge as the strongest predictor, followed by <em>PBC</em>, <em>attitude</em>, and <em>intention</em>, with substantial differences in effect size across countries. These findings underscore the role of cultural and psychological factors in shaping unsafe driving behaviours, offering insights for tailored interventions that address specific socio-cognitive aspects of high-risk drivers, which can be used to design road safety campaigns or education programs more effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 399-409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrastructure use and related safety feeling of different road user types globally","authors":"George Yannis ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Nikolaou ,&nbsp;Konstantinos Kaselouris ,&nbsp;Gerald Furian","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Road crashes are a complex phenomenon affected by several parameters that can be categorized into three distinct aspects: road users, vehicles, and road infrastructure. Effective infrastructure enhances safety, accessibility and transportation efficiency. The objective of this paper is to investigate trends in road infrastructure usage and safety perceptions among car drivers and vulnerable road users across different types of roads worldwide. For the study, data from the third edition of the E-Survey on Road Users' Attitudes (ESRA3), conducted in 2023 and covering 39 countries from 5 continents, were utilized. The results revealed that car drivers in Europe have the highest usage of inter-city motorways, while America leads in using thoroughfares and high-speed roads within cities. Moreover, in Europe, rural roads and roads connecting towns and villages are heavily utilized. Moped riders and motorcyclists frequently use urban thoroughfares, especially in America and Europe, whereas cyclists and pedestrians show the highest usage of urban roads with dedicated infrastructure, such as cycle lanes and sidewalks, respectively. Car drivers generally perceive inter-city motorways as relatively safe, while moped riders and motorcyclists perceive thoroughfares within cities as safer in America, compared to Asia-Oceania. Similarly, cyclists express higher safety perceptions on urban roads with cycle lanes, particularly in Europe, and pedestrians consistently feel safest on urban streets and roads with sidewalks. Furthermore, moderate to weak linear relationships were discovered between the perceived safety of road infrastructure and road fatality rates, as well as between the perceived safety of road infrastructure and Gross Domestic Product. Lastly, recommendations for enhancing infrastructure safety, such as road maintenance and upgrades, are provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 387-398"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the road network structure and its impact on road traffic crashes: A Bayesian CAR modelling approach","authors":"Mehraab Nazir,&nbsp;Sai Chand,&nbsp;Rahul Goel","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Road traffic crashes (RTCs) are a major cause of fatalities worldwide. However, the influence of the road network structure on RTCs has not been adequately explored. Furthermore, methodologies employed in earlier studies to quantify road networks have often relied on visual inspection, which is both subjective and impractical. Therefore, this study aimed to address these gaps by (1) utilizing graph theory metrics to quantify the road network structure and (2) developing a statistical model to determine how various characteristics of the network structure—such as connectivity, density, complexity and centrality—are correlated with RTCs while accounting for over-dispersion and spatial auto-correlation. Using a Bayesian conditional auto-regressive model, a spatial analysis of fatal RTCs was conducted at the ward level in Delhi, India. The findings demonstrated a significant positive association between road network connectivity and fatal crash risk. Areas with a higher density of intersections involving major roads were linked to a greater number of fatal crashes. Furthermore, areas with a higher number of intersections deviating from the typical 90-degree angle (higher skewness) were associated with a higher incidence of fatal RTCs. Conversely, an efficient network structure (lower circuitry) and higher network centrality were negatively correlated with fatal RTCs. In addition, wards with a mix of higher-category and lower-category roads (increased entropy) faced an increased risk of fatal crashes. In summary, this study underscores the significant impact of network structure on road safety outcomes. Based on the findings, the study offers policy recommendations for developing targeted road safety measures to address the issues identified via network analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 374-386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating child restraint system (CRS) adoption and policy interventions worldwide: a review","authors":"Mohamed Ahmed Al-Awad ,&nbsp;Mohamed Kharbeche ,&nbsp;Faris Tarlochan","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global disparity in Child Restraint System (CRS) adoption contributes directly to variations in road traffic mortality and morbidity among children. Despite the proven effectiveness of CRS in reducing harm, its adoption remains inconsistent across regions due to socio-economic, legislative, and cultural factors. This review evaluates global CRS adoption rates, identifies barriers to effective utilization, and explores interventions to enhance usage and legislative compliance, ultimately proposing strategies to improve child passenger safety.</div><div>A total of 93 articles published between 2013 and 2024 were reviewed, with a focus on CRS usage and intervention patterns, the effectiveness of interventions, and legislative impact across high, middle, and low-income countries.</div><div>The review highlights a significant gap in CRS usage between high-income and low to middle-income countries, with affordability, lack of awareness, and inadequate legislation as primary barriers. High-income regions showed better adherence but struggled with proper installation and misuse. Intervention strategies, including legislation, public education, and economic incentives, showed varying success in improving CRS adoption.</div><div>Enhancing global CRS usage requires stringent legislation, comprehensive campaigns, economic support, and innovative technological solutions. Tailored strategies that account for regional socio-economic and cultural norms are essential to achieve widespread adoption and proper CRS use, ultimately reducing child passenger fatalities and injuries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 362-373"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new paradigm in driving comfort measurement: Environment-specific comfort index and its real-time application in Indian context","authors":"Ishita Sar ,&nbsp;Soumitra Kundu ,&nbsp;Aurobinda Routray ,&nbsp;Biswajit Mahanty","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driving comfort assessment is a prerequisite to improve the journey experience for the drivers as well as the passengers. In this work, we proposed an advanced approach for the measurement of driving comfort in real-time. Different types of environmental features are considered along with the traditionally used Comfort Index (CI), and an Environment-specific Comfort Index (EsCI) is proposed. EsCI is also inversely proportional to the drivers' comfort level, just like CI. We also developed an android application named QDCL (Quantification of Driver Comfort Level) for overall data collection and computation of EsCI from the same. A series of driving experiments at different times of the day and different traffic conditions have been performed in Indian urban road scenarios to assess the performance of QDCL and the relevance of EsCI. We extended the work by studying the effects of different external stimuli on the computed driving comfort level. The performance of EsCI is observed to outperform the traditionally used CI (Comfort Index) in terms of accuracy for the quantification of overall driving comfort.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 353-361"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on spatial exploration of elderly drivers at unsignalized intersections considering road and traffic conditions and driver's physical function","authors":"Yasuhiro Mimura ,&nbsp;Keiichi Higuchi ,&nbsp;Misako Yamagishi ,&nbsp;Ryo Ito","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unsignalized intersections require more diverse and appropriate physical functions than signalized intersections because traffic is not controlled, and more objects and broader areas must be checked. Elderly drivers may lack adequate physical functions, leading to inadequate spatial exploration and missed recognition, resulting in accidents. This study aims to clarify the spatial exploration behavior of elderly drivers when passing through unsignalized intersections, considering road conditions, traffic conditions, and drivers' physical functions. Participants (<em>n</em> = 62) whose physical function was measured were asked to watch an entry video of 10 intersections using a head-mounted display with eye-tracking function, and the average angular velocity during the viewing was measured. Factorial analysis on spatial exploration showed that the elderly group did not exhibit greater spatial exploration at intersections with acute angles compared to other age groups, even considering physical function effects and traffic conditions through the linear mixed model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 314-323"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring road safety performance and culture: A comparative study of 39 countries","authors":"Carlos Pires ,&nbsp;Uta Meesmann ,&nbsp;Alain Areal ,&nbsp;Naomi Wardenier ,&nbsp;Marie-Axelle Granié ,&nbsp;Gerald Furian ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Nikolaou ,&nbsp;Dagmara Jankowska-Karpa ,&nbsp;Craig Lyon ,&nbsp;Mette Møller ,&nbsp;Fabian Surges ,&nbsp;Hideki Nakamura ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Stelling","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring of road safety performance is essential to effectively address the global road safety problem. Consistent and accurate monitoring allows policymakers to assess the effectiveness of current safety measures, identify emerging risk factors, and develop targeted interventions. Different key performance indicators can be used to monitor road safety performance. In addition to the traditional road safety indicators based on the number of fatalities or injured people in road traffic crashes, complementary road safety performance indicators can be used in relation to vehicles, infrastructure or road users' behaviour.</div><div>The <em>E</em>-Survey of Road Users' Attitudes (ESRA) is an online survey that aims to collect and analyse comparable data on road safety performance and traffic safety culture across the world. In its three editions (from 2015 to 2023) ESRA has included data from more than 120,000 road users from a total of 68 different countries. This paper focuses on data from the third edition of the ESRA survey (ESRA3), which was conducted in 2023 across 39 countries and includes answers from over 37,000 road users. The objectives are to provide an overview of the ESRA3 survey methodology and to present results related to several road safety topics, such as drink-driving, speeding, or distraction, across different types of road users: car drivers, pedestrians, cyclists, and moped riders/motorcyclists. It examines multiple dimensions of risky behaviours in traffic, including self-declared behaviours, personal acceptability of unsafe behaviours, and support for policy measures.</div><div>Results show low acceptability of unsafe traffic behaviours like speeding, drink-driving, fatigued driving or using a mobile phone while driving a car – less than 5 % of respondents considered these behaviours acceptable. Notwithstanding the low acceptability, a high percentage of car drivers declared engaging in risky behaviours in traffic: speeding within built-up areas was declared by 37 % to 47 % of car drivers, using a mobile phone by 22 % to 32 %, fatigued driving by 18 % to 20 %, and driving under the influence of alcohol by 10 % to 14 %. As for vulnerable road users, distraction (reading messages/checking social media or listening to music through headphones) was the most declared risky behaviour by pedestrians, the non-use of helmet the most declared by cyclists, and speeding the most declared by moped riders and motorcyclists. Most respondents support policy measures to restrict risky behaviour.</div><div>The ESRA survey offers a unique database and provides policy makers and researchers with valuable insights into public perception of road safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 335-352"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender differences in drivers' road risks and gender equality policies: A gender paradox? Comparative analysis of 39 countries","authors":"Marie-Axelle Granié ,&nbsp;Julie Devif ,&nbsp;Nathalie Moreau ,&nbsp;Shirley Delannoy","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gender is an acknowledge factor in road traffic fatalities, with men far more likely to die in road traffic crashes than women. This study aims to determine whether gender differences in drivers' self-reported risk behaviours and psychosocial factors vary by country's gender equality policies. Using the third edition of the <em>E</em>-Survey of Road users' Attitudes database, we analysed gender differences in the behaviour and attitudes of 16,031 frequent drivers (54.46 % men) surveyed via an online questionnaire in 39 countries. We characterised these countries according to their level on the World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Index and its four sub-indices (economic, education, health and political). We analysed differences by driver gender, levels of the gender gap indices and their interactions, on reported behaviour, social and personal acceptability, self-efficacy, risk perception, support for road safety policies and perceived deterrence, controlling for driver age and country income level. The results show that men drivers tend to have riskier behaviours, attitudes and perceptions than women drivers, regardless of the level of gender equality in the countries studied. They also show that gender equality policies seem to increase the risky behaviours and attitudes of men and women drivers in the sample. Furthermore, greater gender policies do not appear to reduce gender differences in these psychological constructs. In particular, high levels of equality in the economic, educational and health seems to reinforce gender differences in attitudes and perceptions related to risky driving behaviour. We discuss this gender paradox as a result of the essentialisation of gender stereotypes and the impact of safety culture on men and women. These findings may be useful, particularly in a safe system approach to road safety, for better framing road safety campaigns and education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 291-304"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}