IATSS Research最新文献

{"title":"Improving urban intersection safety insights from simulation analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research explores enhancing intersection safety, a critical aspect of urban traffic management, by analyzing the effects of infrastructure modifications and understanding driver behavior. Centered on a critical junction near Sichon Municipality, the study evaluates three proposed redesign scenarios using the VISSIM simulation tool and the Safety Surrogate Assessment Model (SSAM). These scenarios include the implementation of a roundabout with guidance feature (Model 2), the introduction of a dumbbell-shaped roundabout (Model 3), and the construction of a roundabout without turning points (Model 4). Findings suggest that Models 2 and 4, which incorporate roundabouts, can reduce conflict points, potentially decreasing traffic collisions. However, these models also indicate possible increases in travel times and queue lengths, highlighting the trade-offs between enhancing safety and maintaining traffic efficiency. An in-depth analysis of Deltas (ΔS) values through Optimized Hot Spot Analysis reveals areas with high and low collision severity, providing direction for targeted safety measures. The study demonstrates the complex effects of intersection redesigns on safety and traffic flow. For instance, Model 3 shows increased conflict points, emphasizing the need for specific design considerations to counteract potential negative impacts. Conversely, Model 4 achieves streamlined traffic flow but necessitates careful design to prevent new safety risks. This research underscores the need for a comprehensive approach to intersection safety that combines infrastructure improvements with insights into driver behavior. By utilizing advanced simulation tools and analyzing driving behavior, the study contributes valuable insights towards designing and assessing traffic safety interventions, aiming for safer and more efficient urban traffic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with speeding behavior of Moroccan drivers: Study guided by the theory of planned behavior","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the determinants that influence drivers to exceed speed limits by using an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Therefore, data about 254 drivers representing various cities in Morocco were collected via a web-based questionnaire. Then, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to validate the proposed questionnaire, while structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to analyze and validate the hypothesized model. The results suggest that the extended TPB, incorporating additional factors of habit, moral norms and descriptive norms, outperforms the original TPB. Moreover, the findings underscore that speeding behavior is directly influenced by both speeding intention and habit, and indirectly influenced by moral norms and habit through the mediation of intention. The result of this study will contribute to developing new behavior change interventions aiming at combating speeding behavior and also contributing to ongoing efforts aiming at promoting road safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is a Driver's history of drunk driving and other traffic offenses linked to subsequent drunk driving and traffic crashes? A case study of Taiwan.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crashes involving alcohol-impaired driving or driving under influence (DUI) are more likely to increase crash probability and severity. Many countries have adopted increasingly stringent policies in curbing DUI. Nevertheless, more and more studies show that while the total number of DUIs has reduced as a whole, DUI recidivism remains challenging. As such, this study seeks to research into whether it is possible to identify frequent DUI recidivists based on their traffic offense history, so that effective countermeasure could be put in place and in time. This study proposes using the drivers' traffic offense history and length of duration between two DUIs, the duration of re-offending, to identify frequent DUI recidivists. This approach is not only widely adopted in public health, but is also flexible in accommodating many modeling issues such as data censoring, recurrent events, and the inclusion of time-varying covariates to address questions like whether the probability of recidivism increases or decreases with subsequent DUI offenses or other traffic offenses or violations. Our major results show that: (1) For all drivers caught for a DUI, 10 % of them would be caught for another DUI within a year; (2) In contrast, the same one-year recidivism probability for those who accumulated two DUIs and two run-the-red-light could be as high as 17 %; (3) Each subsequent DUI increased the probability of a further DUI offense by 57 %; and (4) Each additional DUI offense was associated with 45 % increase in probability of being involved in a crash involving DUI. Overall, there are clear links between a driver's history of traffic offenses, DUI recidivism, and crash involvement, which could provide valuable information for authorities to profile potential recidivists and apply preventative measures in advance to reduce DUI-related crashes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the driving skills-attitudes nexus for safer roads","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While current research extensively delves into the importance of driving skills and attitudes concerning traffic safety, a conspicuous gap remains in substantiating a meaningful correlation between self-reported driving skills and attitudes toward traffic safety. This underscores the need for more in-depth investigation and empirical evidence to better elucidate the nature of the relationship between self-perceived driving skills and attitudes in the context of traffic safety. This study investigates the relationship between drivers' skills and their attitudes toward traffic safety. Data from 664 drivers were collected through self-report questionnaires covering driving skills, attitudes, and demographic information. Factor analysis revealed three distinct factors for both driving skills (perceptual-motor skills, safety skills, and decisional skills) and driving attitudes (attitudes toward rule violations and speeding, attitudes toward careless driving of others, and attitudes toward drinking and driving). Structural equation models unveiled a significant connection between drivers' attitudes and safety skills, as well as decisional skills. Improved safety skills correlated with less favorable attitudes toward rule violations, speeding, careless driving of others, and drinking and driving. Similarly, enhanced decisional skills were associated with a rise in attitudes toward rule violations, speeding, and disregarding careless driving of others. Demographic analysis indicated an inverse correlation between age and attitude factors/decisional skills, coupled with a positive correlation with safety skills. Older individuals had less favorable attitudes toward rule violation, speeding, careless driving of others, the combination of drinking and driving, and their decisional skills were lower. Gender analysis revealed that men had a lower favorable viewpoint toward all three attitude dimensions and reported higher perceptual-motor and decisional skills compared to safety skills. The findings underscore the significance of safety and decisional skills in shaping attitudes toward traffic safety. Demographic factors, particularly age and gender, play a role in influencing these skills and attitudes, offering valuable insights for interventions and policy considerations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward zero traffic deaths and disabilities with active and passive safety technologies in the association of southeast Asian nations","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Road traffic crashes caused more than 108,000 deaths and 6,200,000 injuries resulting in 7.7 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 2019. This study estimates that 59 % of these casualties could have been avoided if all vehicles were designed to provide crash protection equivalent to that of the best vehicle safety design in their class and all road users adhered to safety best practices. Results of comparative risk assessments indicate that the application of safety technologies that are considered high priority by the United Nations (anti-lock braking, electronic stability control, occupant restraints, frontal and side airbags, crashworthiness, side-door beam, side structure and padding, and helmets) can save 34,373 lives and avert 2.5 million DALYs annually in ASEAN. While implementing Autonomous emergency braking and lane keeping assistance systems would provide additional reductions estimated at 13,077 fewer deaths and 1,021,220 fewer DALYs, speed-limitation systems would have a larger additional benefit, estimated at 21,394 lives saved and 1,382,530 fewer DALYs. The investigated technologies can be among the best approaches toward zero traffic deaths and can elevate public health burdens in low and middle-income countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact analysis of street space quality on pedestrian behavior using mobile probe data","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pedestrian-centered streets are being developed to enhance the attractiveness of cities by creating comfortable and walkable spaces. Recent advancements in information and communication technology have allowed for the analysis of the relationship between street spaces and pedestrian behavior using mobile probe data (MPD). This study examined the characteristics of pedestrian behavior around major railway stations using MPD and assessed the impact of street space quality on pedestrian presence and traffic volume. This study utilized the integration value of the Space Syntax theory to measure the street walkability and the size of retail facilities to determine street attractiveness. The results suggested that street space quality played a conditional role in attracting pedestrians and increasing the traffic volume between stations and commercial areas. This analysis method is effective for identifying the streets where the street space between origins and destinations is underestimated in relation to traffic volume. This can facilitate efforts to convert streets into pedestrian-friendly spaces, thereby enhancing walkability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree-based approaches to understanding factors influencing crash severity across roadway classes: A Thailand case study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing studies often overlook the nuanced differences between various road classifications and their respective crash dynamics, hindering the development of targeted interventions to mitigate crash severity. To address this gap, this study investigates factors influencing the likelihood of fatality in road crashes across highways, collector roads, and local roads in Thailand using crash data from 2015 to 2021. Highways connect regions with high-speed traffic and large volumes, collector roads link smaller communities with lower traffic density but allow higher speeds, and local roads primarily pass through villages, with narrow pathways, two traffic lanes, and frequent motorcycle use. The study employs machine learning methodologies utilizing tree-based algorithms, including Decision Trees, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, AdaBoost, Extra Trees, XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost. The XGBoost model delivered superior performance for highways, while Gradient Boosting slightly outperformed XGBoost for local and collector roads. Both models consistently achieved a test accuracy of 0.70, with precision between 0.66 and 0.67, recall ranging from 0.59 to 0.61, and F1-scores from 0.58 to 0.61. The AUC values also consistently ranged from 0.59 to 0.61. SHAP values reveal key factors influencing fatality risk across road types, including speeding, gender disparities, driving under the influence of alcohol, inadequate lighting, and elderly drivers. Specific concerns include reversing on highways, collisions in poorly lit areas on collector roads, and helmet non-use on local roads. The findings support policy recommendations to address speeding, target male and older drivers, prevent reversing incidents, enhance lighting, and promote helmet use. This research deepens our understanding of factors affecting road crash severity and offers valuable insights for improving road safety across various environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution in Japan's legal system for ensuring traffic safety","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In Japan, the key pieces of legislations governing road safety, namely the Road Transport Vehicle Act and the Road Traffic Act, have been revised to tackle drunk driving and, recently, to allow the development of self-driving cars. Traffic safety on public roads depends on a holistic system of vehicle control and a graduated response to traffic violation. If small violations are dealt with via a simplified system of fines, drunk driving and other form of dangerous driving need a stronger response that also includes criminal incrimination. The other major evolution in traffic-safety law is the gradual introduction of legislation allowing self-driving cars. After reducing the obstacles to the operation of automated vehicles with technology comparable to SAE level 3 on public roads, legislation has recently introduced a system comprising three entities for SAE level 4 cars in order to safely transition to driverless traffic operation. However, the key concepts and definitions—even for terms as simple as the “driver” —still need to be reviewed and improved to better fit this futuristic mode of driving.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0386111224000384/pdfft?md5=eb2a103348d0801e73a559fb3cce8fec&pid=1-s2.0-S0386111224000384-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discomfort in pedestrian-electric scooter interactions during frontal approaches","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>As urban landscapes rapidly integrate e-scooters into their transportation ecosystems, understanding pedestrian-e-scooter interactions becomes paramount for safety and planning. This study investigates pedestrian discomfort levels and avoidance strategies when encountering an e-scooter approaching from the front.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>25 participants were exposed to e-scooters approaching at three different speeds and lateral distances. Avoidance paths were plotted, and subjective discomfort levels were recorded and analysed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our findings underscored two key behaviours: 1) As the speed of the e-scooter increased, participants initiated avoidance manoeuvres from a further distance ahead, suggesting a heightened perception of risk. 2) Regardless of the e-scooter's speed, the lateral distance maintained during passing remained fairly constant. However, when the e-scooter's initial lateral position was closer to participants, both the initiation distance for avoidance and the reported discomfort level increased noticeably.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings underscore the critical influence of lateral distance and e-scooter speed on pedestrian comfort and avoidance behaviour. These insights can guide urban planners and policymakers in designing safer and more efficient shared spaces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0386111224000426/pdfft?md5=d8802018a9654bf115634f96c6cd1ccc&pid=1-s2.0-S0386111224000426-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142150789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive view of factors influencing child passenger safety in low- and middle-income countries","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite the recent decline in child deaths caused by road traffic crashes in high income countries, low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) have yet to experience a similar trend. Children are among the most vulnerable of road users accounting for 30–40 % of all road traffic deaths in LMICs, 50 % of which are vehicle occupants. Previous research suggests that children ages 0–9 are the second most vulnerable age group in Ghana with 54 % of the children being fatally injured in injury-related crashes. However, little has been done to identify the associated factors influencing injury severity outcomes for child passengers in Ghana. This study investigates the factors that are associated with the various injury severity outcomes for child vehicle occupants less than 9 years old involved in road crashes in Ghana from 2014 to 2020. Results indicate that older child passengers (aged 5–8) were associated with lower injury severities compared to younger passengers. Additionally, crashes in which the driver sustained more severe injuries resulted in a higher likelihood of the child passengers sustaining a fatal injury. Findings from this research emphasize the issue of child passenger safety and support transportation policy and decision making to reduce risks of injury for child passengers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0386111224000438/pdfft?md5=565424c64ddc1a89dafd28475e749c4e&pid=1-s2.0-S0386111224000438-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142150788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}