IATSS Research最新文献

E-scooter crash severity in the United Kingdom: A comparative analysis using machine learning techniques and random parameters logit with heterogeneity in means and variances

IF 3.2

IATSS Research Pub Date : 2025-03-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.03.004

Ali Agheli , Kayvan Aghabayk , Matin Sadeghi , Subasish Das

{"title":"E-scooter crash severity in the United Kingdom: A comparative analysis using machine learning techniques and random parameters logit with heterogeneity in means and variances","authors":"Ali Agheli , Kayvan Aghabayk , Matin Sadeghi , Subasish Das","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing use of e-scooters in urban areas has raised safety concerns, necessitating research for effective safety interventions. This study analyzes three years of e-scooter crash data from the United Kingdom using statistical and machine learning methods to identify key factors influencing crash severity. We employed a random parameters logit model and investigated several machine learning algorithms, with XGBoost performing best. Analysis reveals that severe injuries are more likely in crashes involving senior riders, at night with lighting, and at T, staggered, or crossroad junctions. Further insights from the XGBoost-SHAP analysis and heterogeneity in means and variances of random parameters revealed nuanced patterns. While crashes involving female riders or crashes at give way or uncontrolled junctions typically have less severe outcomes, specific condition (young female riders or nighttime crashes at these junctions) intensify the risk of severe injuries. These insights advocate for tailored public policy adjustments and infrastructure enhancements to mitigate e-scooter risks, ensuring safer urban mobility for all demographics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 2","pages":"Pages 155-168"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study of psychological aspects of the safety culture of motorcyclists' behaviors in Indonesia's urban road traffic: Construction of road users' belief systems

IF 3.2

IATSS Research Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.03.002

Andrijanto , Makoto Itoh , Sunardy , Michael Jonathan

{"title":"Study of psychological aspects of the safety culture of motorcyclists' behaviors in Indonesia's urban road traffic: Construction of road users' belief systems","authors":"Andrijanto , Makoto Itoh , Sunardy , Michael Jonathan","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The poor development of traffic safety culture by road traffic organizations in Indonesia has caused motorcyclists to behave irresponsibly while driving. Consequently, some behaviors may cause conflict with other road users, which may affect traffic safety. Therefore, studying the beliefs of road users regarding motorcyclists' behavior can describe the psychological aspects of the safety culture in urban road traffic. In this study, we used the reciprocal safety culture model as a framework, by applying a behavioral-based safety program to investigate motorcyclists' critical behaviors in urban areas in Indonesia. Adapting Ward's transformation model of belief systems to a behavior, we approach the psychological aspects of the traffic safety culture by observing the relationship between motorcyclists' critical behaviors and belief systems. We explore the belief system of Ward's model using a driving safety questionnaire (DSQ) and a cause-effect questionnaire. By applying multiple linear regression to the DSQ results, we revealed six motorcyclist behaviors critical to safety that affect car drivers and pedestrians. Furthermore, we constructed the belief systems of these behaviors by investigating behavioral beliefs, attitudes, normative beliefs, perceived norms, perceived control, and control beliefs to reveal “what road users think” about motorcyclits' behaviors related to traffic safety culture in the urban area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 2","pages":"Pages 137-154"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unpacking the relationship between task complexity and driving risk: Insights from a UK on-road trial

IF 3.2

IATSS Research Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.03.003

Evita Papazikou , Rachel Talbot , Laurie Brown , Sally Maynard , Ashleigh Filtness

{"title":"Unpacking the relationship between task complexity and driving risk: Insights from a UK on-road trial","authors":"Evita Papazikou , Rachel Talbot , Laurie Brown , Sally Maynard , Ashleigh Filtness","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the intricate relationship between task complexity and driving risk through a comprehensive four-phase on-road trial conducted in the UK. Employing Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), the research illuminates the factors influencing task complexity and its association with risk, treating both as latent concepts—unobservable variables in the study. The findings reveal a notable positive correlation between task complexity and risk, particularly concerning the headway indicator. In essence, the study demonstrates that an escalation in task complexity corresponds to an increased level of risk.</div><div>Throughout the four SEM analyses performed across two waves of on-road trials, the time spent in each safety tolerance zone level for headway measurements emerges as a key indicator of the latent construct of risk in all phases. Notably, the variables constituting the latent concept of task complexity—those proven statistically significant—show slight variations across phases. Variables consistently significant across all phases include the number of right Lane Departure Warnings (LDWs) per 30 s and the day of the week.</div><div>The models reveal the feasibility of quantifying the risk-task complexity relationship in real-world driving settings. This study provides insights to inform efforts to mitigate risk exposure through design and training interventions, targeting the most predictive factors linked to task complexity. Driver demographics did not emerge as statistically significant, emphasising the need for a holistic approach to improve road safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 2","pages":"Pages 127-136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding psychological factors behind motorcyclists crossing behavior on undivided roads in mixed traffic conditions: A case study of Hau Giang, Vietnam

IF 3.2

IATSS Research Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.02.003

Hai Ngoc Duong , Minh Cong Chu , Nathan Huynh

{"title":"Understanding psychological factors behind motorcyclists crossing behavior on undivided roads in mixed traffic conditions: A case study of Hau Giang, Vietnam","authors":"Hai Ngoc Duong , Minh Cong Chu , Nathan Huynh","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Motorcycle crashes are a common occurrence in developing countries with mixed traffic. A contributing factor to these crashes is the crossing maneuvers of motorcyclists on undivided roadways. This study applies the Theory of Planned Behavior to understand the intentions and behaviors of these motorcyclists when making such maneuvers. It utilizes data from two surveys conducted in Hau Giang, Vietnam in 2022. The first investigation surveyed 351 participants to elicit the motorcyclists' behavioral beliefs and control beliefs when making crossing maneuvers that complied with traffic rules (complying maneuvers, CM), and the second investigation interviewed 260 respondents to elicit motorcyclists' beliefs when making crossing maneuvers that violated traffic rules (illegal maneuvers, IM). By applying the Structural Equation Modeling approach, the results reveal that the intention of motorcyclists to perform crossing maneuvers (CMs) is influenced by facilitating circumstances, subjective norms, and descriptive norms. In contrast, the intention to perform improper maneuvers (IMs) is driven by advantage beliefs, descriptive norms, facilitating circumstances, subjective norms, and driving situation awareness. Additionally, risk perception directly affects motorcyclists' performance of CMs, while near-miss incidents related to IMs are directly influenced by facilitating circumstances and perceived risk. These findings suggest that reducing improper maneuvers and promoting safer road-crossing performance can be achieved through targeted safety intervention strategies. Such strategies could include addressing the consequences of advantage beliefs regarding IMs and enhancing riders' situation awareness and risk perception through driver education and training programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 2","pages":"Pages 114-126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pedestrian gap acceptance behavior at unsignalized mid-block crossing under mixed traffic conditions

IF 3.2

IATSS Research Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.03.001

Satanan Piyalungka , Kunnawee Kanitpong , Ampol Karoonsoontawong

{"title":"Pedestrian gap acceptance behavior at unsignalized mid-block crossing under mixed traffic conditions","authors":"Satanan Piyalungka , Kunnawee Kanitpong , Ampol Karoonsoontawong","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Thailand, 68 % of pedestrian crashes on national highways in 2021 occurred when they were crossing the road. Pedestrians may encounter difficulties when deciding on the minimum safe gap to cross the road under diverse conditions, especially when the approaching vehicle sizes are different. Pedestrian safety is a crucial concern. This study analyzed the critical gap and dilemma zone for pedestrians crossing unsignalized mid-block crosswalks in Bangkok, Thailand, utilizing Raff's and logit methods. Multiple linear regression and binary logit regression models were developed to identify the factors affecting accepted gap size and gap acceptance behavior. Findings indicated that critical gaps and dilemma zones differed between two-lane and four-lane road sections, while the type of approaching vehicle had the strongest effect on accepted gap size. Pedestrians tended to accept smaller gaps when the approaching vehicle was a motorcycle. Several factors including yielding behavior, waiting time, age, crossing speed of pedestrians, and vehicle speed significantly influenced gap acceptance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 2","pages":"Pages 105-113"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of a two-way motorcycle lane to reduce traffic conflicts and their severity: A case study of Phaholyothin road, Thailand

IF 3.2

IATSS Research Pub Date : 2025-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.02.002

Harshana Senanayake, Kunnawee Kanitpong

{"title":"Assessment of a two-way motorcycle lane to reduce traffic conflicts and their severity: A case study of Phaholyothin road, Thailand","authors":"Harshana Senanayake, Kunnawee Kanitpong","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Thailand, traffic rule violations and crashes involving motorcycles have increased with the rising number of new motorcycle registrations. A common issue in Thai traffic is motorcyclists riding in the wrong direction. This research proposes a two-way motorcycle lane design to address the wrong-way riding behavior of motorcyclists in Thailand. The design aims to segregate motorcycles from larger vehicles, improving safety. Traffic simulation software was used to model a selected road section in Thailand, incorporating the wrong-way riding behavior. After calibration, the proposed two-way motorcycle lane design was simulated within the same network. Traffic conflicts in each network were analyzed using the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM). The safety of the proposed design was compared to the existing conditions and found to result in fewer severe conflicts, especially when priority is given to motorcycles at access points. The study also identified the most suitable width for the two-way motorcycle lane based on the safety assessment. For the motorcycle lane priority option, a 3-m lane width was found to be the safest, while for the option with priority given to vehicles on access roads, a 3.5-m lane width was identified as the safest design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages 93-103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Risk assessment and hybrid algorithm transportation path optimization model for road transport of dangerous goods

IF 3.2

IATSS Research Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.01.003

Qiankun Jiang , Haiyan Wang

{"title":"Risk assessment and hybrid algorithm transportation path optimization model for road transport of dangerous goods","authors":"Qiankun Jiang , Haiyan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current risk assessment methods for dangerous goods roads have the problem of being unable to cope with complex road conditions and the influence of multiple factors. This study extends 9 tertiary indicators from three secondary indicators: personnel factors, vehicle factors, and road factors, to evaluate the transportation risk of dangerous goods. After calculating the weights of each indicator, this study improves the parameters of the particle swarm algorithm using the aggregation and foraging behavior of artificial fish, and uses the improved algorithm to solve the optimal solution for the cost of dangerous goods road transportation. After experimental verification, the improved hybrid algorithm has optimized the path transportation time by 13.9 % compared to a single algorithm model. The total risk of simultaneously improving the algorithm was 0.8863, and the total transportation distance was 861 km, both lower than other algorithms. The comprehensive analysis shows that the established model is reasonable, and the designed improved hybrid algorithm can improve the efficiency of the transportation industry, while also contributing to the improvement of the current cost status of dangerous goods road transportation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages 72-80"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantifying the relationship between auditory distractions, reaction time, and crash probability

IF 3.2

IATSS Research Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.02.001

Rajesh Chouhan , Ashish Dhamaniya , A. Mohan Rao , Kamini Gupta

{"title":"Quantifying the relationship between auditory distractions, reaction time, and crash probability","authors":"Rajesh Chouhan , Ashish Dhamaniya , A. Mohan Rao , Kamini Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mobile phones and listening to music while driving have become increasingly common behaviors despite the known risks they pose. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of phone call and listening to music on drivers' reaction times and to assess how these distractions influence the probability of crashes. Seventy seven participants with different age groups and gender were tested for their reaction time under three different environmental conditions: Normal, listening to music, and talking on the phone. Further, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was used to collect traffic data on the National Highway, Signalized Intersection, and Toll Plaza. An automatic trajectory extraction tool was used to find the Time to Collision (TTC) values between different leader-follower pairs at all these locations. Reaction time variation under various testing conditions was plotted against the TTC values obtained from the field data to evaluate the real field accident probability. Under Normal condition, the average reaction times are 0.704 s for females and 0.727 s for males. With Music, the averages slightly increase to 0.743 s for females and 0.764 s for males. The Call condition shows a more pronounced effect, with average reaction times jumping to 0.800 s for females and 0.874 s for males. The study reveals that listening to music resulted in a 5.281 % increase in reaction time and a 10.57 % increase in crash probability compared to normal conditions. Being on a call had a much larger impact, resulting in an 18.47 % increase in reaction time and a 27.35 % increase in crash probability compared to normal conditions. These findings highlight the importance of avoiding distractions while driving and suggest that phone calls should be avoided while behind the wheel. The study can be used to develop policies regarding the use of mobile phones and also to compare accident risk across different traffic facilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages 60-71"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the potential of half-height platform screen doors to prevent personal injury accidents: Evidence from the Tokyo metropolitan area railway network

IF 3.2

IATSS Research Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.01.002

Akira Okada, Taku Oshima

{"title":"Assessing the potential of half-height platform screen doors to prevent personal injury accidents: Evidence from the Tokyo metropolitan area railway network","authors":"Akira Okada, Taku Oshima","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While railway travel in Japan is considered one of the safest modes of transportation, passengers on station platforms still face notable risks, including hundreds of injuries and fatalities caused annually due to passenger falls, track intrusions, and collisions with trains. In response, railway operators have been working to enhance platform safety through the installation of platform screen doors (PSDs), supported with subsidies from the Japanese government and guided by numerical targets set by the government to promote their widespread adoption and reduce personal injury accidents. As prior research has primarily focused on their impact on suicide prevention, the effectiveness of PSDs in preventing various types of personal injury accidents has received limited attention. In this study, we compiled data on railway personal injury accidents in the Tokyo metropolitan area from 2002 to 2018, classified by accident attributes, as well as data on passenger numbers and PSD installation periods. Using a fixed-effect Poisson model, we estimated the extent to which the installation of half-height PSDs reduced personal injury accidents. The results show that the installation of PSDs led to a statistically significant reduction (93.1 %) in platform accidents, and almost completely prevented fatal incidents. Although the relationship between passenger volumes and accident frequency was expected to be positive, the parameter for passenger numbers was not statistically significant in most models, possibly due to the limitations of the dataset collected before COVID-19. These findings underscore the potential of PSD installations not only in improving platform safety but also in prompting further analysis of their cost-effectiveness to guide future implementation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages 81-92"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Critical conflict probability: A novel risk measure for quantifying intensity of crash risk at unsignalized intersections

IF 3.2

IATSS Research Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.01.001

Aninda Bijoy Paul Ph.D. , Ninad Gore Ph.D. , Shriniwas Arkatkar Ph.D. , Gaurang Joshi Ph.D. , Md Mazharul Haque Ph.D.

{"title":"Critical conflict probability: A novel risk measure for quantifying intensity of crash risk at unsignalized intersections","authors":"Aninda Bijoy Paul Ph.D. , Ninad Gore Ph.D. , Shriniwas Arkatkar Ph.D. , Gaurang Joshi Ph.D. , Md Mazharul Haque Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A significant number of traffic crashes are reported at unsignalized intersections. However, in developing countries, challenges such as underreporting and limited crash data hinder the direct correlation of traffic conflicts with reported crashes for effective safety analysis. To address this, the study introduces Critical Conflict Probability (CCP) as a novel metric to quantify the intensity of conflict risk at unsignalized intersections. Higher CCP values indicate a greater likelihood of crash risk. CCP is derived from Post-Encroachment Time (PET) using the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV)-based extreme value theory (EVT) modeling framework. The CCP values are modeled as a function of traffic flow and driving behavior variables using three approaches: fixed parameters, random intercept, and grouped random parameters Beta regression models. The results revealed grouped random parameters Beta regression model as the best fit, highlighting the importance of accounting for spatial unobserved heterogeneity. As a practical outcome, the study develops a CCP-based intersection prioritization framework to rank and identify critical intersections within a traffic network, enabling traffic planners to improve safety management in data-scarce environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages 49-59"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0