Hiroaki Nishiuchi , Charitha Dias , Satsuki Kawato
{"title":"Empirical evaluation of change in crash risk due to lane marking reallocation: A case study in Kochi City, Japan","authors":"Hiroaki Nishiuchi , Charitha Dias , Satsuki Kawato","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lane markings are considered an essential component of a road system. As highlighted in previous studies, they are directly linked to efficiency and safety. The rearrangement or reallocation of lane markings can be an economical way to improve efficiency. However, such changes could influence driver behavior. Thus, there is a tradeoff between efficiency and safety. Through a case study in Kochi City, Japan, this study evaluated the change in crash risk caused by a lane marking reallocation. Video data were collected before and after the implementation of a new road layout (achieved by reallocating lane markings) that was intended to mitigate traffic congestion at a signalized intersection. Based on the video data, PICUD (Possibility Index for Collision with Urgent Deceleration), a surrogate safety index used to estimate collision risk, was estimated for lane changes and conflicts between leading and following vehicles in the through lane. In particular, it was confirmed that the collision risk between a lane-changing vehicle and a leading vehicle in the through lane was reduced due to the reduction in traffic density caused by the new road layout. In addition, the results indicate that the PICUD value tends to decrease (i.e., the crash risk tends to increase) with increasing speed of the following vehicle relative to the leading vehicle. Overall, the improvement in safety after the implementation of the new road layout was marginal and statistically insignificant. Therefore, this study highlights the necessity of incorporating speed control measures, such as speed limits, along with congestion alleviation measures in order to enhance safety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S038611122300050X/pdfft?md5=77d5cd585be64acdbca4416d26748283&pid=1-s2.0-S038611122300050X-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IATSS Research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S038611122300050X","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"TRANSPORTATION","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Lane markings are considered an essential component of a road system. As highlighted in previous studies, they are directly linked to efficiency and safety. The rearrangement or reallocation of lane markings can be an economical way to improve efficiency. However, such changes could influence driver behavior. Thus, there is a tradeoff between efficiency and safety. Through a case study in Kochi City, Japan, this study evaluated the change in crash risk caused by a lane marking reallocation. Video data were collected before and after the implementation of a new road layout (achieved by reallocating lane markings) that was intended to mitigate traffic congestion at a signalized intersection. Based on the video data, PICUD (Possibility Index for Collision with Urgent Deceleration), a surrogate safety index used to estimate collision risk, was estimated for lane changes and conflicts between leading and following vehicles in the through lane. In particular, it was confirmed that the collision risk between a lane-changing vehicle and a leading vehicle in the through lane was reduced due to the reduction in traffic density caused by the new road layout. In addition, the results indicate that the PICUD value tends to decrease (i.e., the crash risk tends to increase) with increasing speed of the following vehicle relative to the leading vehicle. Overall, the improvement in safety after the implementation of the new road layout was marginal and statistically insignificant. Therefore, this study highlights the necessity of incorporating speed control measures, such as speed limits, along with congestion alleviation measures in order to enhance safety.
车道标线被认为是道路系统的重要组成部分。正如之前的研究所强调的那样，它们与效率和安全直接相关。重新布置或重新分配车道标线是提高效率的一种经济方法。然而，这些变化可能会影响司机的行为。因此，在效率和安全之间有一个权衡。本研究以日本高知市为个案，评估重新分配车道标线对事故风险的影响。视频数据是在实施新的道路布局(通过重新分配车道标线实现)之前和之后收集的，该布局旨在缓解信号交叉口的交通拥堵。基于视频数据，估计了通过车道发生变道和前后车辆发生冲突时碰撞风险的替代安全指标PICUD (Possibility Index for Collision with Urgent减速可能性指数)。特别是，由于新的道路布局降低了交通密度，因此确认了变道车辆与通过车道的领先车辆之间的碰撞风险降低。此外，研究结果表明，随着后车相对于前车车速的增加，PICUD值有减小的趋势，即碰撞风险有增大的趋势。总体而言，实施新道路布局后安全性的改善是边际的，统计上不显著。因此，本研究强调有必要结合速度控制措施，如限速，以及缓解拥堵的措施，以提高安全性。
期刊介绍：
First published in 1977 as an international journal sponsored by the International Association of Traffic and Safety Sciences, IATSS Research has contributed to the dissemination of interdisciplinary wisdom on ideal mobility, particularly in Asia. IATSS Research is an international refereed journal providing a platform for the exchange of scientific findings on transportation and safety across a wide range of academic fields, with particular emphasis on the links between scientific findings and practice in society and cultural contexts. IATSS Research welcomes submission of original research articles and reviews that satisfy the following conditions: 1.Relevant to transportation and safety, and the multiple impacts of transportation systems on security, human health, and the environment. 2.Contains important policy and practical implications based on scientific evidence in the applicable academic field. In addition to welcoming general submissions, IATSS Research occasionally plans and publishes special feature sections and special issues composed of invited articles addressing specific topics.
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