EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY最新文献

{"title":"Della Rocca's Darkest Hour","authors":"Filippo Casati","doi":"10.1111/ejop.13051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.13051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While reading <i>The Parmenidean Ascent</i>, you will likely shake your head in disbelief. “Is Michael Della Rocca serious?” you will probably think “Has he gone mad?”. Well, let's put it like this. If Della Rocca went crazy, he did it with a lot of elegance, method and philosophical rigor. He, in fact, delivers a series of impressive arguments in support of the most important and bewildering thesis of his whole work, namely, <span>strict monism</span>. According to <span>strict monism</span>, there are no relations whatsoever. If we think in metaphysical terms, this means that there are no chairs, tables, stars and human beings. For the existence of all these entities would entail that there are some relations (or, at least, a relation of difference) between all of them. Chairs are <i>not</i> tables, and stars are <i>not</i> human beings. The same can be said about substances, properties, modes, accidents, and many of the other metaphysical categories with which we are so accustomed. Della Rocca, thus, concludes that, according to <span>strict monism,</span> there is nothing but pure, undifferentiated, not at all relational being. “We are looking at pure being” he writes “Undifferentiated being (…) is purely positive and not at all relational” (<span>2020</span>, p. 82).</p><p>As we all know, Della Rocca is also a great champion of the principle of sufficient reason (PSR). Much of his philosophy has been informed by an uncompromising endorsement of this rationalist <i>credo</i>, and such a <i>credo</i> does not cease to play an important role in <i>The Parmenidean Ascent</i>. I have, however, no intention to put pressure on his Eleatic endeavor by questioning the PSR. First of all, I do not believe that an attempt to challenge the PSR will score any point against <span>strict monism</span>, for Della Rocca's argument against the existence of relations does not <i>necessarily</i> rely on the PSR. Secondly, I would like to take this opportunity to make a confession and bring myself out of the closet. As with Della Rocca, I am a great fan of the PSR. If this principle is taken to be the hallmark of rationalist thinking, well, let me tell you, I am more than happy to be called a rationalist. For this reason, I cannot be further from thinking that the PSR represents the heart of the problem.<sup>1</sup></p><p>Rather than criticizing <i>that</i> Della Rocca employs the PSR, I would like to question <i>how</i> he uses it. In particular, I suspect that the way in which Della Rocca uses the PSR forces him to face the following predicament. On the one hand, his employment of the PSR might commit him to what he calls a ‘darkest hour’. According to Della Rocca, a darkest hour takes place when a philosopher “reject[s] some rationalist commitment” (<span>forthcoming</span>, p. 1) by accepting something – a thing, a fact or even a philosophical principle – as ‘brute’ or ‘arbitrary’. On the other hand, any attempt to avoid such a darkest hour will get some o","PeriodicalId":46958,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":"33 1","pages":"325-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejop.13051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parmenides and Dr. Strangelove, Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying about Monism and Accept the World of Relations, at least for the sake of the Good","authors":"Michael A. Rosenthal","doi":"10.1111/ejop.13057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.13057","url":null,"abstract":"<p>I want to start with a movie: <i>Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb</i>.<sup>1</sup></p><p>This 1964 film, directed by Stanley Kubrick, and starring Peter Sellers in multiple roles, satirizes the Cold War defense establishment. It tells the story of a renegade base commander, General Jack D. Ripper, played by Sterling Hayden, who takes advantage of a malfunction in the communications system to send his wing of B-52 bombers to attack the Soviet Union. When the President of the United States is alerted to this dire state of affairs by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Buck Turgidson, played by George C. Scott, he tries to make a deal with his Soviet counterpart, Premier Kissov, for a limited proportional response, but is startled to discover, as his advisor, the former Nazi scientist, Dr. Strangelove, informs him, that the Soviets have recently activated a “Doomsday” device, whose purpose is to deter a single attack by immediately triggering a conflagration that would destroy the entire world. After failed attempts to thwart the attack, whether by the visiting British officer, Group Captain Lionel Mandrake, at Burpelson Airbase, or by the Soviet Air Defense system, the defense officials gathered in the War Room are left to contemplate their only option, which is to gather top government officials in a deep underground shelter, where they will work to repopulate the world. At the end, one bomber, piloted by Major T. J. “King” Kong, manages to get through to deliver the payload and trigger Armageddon. The final scene is of Dr. Strangelove getting out of his wheelchair, exclaiming ecstatically, “<i>Mein Führer</i>, I can walk!,” which then cuts to scenes of giant nuclear mushroom clouds exploding in the air accompanied by the melancholy song, “We'll meet again.”</p><p>This is a great movie, undoubtedly a classic, and you should see it, if you haven't already. But why am I bringing it up here? The answer is that, in my view, it perfectly illustrates the nature of acosmism. As I was reading Michael Della Rocca's recent book, <i>The Parmenidean Ascent</i>, this was the story that almost immediately came to mind. At first, I tried to ignore it, thinking that it was just a glib association, but when it came back again, I realized that my philosophical unconscious was speaking to me and that perhaps I should pay attention to it. Here are some of the points of comparison.</p><p>The main point is the doomsday principle of deterrence. Half measures don't add up to much. If you want to preserve the world, then you must threaten to destroy it completely.</p><p>There is the mad scientist, Dr. Strangelove, whose very name embodies the paradox. He is one of the designers of the system itself, the Parmenides figure. One thing to note is that in the movie, this character has a dubious past, as a servant to a totalizing Reich, and also a weak character. In contrast to Major Kong, who has the simple-minded audacity ","PeriodicalId":46958,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":"33 1","pages":"354-364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejop.13057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relations as basic – the Bradleyan descent","authors":"Barbara M. Sattler","doi":"10.1111/ejop.13056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.13056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>I think both steps (1) and (2) of Della Rocca's argument are problematic as I will show in this paper: (1) treats relations as addenda to the relata which seem to exist independently of the relation. This is one way of thinking about relations – a way we will see very clearly also in Aristotle's account of relation. But it is by no means the only one as Della Rocca suggests for his argument; I will give several examples below of relations that cannot be thought along these lines. Subsequently, I will demonstrate problems with step (2), with the way in which Della Rocca gets the infinite regress going. This does not mean, however, that the core concern Della Rocca raises is not a real concern; it is in fact one dealt with in many debates about metaphysical foundationalism and coherentism.</p><p>Before I demonstrate this descent of Bradley's regress, I will first stay on the positive side and show how the kind of relations Della Rocca sketches are indeed problematic and have been shown to be worrisome already in ancient times, starting from Parmenides.</p><p>Della Rocca ties his argument against any distinctions to Parmenides and his monism, since a strict monism is the only position that, following Della Rocca's main argument, will ultimately be left for us. Parmenidean monism is based on his rejection of any distinctions. According to Della Rocca, this is in turn based on Parmenides' rejection of all forms of relations.<sup>5</sup></p><p>The notion of relation is indeed a notion that is very problematic in ancient philosophy: Parmenides does not allow for any relations, and Plato and Aristotle point out problems with them. The main worry seems to be that if something is a relation or relational, then it seems to have only derivative existence, but no full being. We can see this in Plato's characterisation of Forms as being simple in itself while sensible things only exist in relation to Forms, or in Aristotle's account of accidentals, which can only exist in relation to some substance. Della Rocca stands in this long tradition of raising problems for the very notion of relation. Since Aristotle is the thinker who shows the problems relations may raise most explicitly, we can think of Della Rocca as an Aristotelian in this sense. However, like Aristotle, Della Rocca only takes certain kinds of relations into view which will turn out not all that there is to relations. But let us look at the problems Plato and Aristotle raise with respect to relations first.</p><p>Plato, like Parmenides, attempts to conceive what truly is, for him the Forms, as possessing no complexity, no distinctions. For Plato there is, however, a plurality of what-is, of Forms, and so the freedom from distinctions only concerns each Form internally: each is of one kind (<i>monoeidês</i>), simple, not composed, and indivisible (see, for example, <i>Phaedo</i> 78b-d). The late Plato, however, changes this, as we can see in the <i>Sophist</i>. There he not only demonstrates tha","PeriodicalId":46958,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":"33 1","pages":"314-324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejop.13056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replies to Critics of The Parmenidean Ascent","authors":"Michael Della Rocca","doi":"10.1111/ejop.13054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.13054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46958,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":"33 1","pages":"365-376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Power and Freedom in the Space of Reasons: Elaborating Foucault's Pragmatism. by Tuomo Tisaala New York: Routledge, 2024. 148pp. ISBN: 9781032671376","authors":"Eli B. Lichtenstein","doi":"10.1111/ejop.13064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.13064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46958,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":"33 2","pages":"832-836"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History of Philosophy as a Source of Meaning","authors":"Hannah Ginsborg","doi":"10.1111/ejop.13060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.13060","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46958,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":"33 1","pages":"3-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heidegger's Interpretation of Kant: The Violence and the Charity, by Morganna Lambeth Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023. ISBN: 9781009239271","authors":"Fridolin Neumann","doi":"10.1111/ejop.13044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.13044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46958,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":"33 1","pages":"381-386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Critique of Judgment and the Unity of Kant's Critical System. by Lara Ostaric Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023. ISBN: 9781009336857","authors":"Michael Rohlf","doi":"10.1111/ejop.13046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.13046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46958,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":"33 1","pages":"377-380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nietzsche and Schiller on Aesthetic Distance","authors":"Timothy Stoll","doi":"10.1111/ejop.13035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.13035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A key contention of Nietzsche's philosophy is that art helps us affirm life. A common reading holds that it does so by paving over, concealing, or beautifying life's undesirable features. This interpretation is unsatisfactory for two main reasons: Nietzsche suggests that art should foreground what is ‘ugly’ about existence, and he sees thoroughgoing honesty about life's character as a requirement on genuine affirmation. The paper presents an alternative reading. According to this reading, artworks depicting something terrible give us a feeling of fearlessness or courage by enabling an extraordinary state of affective distance from their content. The value of art lies in the fact that the aesthetic state resembles and invites us to pursue a psychic condition Nietzsche valorises. In making this case, the paper reveals a surprising continuity between an important strand in nineteenth-century aesthetic thought and contemporary distance theories of aesthetic engagement. It also casts new light on Nietzsche's famous criticisms of Kant's notion of disinterested aesthetic appreciation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46958,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":"33 2","pages":"562-576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejop.13035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proustian Grief","authors":"Thomas Stern","doi":"10.1111/ejop.13034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.13034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Proust wrote vividly about grief, but he has not been recognised or studied as a philosopher of grief. It is time that he was. For a powerful and compelling philosophy of grief emerges from the pages of his <i>magnum opus</i>. Though philosophical work on Proust has not turned to this theory of grief, philosophers writing about grief have often drawn on Proust, both explicitly and implicitly, without an awareness of an underlying Proustian theory. This paper fills the gap by placing this philosophically informed, Proustian theory of grief before our eyes. Proust builds on contemporary discussions of habituation (<i>habitude</i>), the process whereby new sensations and new actions become both <i>less</i> salient, intrusive or demanding of our attention, and <i>more</i> crucial for our equilibrium and our continued short-term functioning. Applying this to the social realm, Proust theorises love in terms of habituation to another person, and grief in terms of a sudden inapplicability or unsuitability of our habits to the world that person has left behind, followed by the painful, uneven and intermittent process of habituating to that new world. The paper explains this theory and charts its relation to some contemporary discussions of grief. Doing so places Proust back into a conversation he has already influenced.</p>","PeriodicalId":46958,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":"33 2","pages":"721-736"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejop.13034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}