Biomedical Engineering Letters最新文献

{"title":"MVM-UNet: multi branch convolutional vision Mamba UNet for medical image segmentation.","authors":"Shaojia Niu, Huimin Pan, Quanli Gao, Lianhe Shao","doi":"10.1007/s13534-026-00563-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13534-026-00563-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>State Space Models (SSMs), particularly the Mamba architecture, demonstrate significant potential in medical image segmentation due to the capabilities in modeling long-range dependencies. In the realm of medical image analysis, Vision Mamba UNet (VM-UNet) employs an asymmetric encoder-decoder architecture featuring Visual State Space blocks to capture extended spatial contextual information. However, VM-UNet encounters critical limitations: 1) Its restricted multi-scale modeling capacity during feature extraction impedes the effective fusion of local and global features, ultimately diminishing segmentation accuracy and robustness; 2) When processing complex lesion morphologies, certain boundary information loss occurs. This affects the method's applicability in precision-sensitive medical imaging scenarios. To address these limitations, we propose MVM-UNet, a multi-branch convolutional VM-UNet architecture. By extending VM-UNet, our model integrates a novel convolutional state-space module comprising parallel branches dedicated to capturing local and global features across varying receptive fields. The subsequent feature fusion operations enhance both representational capacity and generalization potential. Specifically, MVM-UNet achieves computational efficiency through depth-wise separable convolutional branches while utilizing heterogeneous depth-wise convolutions with multi-scale kernels for optimal texture characterization in complex lesion regions. Furthermore, the architecture incorporates a hybrid normalization scheme combining BatchNorm and LayerNorm with parametric ReLU activation, significantly improving training stability and feature discriminability. Comprehensive evaluations on the ISIC17 and ISIC18 skin lesion benchmarks, supplemented by a proprietary kidney tumor dataset, demonstrate the superiority of MVM-UNet over existing approaches. Quantitative analyses reveal significant improvements in DSC (increased by 0.37%) and mIoU (increased by 0.71%), statistically validating the framework's effectiveness in medical image segmentation tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":46898,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Letters","volume":"16 4","pages":"979-991"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13476395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148759823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiplexer-based system development for multichannel neurochemical sensing.","authors":"Haeun Kwon, Sangmun Hwang, Dong Pyo Jang","doi":"10.1007/s13534-026-00554-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13534-026-00554-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Simultaneous measurement of neurotransmitters in multiple individuals enables more accurate comparison of behavioral and pharmacological responses between subjects. In this study, we developed a system capable of multichannel electrochemical measurements using multiplexers (MUXs). Although MUXs are widely used in analog circuits, their parasitic characteristics can degrade the accuracy of current-based electrochemical systems. Therefore, the effect of parasitic components on electrochemical measurements was examined through dopamine detection experiments and simulations using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). The experimental and simulation results showed that parasitic capacitance increased the background current and noise. In addition, a substantial background current increase of more than 5% was observed when the capacitance exceeded 50 pF. Based on the simulation results, MUX devices such as ADG1206 and TMUX6119, which have parasitic capacitance below 50 pF, were selected, and an optimized system was developed and evaluated. Verification experiments showed that the background current and noise of the optimized system were not significantly different from those of the standalone transimpedance amplifier (TIA) system. High channel uniformity and long-term stability were also achieved, with normalized root mean square error below 0.5%, normalized deviation within ± 3%, and Z-scores within ± 1. In dopamine detection experiments, rapid and consistent current responses verified the system's reliable detection performance. With a 16-channel MUX configuration, the system supports multichannel simultaneous measurements using user-defined waveforms, including FSCV. It enables up to 11 channels at 10 Hz FSCV and up to 16 channels at 7 Hz FSCV. The proposed hardware can be integrated into existing systems, enabling scalable multichannel capability without the need for extensive redesign. Based on our experimental results, we demonstrated that the developed multichannel system provides reliable and effective detection. This study provides a foundational guideline for MUX-based electrochemical measurement systems. The proposed approach can support efficient experimental design in fields such as behavioral neuroscience and pharmacology by enabling simultaneous multichannel measurements.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13534-026-00554-3.</p>","PeriodicalId":46898,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Letters","volume":"16 4","pages":"929-943"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13476222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148759820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soft parallel robots for medical ultrasound imaging: a comprehensive review and future directions.","authors":"Sean Gosnell, Turaj Ashuri, Saleh Gharaie, Amir Ali Amiri Moghadam","doi":"10.1007/s13534-026-00559-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13534-026-00559-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultrasound imaging is a vital diagnostic tool, yet its effectiveness is often constrained by operator variability, occupational strain, and limited access to skilled sonographers. This paper reviews soft robotic ultrasound systems across major databases and recent literature. We examine teleoperated, collaborative, and autonomous platforms, analyzing mechanical architectures ranging from rigid to soft and continuum designs with respect to positional accuracy, physical human-robot interaction safety, and integration with advanced sensing and artificial intelligence. Regulatory precedents are also reviewed to highlight pathways toward clinical adoption. Rigid robotic platforms currently dominate, offering high precision but requiring complex controls to address safety concerns. In contrast, soft and continuum robotic systems provide inherent compliance, enabling safer patient interactions and greater adaptability. Advances in distributed sensing, physics-informed modeling, and artificial intelligence-driven control have further enhanced their potential, though challenges in real-time control, computational efficiency, and regulatory validation remain. Overall, robotic ultrasound represents a compelling frontier in medical imaging: while rigid systems ensure accuracy, soft and continuum parallel designs promise safer, more adaptive, and scalable solutions. This review underscores the potential of robotic ultrasound to improve diagnostic consistency, reduce clinician burden, and expand healthcare access through intelligent and adaptive robotic technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":46898,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Letters","volume":"16 2","pages":"387-410"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13013787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147522250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal interference stimulation devices: a comprehensive review of hardware design and implementation.","authors":"Yemin Kim, Junhyuck Lee, Jaejun Kil, Dongrim Kim, Taegil Jeong, Byunghun Lee","doi":"10.1007/s13534-026-00564-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13534-026-00564-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep brain stimulation has demonstrated efficacy in treating various neurological disorders. However, its invasiveness and the associated surgical risks have motivated noninvasive approaches that can selectively modulate deep targets. Conventional transcranial electrical stimulation techniques, however, have limited capability to reach deep brain regions with high spatial focality. Temporal interference stimulation (TIS) has emerged as a promising solution to overcome these challenges, using two slightly different high-frequency carriers to generate a low-frequency envelope with improved spatial focality in tissue. Currently, TIS is being extensively validated in rodent models and has been expanded to studies using cadaveric human heads and clinical trials for various neurological disorders. However, the precision and safety of TIS strongly depends on the underlying hardware implementation. Therefore, a systematic understanding of circuit and system design is required for practical device development. This paper covers comprehensive hardware design considerations and implementation strategies for TIS devices. Major TIS waveform schemes are categorized and their impact on system complexity, channel synchronization, and stimulation performance is analyzed. For the output stage architecture, various circuit topologies are discussed regarding their voltage compliance and current driving capability. In addition, essential safety features, including charge balancing techniques and impedance monitoring methods tailored to TIS operation are reviewed. Finally, experimental validation approaches using tissue phantoms are summarized to provide guidelines for developing robust and reliable TIS systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":46898,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Letters","volume":"16 3","pages":"595-605"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13129173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating living biomaterials into neuroelectronic systems.","authors":"Minseong Hong, YeongSeok Ye, Joungwon Kim, Jae-Ick Kim, Jong-Cheol Rah, Youngbin Tchoe","doi":"10.1007/s13534-026-00557-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13534-026-00557-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neural interface technologies stand at the threshold of a revolution, offering new possibilities for seamless, high-bandwidth interconnection between the human brain and computers. Recent progress has been driven by advances in microscale manufacturing, yielding sophisticated neural probes with diverse form factors capable of recording from macroscopic networks down to single units. These platforms span rigid-to-soft architectures and combine inorganic and organic materials, improving compatibility with the brain's mechanical and chemical properties. Despite these advances, the field still relies primarily on nonbiological electrodes, which face inherent limitations in adapting to the dynamic and complex nature of living neural tissue. Living biomaterials-integrated neuroelectronics, on the other hand, could open new possibilities by enabling technologies that adapt to the host environment, actively establish bidirectional interfaces, conform to living tissue, and support repair by leveraging the inherent regenerative and plastic capacities of living systems. This review provides an overview of recent progress, challenges, and emerging directions in the integration of living biomaterials with neuroelectronic systems. We frame biohybrid neural interfaces as the convergence of in vitro microelectrode arrays and in vivo brain interfaces and organize the review around three themes: (i) cell sources for device integration, (ii) advances in in vitro MEA platforms, and (iii) cell-integrated, living electrodes for in vivo neural interfacing. Considered jointly, the themes point to an integrated path to seamless, adaptive biohybrid neural interfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":46898,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Letters","volume":"16 2","pages":"307-328"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13013916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147522111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Recent strategies for designing adhesive hydrogels to enhance muscle tissue regeneration.","authors":"Yesung Lee, Youbin Park, Mikyung Shin","doi":"10.1007/s13534-026-00558-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13534-026-00558-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s13534-025-00540-1.].</p>","PeriodicalId":46898,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Letters","volume":"16 2","pages":"573"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13013890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147522076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional hydrogels as submucosal injectable materials in therapeutic endoscopy.","authors":"Chi-Pin James Wang, Chun Gwon Park, Se-Na Kim","doi":"10.1007/s13534-026-00561-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13534-026-00561-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Therapeutic endoscopy, including endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), has transformed the management of early gastrointestinal (GI) cancers by enabling the resection of large and complex lesions. However, its widespread adoption remains limited by technical difficulty and the high risk of complications such as bleeding, perforation, and stricture. Submucosal injection materials (SIMs) are critical to ESD procedures as they provide mucosal elevation, but the elevation achieved by solution-based SIMs is typically short-lived due to rapid absorption or diffusion, often necessitating multiple injections during surgery. Recent advances in injectable hydrogels present a promising strategy to overcome these limitations. Owing to their tunable physicochemical and biological properties, hydrogels can prolong submucosal elevation, reduce injection force, and actively contribute to the management of complications. Preclinical investigations of two-component, thermoresponsive, and shear-thinning hydrogels have demonstrated favorable biocompatibility and compatibility with endoscopic delivery systems. Moreover, functional hydrogels engineered with hemostatic, adhesive, antifibrotic, or regenerative properties have shown potential to mitigate intraprocedural bleeding, accelerate wound healing, and prevent stricture formation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of preclinical hydrogel-based SIMs, focusing on how these novel materials may reshape the tools and strategies available in advanced endoscopic practices, particularly ESD.</p>","PeriodicalId":46898,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Letters","volume":"16 2","pages":"329-352"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13013869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147522025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal heart failure prediction model based on graph convolutional neural network.","authors":"Yang Chen, Xintong Liang, Pengjia Qi, Shudong Xia, Jijun Tong","doi":"10.1007/s13534-026-00560-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13534-026-00560-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart failure (HF) is a common and life-threatening cardiovascular disease, and early accurate diagnosis is critical for improving patient survival rates and optimizing treatment outcomes. This work integrated the electrocardiogram (ECG) signals of patients with clinical text data to construct a 12-lead ECG-Text-LVEF Cardio dataset. A multimodal HF prediction model based on graph convolutional neural network (GCN) was proposed in this work. The model employs global feature vectors extracted from patients' ECG spectrograms as node features, generates medically semantic vectors by encoding clinical text via ClinicalBERT, establishes connections between nodes that meet a preset threshold after calculating cosine similarity between these vectors, and thus constructs a semantic adjacency graph that quantifies similarities in clinical descriptions among patients and explicitly models common associations in their symptom presentations and disease characteristics. Finally, it achieves reasoning from individual features to group relationships through 2-layer graph modeling. At the same time, the Top-K adjacency strategy and similarity threshold control the sparsity of edge connections, and the edge perturbation mechanism is introduced to enhance the generalization ability of the model. Experimental results demonstrate that the model achieves an accuracy of 98.5%, a precision of 98.4%, a recall of 99%, and an AUC of 0.997, validating the effectiveness of multimodal feature fusion in HF prediction and providing a practical pathway for applying GCNs to multimodal medical risk prediction tasks.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13534-026-00560-5.</p>","PeriodicalId":46898,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Letters","volume":"16 4","pages":"969-978"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13476189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148759902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molybdenum disulfide based nanohybrids: insights into their role in electrochemical cancer biomarker detection.","authors":"Naveen Thanjavur, Young-Joon Kim","doi":"10.1007/s13534-026-00562-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13534-026-00562-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer remains a leading cause of global mortality, where early detection and continuous monitoring are critical for improving therapeutic outcomes. However, conventional diagnostic techniques suffer from high cost, long assay times, invasiveness, and limited sensitivity at early disease stages. In this context, electrochemical biosensors have emerged as promising alternatives due to their rapid response, cost effectiveness, low sample volume requirements, high sensitivity, and compatibility with point-of-care testing. Recent advances highlight the pivotal role of electrode materials in translating biomolecular recognition into reliable electrical signals, particularly for detecting cancer-associated biomarkers near clinically relevant threshold levels. Among emerging semiconducting materials, molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) has attracted significant attention owing to its layered two-dimensional structure, tunable bandgap, abundant electroactive edge sites, and versatile surface chemistry. This review critically examines recent progress in MoS₂ nanohybrid based electrochemical biosensors for cancer detection, focusing on material design strategies, fabrication approaches, and biomarker-specific sensing architectures. Emphasis is placed on MoS₂ hybrid systems incorporating carbon nanostructures, metal nanomaterials, metal oxides, polymers, MOFs, and other nanostructures, as well as their roles in enhancing signal transduction and real-time applicability in clinical samples. Finally, current challenges are outlined towards developing clinically translatable electrochemical sensing systems for early cancer detection and disease diagnosis. Furthermore, this review highlights the potential of integrating semiconductor-based electrochemical sensors with threshold-based diagnostic strategies as a promising future direction for point-of-care cancer detection.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":46898,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Letters","volume":"16 3","pages":"575-593"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13129187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and evaluation of PVA/PAA/GO nanofiber scaffolds for advanced wound dressing applications.","authors":"Yousof Moradian Haftcheshmeh, Majid Salehi, Tahereh Sadat Tabatabai, Tayebeh Sadat Tabatabai, Mozhgan Fazli, Vahid Shirshahi","doi":"10.1007/s13534-026-00552-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13534-026-00552-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to develop and evaluate nanofiber scaffolds for advanced wound dressing applications. The nanofibers were fabricated using polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylic acid, and graphene oxide and were systematically assessed for their physical, chemical, and biological properties. Morphological analysis through scanning electron microscopy revealed a uniform and homogeneous nanofiber structure, while tensile testing confirmed their excellent mechanical strength. Crystallographic characteristics were examined using X-ray diffraction, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy verified the chemical composition. The nanofibers demonstrated remarkable fluid absorption capabilities, accommodating both water and blood, which are crucial for effective wound management. Tests for water vapor porosity and permeability further highlighted their ability to create an optimal environment for wound healing. Biological evaluations, including hemolysis and blood adaptation tests, confirmed the nanofibers' biocompatibility. Antibacterial efficacy was thoroughly assessed using MIC, MBC, anti-biofilm, and bacterial penetration tests, showcasing significant inhibitory effects on bacterial activity. Cytotoxicity analysis (MTT) and nuclear staining (DAPI) revealed low toxicity and excellent biocompatibility. Additionally, scratch wound assays demonstrated the positive impact of the nanofibers on cellular migration and signaling, vital for tissue regeneration. In vivo experiments and histological analyses provided further evidence of the nanofibers' ability to support tissue repair and regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":46898,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Letters","volume":"16 3","pages":"799-815"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13129177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}