Anthropologie最新文献

{"title":"Post-Pleistocene adaptation and subsistence economy complex of hunter-gatherers of eastern Siberia: A case study of Ust’-Khaita I site","authors":"Aleksandr A. Ulanov ,&nbsp;Alexey V. Tetenkin ,&nbsp;Nikolay A. Savel’ev","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reflection of the transition from the Pleistocene to the Holocene in the material culture of hunter-gatherers and related adaptational processes is the subject of some debates among scholars studying the Stone Age of northeastern Asia. The case study of cultural components 9 and 9A of the Ust’-Khaita I site in the region of the Baikal lake in eastern Siberia, can contribute to understanding hunter-gatherers’ adaptation on the boundary between the Pleistocene and Holocene. The analysis of the materials of cultural components 9 and 9A provides information about the subsistence economy complex consisting of medium and large-size prey hunting with domestic dogs and fishing. Changes in morphology and technology of the microblade industry – one of the most representative categories of artifacts in the northeastern Asian region, most likely reflect changes in adaptation and mobility patterns in this period. Artifacts from layers 9 and 9A include microblade cores and grooved bone tools. These assemblages reflect the cultural and economic adaptation processes that took place during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition in eastern Siberia. Comparing material from Ust’-Khaita to those from sites of the Far East, we intend to highlight the variability of adaptation patterns throughout Northeast Asia during this pivotal period in human history.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"128 4","pages":"Article 103286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L’art paléolithique du Portugal une quarantaine d’années après la publication des gravures de Mazouco","authors":"André T. Santos ,&nbsp;Thierry Aubry","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a synthesis of what we know about the Palaeolithic imagery in Portugal. This synthesis is based on the history of research, on our own research in the Côa Valley and on some other sites and on a critical review of the 96 known sites. The synthesis will be organized by geographical regions and according to the territories defined by the origin of the lithic raw materials used on the occupation sites of the Côa valley. We present our interpretation of morpho-stylistic diversity of Portuguese imagery in the Iberian context, noting that during the Gravettian and until the Middle Solutrean, it presents similarities with the rest of the imagery of southwest Europe and that between the Upper Solutrean and the Magdalenian, the morpho-stylistic conventions reveal greater territorial diversity. The images of the sites of southern Portugal approach those of the Mediterranean area, those of the Douro basin are closer to the ones of the Franco-Cantabrian area and the images of central Portugal reveal a double influence. At the end of the Pleistocene cycle, we would once again witness a process of graphic homogenization on a European scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"128 5","pages":"Article 103309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small things matter: Microlaminar tools in the Magdalenian sequence of Cova de les Cendres (Alicante, Spain)","authors":"Miguel Ángel Bel ,&nbsp;Valentín Villaverde","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The archaeological works conducted in Sector A in Cova de les Cendres from 2006 to 2016 documented different Magdalenian levels that increase the available information about Middle and Upper/Final Magdalenian in the Iberian Mediterranean basin. The microlaminar assemblages from levels XI and XII include scalene bladelets, truncated backed bladelets, backed bladelets and marginal backed bladelets, and bladelets with fine direct or inverse retouches. Their thorough analysis and quantification allow us to discriminate two phases in level XII, ascribed to Middle Magdalenian. The set of available datings and the characteristics of the lithic industry in these two units show the importance of this Magdalenian phase in this region. Prior to the Upper Magdalenian level XI, which is characterised by the presence of harpoons and a microlaminar assemblage composed of particularly small pieces, level XII of Cova de les Cendres shows a microlaminar succession defined by the unequal role of scalene bladelets and truncated backed bladelets. This evolution is compared with that of other Magdalenian sites in the Iberian Mediterranean region, Cantabrian region and South of France.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"128 4","pages":"Article 103285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Masques et mascarades à Font-de-Gaume (Les Eyzies, Dordogne). Réflexions préliminaires sur une mystérieuse assemblée","authors":"Patrick Paillet","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Font-de-Gaume cave lies at an altitude of 120<!--> <!-->m in a massif of Coniacian sandstone, on the left bank of the Beune valley, about 1<!--> <!-->km upstream from Les Eyzies (Dordogne). The cave, known for many years, was officially discovered on 12th September 1901 by Denis Peyrony, and became famous for its numerous figurative and abstract representations engraved, drawn and painted, sometimes in polychrome. Along with the Combarelles cave, discovered a few days earlier, it contributed to the definitive and unanimous recognition of the Palaeolithic age of cave art. In 1910, Louis Capitan, Henri Breuil and Denis Peyrony published a masterly monograph that is still an essential reference and a working tool. The Font-de-Gaume cave has been the subject of numerous academic studies and expert reports on its conservation and climatology. Since 2020, a new interdisciplinary research programme, led by the author, has been underway in the cave. It is part of the broadest possible archaeological approach, involving a transdisciplinary approach. Using recent analytical methods, the cave's parietal art is apprehended in the diversity of its physical, environmental, taphonomic and archaeological contexts. The result is a significant renewal of data at several levels. The corpus of parietal representations, for example, has been considerably updated, rising from 200 graphic entities, approximately counted in 1910, to almost 800 according to the latest inventories, which are still incomplete, as the research programme has not yet been completed. Among the new figurative representations discovered and recorded during our programme of systematic wall surveys, we present in this article around fifty masks that are all original creations, assemblages of cursive graphics and the natural forms of the supports that result in curious heads, without graphic outlines, confusedly human and/or animal. These pages describe the masks placed on stalactites and calcite columns in two rarely-visited galleries in the cave (the Prat gallery and the deep part of the side gallery), which are off the beaten track for tourists, and look at their status and function, opening up questions of otherness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"128 5","pages":"Article 103301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"As Related to the Interpretation of an Engraved Rib from the Upper Paleolithic Site of Mezhirich (Ukraine)","authors":"Eskander M. Baitenov","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among great variety of engraved mammoth's bones excavated at the Mezhirich site (Middle reaches of the Dnieper River, Ukraine) the artifact that was discovered in the fourth dwelling, made of the distal part of a mammoth rib, deserves our special attention and scrutiny. The character of its engraving has correlations with the stylized figures of women of the East Epigravettian period. Moreover, it has some similar features with the so-called “shovels” from the Kostenki-Avdeevo paleolithic sites. Also, we can note some typological similarities with the tools made of ribs of the Neolithic period of Middle East. This unique item can also be associated with some Eurasian ethnographic artifacts. Having studied this engraved piece of rib, the author has also compared it with the available analogue databases. Thus, he has come to the conclusion that this item could have been dedicated to the obstetric aid spheres.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"128 5","pages":"Article 103284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L’influence saharienne sur les gravures du sud-ouest des monts des Ksours : la station de Moghrar Tahtani, Aïn Safra. Atlas saharien, Algérie","authors":"Fatma-Zohra Khaled","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rock art of the Saharan Atlas, witness to large-scale climatic changes, provides valuable evidence on the different circulation movements and interactions between human groups. The diversity observed in the rock art stations in the south and south-west of the Ksours mountains testifies to an internal evolution but also to the contributions of different populations from elsewhere. This is the case of the station of Moghrar Tahtani which illustrates, through different themes, analogies with the engravings of the central Sahara. Indeed, this station brings together several elements that were introduced into the region as the Arriva log Saharan groups fleeing the forming desert.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"128 5","pages":"Article 103311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le Site Préhistorique et Protohistorique Karstique « Grottes d’Ibn Khaldoun » dans la reculée de Taoughzout, Tiaret-Ouest Algérien","authors":"Zakia Chabane","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The prehistoric and protohistoric site “Caves of Ibn Khaldoun” is among the archaeological sites of the Tiaret region. It is formed by a karst system, constitutes a set of natural habitations and troglodyte dwellings which are dug and arranged by the ancient human in the encrusted mosses of a fossil waterfall, in the right bank of the current waterfall of Oued Sidi Khaled in Taoughzout, in Tiaret region. Previously, the troglodyte caves of this site were arranged as Haouanet for installation of the dead during the protohistory. In the Middle Ages and in this site, Ibn Khaldoun wrote El-Mouqadima (Prolegomena) and part of the Kitab El-Ibar (1374–1378). Currently, the site is called “Ibn Khaldoun Caves”, “Ibn Khaldoun Retreat”, or “Kheloua”. Originally, these caves are natural cavities, resulting from the phenomena of usual dissolution in limestone, probably, these caves are occupied by prehistoric human too. A rocky chaos at the north side of the site, several heaped blocks caused by collapsed rock shelters which are inhabited by a prehistoric human until Holocene. At the bottom of this cliff, there is a concentration of prehistoric stone artifacts on the surface ; the most frequent raw material is flint.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"128 4","pages":"Article 103306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arts préhistoriques : un tournant ontologique ?","authors":"Emmanuelle Honoré","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social anthropology and archeology have long been seen as sister disciplines. However, when social anthropology has taken up the question of ontologies as early as the 1990s, archeology did not follow in such a blatant manner. For the study of prehistoric arts, ontological approaches remain few. In archaeology, such attempts face major methodological challenges, which relate to the archaeologist's point of view, the materiality of archaeological remains, the difficulty or impossibility of using ethnography, the polysemy of images, the pervasiveness of the tradition of representation, and finally to the fact that anthropologists have not yet provided a unified epistemological framework. This contribution proposes to portray and analyze past and current ontological approaches to prehistoric arts, by offering a short critical history, followed by a study of the paths taken to meet “the challenge of alterity” (Moro Abadía and Porr, 2021).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"128 5","pages":"Article 103310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stratégies d’habitat des chasseurs à l’Épipaléolithique de la région de l’Elbrouz, Nord Caucase","authors":"Liubov V. Golovanova ,&nbsp;Vladimir B. Doronichev ,&nbsp;Ivan G. Shirobokov ,&nbsp;Ekaterina V. Doronicheva","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The authors consider habitat strategies in Epipaleolithic sites in the north-central Caucasus, in the Elbrus region. The human occupation levels dating from 17 to 11/10<!--> <!-->ka ago in the Elbrus region were studied using the microstratigraphical method. The analysis of the assemblage composition, faunal remains and dwelling structures (bonfires, hearths, masonries) allows us to draw conclusions about peculiarities of economic specialization of individual occupational levels. The determination of habitation activity in occupational levels and industry characteristics depending on the type of human activity in the site is especially important for comparing simultaneous sites whose industries may have similar characteristics. The analysis of economic activity in each site can help to explain the specialization and specific differences between the sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"128 4","pages":"Article 103303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sortir de l’ombre l’art des cavernes","authors":"Georges Sauvet","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since we are unable to understand the meaning that Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers gave to their cave art, we are reduced to looking at it from the outside, trying only to decipher its structure, as revealed by quantitative choices and formal procedures. This is the only way we can approach, as anthropologists, the society in which prehistoric man lived and the existential questions he asked himself. Art is a powerful force for creating cultural unity between distant groups. By bringing a non-utilitarian dimension to the exchange networks that played a vital role, art has developed a model of social relations in which men and women learned to share ideas, values, beliefs and a vision of the world. In this sense, Palaeolithic art contributed to the creation of a genuine culture, whose heirs we are today. Through the model of animals, images played a key role in the construction of a society with intangible rules and norms. The exceptional role played by the horse for more than 25,000 years, throughout Europe, shows how a symbol can be used as a marker to unify a vast community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"128 5","pages":"Article 103312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}