Anthropologie最新文献

{"title":"Extraordinary large Hoabinhian tools from Xiaodong rockshelter, southwest China","authors":"Yuduan Zhou ,&nbsp;Yun Wu ,&nbsp;Kaiwei Qiu ,&nbsp;Shigui Zhang ,&nbsp;Biaobiao Wang ,&nbsp;Ruxi Yang ,&nbsp;Yu Ji ,&nbsp;Hongmei Xie ,&nbsp;Hongbo Zheng ,&nbsp;Yinghua Li ,&nbsp;Qing Yang ,&nbsp;Xueping Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Hoabinhian phenomenon was long considered a late Paleolithic technocomplex in Southeast Asia. Recently, the discovery of several Hoabinhian sites in southwest China largely expanded its tempo-spatial distributions and enriched the toolkit of Hoabinhian hunter-gatherers. The Hoabinbian stone tools are often made with river cobbles of large to medium size and rarely reach over 150<!--> <!-->mm and 1<!--> <!-->kg. However, this perspective towards Hoabinhian cutting tools can be updated with recurring tools made on massive and even giant boulders discovered at Chinese Hoabinhian sites. Here we present the mega lithic tools (&gt; 150<!--> <!-->mm, 2<!--> <!-->kg) from the first and also the currently known earliest Hoabinhian site – Xiaodong rockshelter in southwest China. These tools’ productional and techno-functional characteristics were described and illustrated, and whether they have utilitarian purposes was discussed. Although these massive, giant, heavy-duty Hoabinhian tools are morpho-typologically similar to those large-medium ones found at the site, their original size may endow new aspects (cognitive, technical, symbolic, social, etc.) to these tools that are still poorly understood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"128 1","pages":"Article 103235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140467333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L’industrie du Paléolithique inférieur du site de Nanposhan, Bassin de Bose, Province autonome du Guangxi Zhuang, R.P. de Chine","authors":"Li Quan ,&nbsp;Wei Jiang ,&nbsp;Feng Xiaobo ,&nbsp;Henry de Lumley ,&nbsp;José Braga","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Nanposhan site Nanposhan is an open-air prehistoric site, located on the fourth terrace (T4, Bose Basin) of the left bank of the Youjiang tributary of the Bose River, in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Province (China). This site yielded an abundant lithic industry (516 pieces). This lithic assemblage is mainly formed by abundant pebble tools, including choppers, rare picks and bifaces. The other flake tools, of small dimensions, which we call “small tools”, are rare and little retouched. According to the various typo-technological analyzes carried out on the Nanposhan industry, it belongs to the Lower Paleolithic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"128 1","pages":"Article 103237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140280723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The earliest human occupation of Atapuerca in the European context","authors":"Eudald Carbonell ,&nbsp;Xosé Pedro Rodríguez-Álvarez ,&nbsp;Josep M. Parés ,&nbsp;Rosa Huguet ,&nbsp;Jordi Rosell","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the body of knowledge on the first human occupations predating MIS 21 in the Atapuerca karst system. These occupations are described in terms of their ecological, cultural and technological context based on the Sima del Elefante and Gran Dolina sites. This paper focuses on the lower units of these sedimentary infills, specifically Unit TE9 of Sima del Elefante and Unit TD4 of Gran Dolina. In addition, evidence of the earliest human settlements in Europe is reviewed and hypotheses about the dynamics and intensity of that settlement are proposed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"128 1","pages":"Article 103233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140468806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Middle Stone Age at Equatorial Guinea: Technical and use-wear analysis of lithic bifacial points","authors":"Alejandro Terrazas-Mata ,&nbsp;Patricia Pérez-Martínez ,&nbsp;Héctor Víctor Cabadas-Báez ,&nbsp;Tamara Cruz-y-Cruz ,&nbsp;Beatriz Menéndez-Iglesias ,&nbsp;Jorge Rodríguez-Rivas ,&nbsp;Lilit Pogosyan ,&nbsp;Maximiliano Fero","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Lithic industries during the Upper Pleistocene in Equatorial Guinea may be broadly included in the Central African Middle </span>Stone Age (MSA) Lupemban tradition. However, these industries present certain particularities related to their raw materials, and stone-knapping sequences. In the case of bifacial tools, bifacial points are commonly found with a cortical reserved proximal portion that keeps the cortex covering the base and part of both faces. Bifacial points made on thin stone slabs that keep the cortex on the center of one or both faces are also commonly found. This knapping technique gives the idea of unfinished preform artifacts. The edges, however, suggest that both points and other bifacial artifacts were used for some tasks. A sample of these tools was taken from the open-air Mabewele I site to decide whether the MSA points from Equatorial Guinea were finished artifacts, in spite of the preservation of their cortex. Petrographic studies and macro and microscopic analyses of the use-wear traces and residues from retouched edges were also performed. The analysis clearly shows that the Mabewele I bifacial artifacts were used for plant processing, among other activities. The results confirmed the fact that cortical reserved-base points with cortex on one or both faces were intentionally manufactured, finished tools, rather than unfinished preforms. The petrographic analysis also shows the schistous nature of raw material and explains the shape and stepped edges of bifacial knives, extending our understanding of the unique technical characteristics of the MSA in Equatorial Guinea. It also provides new insights into some of the hunter-gatherer's subsistence strategies in the Central African tropical rainforest at the end of the Pleistocene.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"127 5","pages":"Article 103213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138549885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early or Middle Stone Age? The lithic assemblage of Capangombe – Santo António, Namibe Province (Angola)","authors":"Valter Piquete ,&nbsp;Telmo Pereira ,&nbsp;João Pedro P.G. Cunha Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Daniela de Matos","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Capangombe – Santo António is an open-air site located 596<!--> <span>m a.s.l. at the foothill of Morro Santo António, Namibe Province (southwest Angola). The inselberg of Santo António is associated to the Chela escarpment developing from the Marginal Mountain range parallel to the Atlantic Ocean, separating the Angolan inland plateau from the coastal semi-arid to arid plain. A dissected valley formed by the Leba-Capangombe stream exposed a conglomerate with abundant stone tools assigned to the Early Stone Age (ESA). The site was discovered in 1966 by Miguel Ramos, who collected a total of 1776 lithic artifacts, and further published a small report about the assemblage in 1971. In this preliminary analysis, Ramos focused on cleavers using the “French school” typology for the “hachereaux” in Northern Africa and concluded that there are several morphotypes identified in Capangombe-Santo António with specific features, suggesting the occurrence of a local tradition for the Late ESA/Middle Stone Age (MSA). The study presented here is a new analysis of the lithic assemblage curated at the University of Lisbon, Portugal. A sample of 1017 artefacts was analyzed for this project applying an extended descriptive methodology to characterize lithic raw material procurement, reduction sequences and typological classes. The chrono-cultural model initially proposed for the site is revised thanks to recent advances in Stone Age studies.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"127 5","pages":"Article 103214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138549941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le core-axe, un outil tropical à redéfinir : nouvelles données des collections Middle Stone Age de Nzako, République centrafricaine","authors":"Marie Josée Angue Zogo ,&nbsp;Isis Mesfin ,&nbsp;David Pleurdeau ,&nbsp;Geoffroy de Saulieu","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the lithic typology of the Middle Stone Age (MSA) of Central Africa, an emblematic piece is often found within the assemblages. These are tools obtained by shaping and characterized by the presence of two parallel to subparallel edges that have been named by many authors by the term of core-axes, a denomination that refers, by the process of ethnographic parallelism, to the axe and adze types, without having clearly proven that such an interpretation is possible. These core-axes are considered to be hallmarks of the Sangoan and Lupemban, two facies of the Central African MSA, but whose lithic assemblages remain mostly poorly contextualized and/or incomplete. These core-axes are particularly interesting because they have led to several hypotheses on the emergence of hafting, adaptation to rainforest environments, woodworking and digging during the Middle Stone Age, a key period for the emergence and development of <em>Homo sapiens</em> in Africa. Nevertheless, core-axes are still poorly defined in terms of production, techno-function and morphometry. To remedy this, we chose the core-axes of Nzako Ambilo and Nzako Kono, two Central African sites. These collections are kept at the <em>Institut de Paléontologie Humaine</em> in Paris. Through a productional and techno-functional study, the revision of these core-axes will allow us to observe a significant variability of the intra-assemblage technical variability. This variability suggests that these tools are much complex than initially suggested by prehistorians. This approach will lead us to new ideas on the use and hafting possibilities of these shaped tools characterized by parallel edges and which are typical of the Stone Age of Central Africa.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"127 5","pages":"Article 103194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138549891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-environmental implications of shifting subsistence practices at Diallowali, a Late Stone Age site system in the Middle Senegal Valley","authors":"Jessamy H. Doman,&nbsp;Peter R. Coutros","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>In this paper we present the results of archaeological research at the Late Stone Age site of Diallowali, located along the western edge of the Middle Senegal Valley, northern Senegal. As the occupation spans the period between 3100-2400 years BP, it is contemporary with few other West African sites, and therefore represents a unique – and uniquely detailed – archive. Excavations conducted between 2014–2017 revealed deeply stratified and dense deposits, yielding more than 5,000</span> <!-->kg of pottery and 169<!--> <!-->kg of faunal material – the largest faunal assemblage of any site in West Africa. Thus, the present study focuses on the zooarchaeological data and their implications for shifting environmental conditions, subsistence practices, and social institutions at the site. The faunal assemblage reflects the exploitation of a remarkable diversity of wild animals, including a range of bovids, suids, carnivores, rodents, hippopotami, birds, and various aquatic resources – representing local conditions at the end of the African Humid Period. Interestingly, the consistent presence of domestic livestock, as well as <em>Bos taurus</em> figurines and ceramic ‘arm-bands’ throughout the occupation support a connection to Saharan agro-pastoral communities possibly escaping the Late Holocene aridification. Therefore, the keeping of low numbers of <em>Bos</em> <em>taurus</em> and <em>Ovis/Capra</em>, while maintaining a high reliance on hunting, fishing, and gathering wild plants, likely functioned as a risk-buffering strategy to manage against environmentally unpredictable periods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"127 5","pages":"Article 103210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138549942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recherches archéologiques sur les amas coquilliers de la Basse Casamance : le cas de Niomoune dans les îles Bliss, Sénégal","authors":"Demba Kébé ,&nbsp;Fodé Diakho ,&nbsp;Djidere Baldé ,&nbsp;Djibril Thiam ,&nbsp;Arfang Sarr ,&nbsp;Abdou Badji","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Anthropogenic shellfish mounds exist in all the Bliss Islands (e.g., Niomoune, Hitou, Kandé), in Senegal. They are now threatened by anthropic activities and by the effects of climate change. In the perspective of rescue archaeology, our study focuses on the Niomoune shell mounds which are the most threatened. Of the eight clusters found at Niomoune, two are sacred (Arch 06 and Arch 08). Despite being reworked, these shell mounds are thought to predate the current settlement of Niomoune. Our prospecting and excavation work has enabled us to establish a material culture history including remains of ceramic, iron, and glass. The five charcoal samples dated by radiocarbon place the beginning of the occupation of Niomoune between 21AD and 204AD. This chronological sequence belongs to the early Iron Age in Senegal, which began in 1100 BC at Dialowali, Senegal River valley. This paper aims to determine the periods of the different human settlement dynamics at Niomoune based on the archaeological data, and to characterize the artefacts collected by placing them in the cultural ensembles of the Lower Casamance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"127 5","pages":"Article 103216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138549894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Préhistoire de l’Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre : entre traditions de pensée et renouveaux épistémiques","authors":"Isis Isabella Mesfin ,&nbsp;Djibril Thiam ,&nbsp;Eslem Ben Arous ,&nbsp;Igor Matonda ,&nbsp;Maria-Helena Benjamim","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103220","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"127 5","pages":"Article 103220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138548825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le site de Batanga centrale 2, dans la province de l’Ogooué-maritime (Gabon) : approche typo technologique du matériel lithique récolté en surfaces","authors":"Stecy Meyono-Ilougou","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>La province de l’Ogooué-maritime est véritablement connue du domaine de l’archéologie dès les années 1980 par les chercheurs du LANA, sous l’impulsion de Lazare Digombé, Michel Locko et leur (s) équipe (s). Un peu plus de 30 ans après, les premières missions de recherches, des ramassages de surface non loin de la centrale de traitement des hydrocarbures de la société Perenco, Batanga centrale 2 ont livré la documentation archéologique retenue pour ce travail. Cette étude technologique a permis de déterminer une chaîne opératoire adaptée à la production d’éclats à partir de plaquettes de silex roulées et de rares galets ovoïdes. Le débitage est essentiellement représenté avec différents schémas opératoires (unipolaire, bipolaire et centripète). L’analyse des nucléus atteste d’un caractère particulièrement déterminant pour les processus de débitage en raison de la morphologie, de la texture et des modules des blocs. L’étude typologique signale une forte présence d’éclats corticaux ou non, de petites dimensions, assez larges et assez épais, de nucléus et de blocs ayant rarement servi de percuteurs. Les éclats en présence semblent caractériser les objectifs du débitage. Aucun outil typologiquement identifiable n’a été relevé. La céramique est attestée par quelques tessons également récoltés en surface. Des éléments liés à l’alimentation ont également pu être approchés par quelques restes de coquilles probablement des huîtres. Au regard des objets en présence, ce site peut être attribué à la fin du <em>Late Stone Age</em>.</p></div><div><p>The province of Ogooué-Maritime has been known to the field of archaeology since the 1980s by LANA researchers, under the impetus of Lazare Digombé, Michel Locko and their team(s). A little more than 30 years after the first research missions, surface collections not far from the Perenco company's hydrocarbon processing plant, Batanga Centrale 2, provided the archaeological documentation selected for this work. This technological study made it possible to determine a chain of operations adapted to the production of flakes from rolled flint plates and rare ovoid pebbles. The debitage is essentially represented with different operating schemes (unipolar, bipolar and centripetal). The analysis of the nuclei shows that the morphology, texture and moduli of the blocks are particularly decisive for the debitage processes. The typological study indicates a strong presence of cortical or non-cortical flakes, of small dimensions, fairly wide and fairly thick, of nuclei and of blocks that were rarely used as strikers. The flakes present seem to characterise the objectives of the debitage. No typologically identifiable tools were found. Ceramics are attested by a few shards also collected on the surface. Elements related to food could also be approached by some remains of shells, probably oysters. In view of the objects present, this site can be attributed to the Late Stone Age.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"127 5","pages":"Article 103221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138549892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}