Anthropologie最新文献

{"title":"Dental modification techniques in Neolithic and modern Cambodia","authors":"Jean-Pierre de Saint-Aubert ,&nbsp;Sophie de Saint-Aubert ,&nbsp;Heng Sophady ,&nbsp;Estelle Joffre ,&nbsp;Hubert Forestier ,&nbsp;Ngov Kosal ,&nbsp;Valery Zeitoun","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intentional dental modifications are known to have occurred on several continents at different periods and have been used as a diachronic bio-cultural marker to reconstruct the history of human settlement<span> on different geographical scales. Such practices, present since the Neolithic in Southeast Asia, are thought to have originated in China and to co-exist in different forms in archaeological sites. There are many gaps and the proportion of archaeological evidence of these practices varies, making it impossible to trace their history and evolution perfectly. However, in Cambodia, cases of dental ablations are known from the Neolithic, the Metal Age and historical periods, and joint cases of dental abrasions or ablations have been attested since the Metal Age. As cases of dental abrasion were documented right up to the end of the twentieth century, this article aims to provide information on the still living memory of the motivations and techniques used by the mountain populations of Cambodia. As a complement and in comparison, we will present the unpublished cases of the Neolithic burials at the Laang Spean site, which bear witness to similar practices and raise questions about their relationship with those that persist today among certain ethnic groups.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"127 4","pages":"Article 103193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136094972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outils bifaciaux multifonctionnels emmanchés comme marqueurs des premiers habitants des forêts de montagne en Colombie occidentale","authors":"Carlos Eduardo López,&nbsp;Martha Cecilia Cano","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The sub-Andean forests in the Middle Cauca River Valley (Central West of Colombia) show evidences of preceramic lithic industry, recovered from paleo-soils buried by volcanic debris. Their production and use were dated by 12,000 to 4000 BP. Lithic assemblages included cobbles with modified edges with surface modification by use. According to the shape, size or raw material those instruments were used as hammers or ground-stones. Other flint knapped products, such as cores and flakes, or products of bipolar percussion, are present. Additionally, in those cultural contexts there were some particular instruments with bifacial manufacture, standardized shape and preparation for hafting. Those instruments were used in different tasks, basically for preparation of soils toward domestication and harvest of plants. Lithic assemblages were localized on rolling hills, alluvial or colluvial terraces. Artifacts demonstrated careful selection of raw material, from volcanic or metamorphic origin. A relative stability can be proposed during the Early and Middle Holocene in the inland basin of Cauca, taking into account the similar typological and technological characteristics of the lithic ensembles, attesting to the role of this region in the origins of horticulture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"127 4","pages":"Article 103191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136128024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Façonnage unifacial et débitage bipolaire sur enclume : deux classiques de la préhistoire brésilienne","authors":"Antoine Lourdeau ,&nbsp;Jade Paiva De Lima ,&nbsp;Cleiciane Aiane Noleto","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the Brazilian tropics, while <em>débitage</em> methods have generally undergone limited evolution, various solutions were sought to obtain tool blanks with controlled volumetric characteristics during the late Pleistocene and Holocene periods. One such solution was the unifacial shaping. It was particularly developed between 12,000 and 8000 BP in a vast area of central Brazil. It produced tools with varied functional potential. These unifacial pieces are found in a technical system where they are complemented by relatively standardized retouched flakes. This ensemble corresponds to what is known as the Itaparica Technocomplex, and emerged at a decisive moment in the densification of the region's population. Bipolar-on-anvil <em>débitage</em> is another facet of the technical solutions developed by prehistoric populations in Brazil. Although it receives less attention in the literature than other productions, it is nonetheless almost ubiquitous. Using a variety of methods, this <em>débitage</em> can be employed to produce a wide range of products, depending on the period and context. Recurrently, it is used to obtain medium to very small-sized products, whose functional purpose is not always well understood. These two examples illustrate the particularities of the technical history of Brazil's prehistoric populations. They highlight the choice of a different trajectory from that of their European contemporaries, who focused instead on the development of <em>débitage</em> concepts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"127 4","pages":"Article 103189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136117667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The knapping strategies in the Paleolithic on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, southwest China: A regional particularity","authors":"Yuduan Zhou ,&nbsp;Zixuan Shen ,&nbsp;Yun Wu ,&nbsp;Sifu Cai ,&nbsp;Hubert Forestier ,&nbsp;Xueping Ji ,&nbsp;Yinghua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Paleolithic industry in southern China has long been considered as “cobble-tool tradition” or “chopper-chopping tool”, or even “Mode 1” in the international community since the 1940s (Movius, 1948). However, these denominations are biased since local facts are much more diversified not only because of the discovery of the bifacial phenomenon in Bose (Guangxi, southern China), but also the presence of a debitage (core-flaking) tradition on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of southwestern China. This study will present the general lithic traditions in the southwestern Chinese provinces of Guizhou and Yunnan, where existed a long-lasting debitage culture and small flake-tool industry in the lithic assemblages dating to the Early Pleistocene until the Early Holocene. These lithic traditions are still not well recognized among researchers, and this situation could hinder the discussion of other archaeological phenomena in this region, such as the emergence of the Hoabinhian in Yunnan Province. The debitage tradition in southwestern China may represent regional adaptations and technological stability of the populations in a subtropical mountainous and forest environment. In this context, the appearance of large shaped tools and other knapping strategies and bone industry in the final Late Pleistocene (after 50–40 ka BP) on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau seems to be a “sudden event” and may indicate local innovations or the arrival of new populations, and contribute to the cultural diversification in the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"127 4","pages":"Article 103195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136160807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Du minéral à la structure et vice-versa : nouvelles observations méthodologiques et expérimentales sur le phénomène galet depuis les régions tropicales d’Amérique du Sud","authors":"Antonio Pérez-Balarezo ,&nbsp;Marcos Paulo de Melo Ramos ,&nbsp;Sibeli A. Viana ,&nbsp;Anderson Marques Garcia ,&nbsp;Edwin Silva ,&nbsp;Éric Boëda","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the field of archaeology, the pebble — a raw mineral material — is frequently subject to biased interpretations that obstruct its objective comprehension. Countering stereotypes that equate the pebble with primitiveness, this article seeks to reevaluate its technical utility. We delineate three primary methods of pebble exploitation: (1) unaltered use, wherein its mass serves functions such as a percussor or projectile, via a process of complete Affordance; (2) complete transformation into a distinct tool through the processes of Shaping or Flaking; and (3) its conceptualization as an assemblage composed of multiple sub-units, which through the interplay of Shaping, Flaking, and Affordance, constitute a matrix. This latter approach necessitates the acknowledgement that certain sections of the pebble are intentionally selected and conserved for prospective technical functions. Building on this classification, we scrutinize a range of archaeological and experimental instances from tropical regions where the pebble holds a pivotal role in toolkits. Through a techno-functional examination, we underscore the complexity of the pebble as a technical entity, thus revealing the distinctiveness of numerous cultures throughout history. This study suggests an alternative to the dominant interpretation focused on the peri-Mediterranean region, instead casting the pebble as a unique, diverse, universal, and timeless phenomenon.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"127 4","pages":"Article 103171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135889872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New technological considerations on some Lupemban museum collections from the Congo Basin","authors":"Isis Mesfin ,&nbsp;Alice Leplongeon ,&nbsp;Julia Cabanès ,&nbsp;Marie-Josée Angue Zogo ,&nbsp;David Pleurdeau","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>In the Congo Basin, a regional industry attributed to the Middle Stone Age, the Lupemban, has been empirically considered as a technological adaptation to African tropical rainforests. The “forest industry” hypothesis is based on the presence of diverse heavy-duty tools and their location on the valley bottoms of the Congo Basin. Nowadays, the Lupemban complex in Central Africa remains poorly contextualized preventing us from integrating this geographical crossroad into a pan-African Middle Stone Age framework. Other features such as blade production, backing, hafting and pigment-use are also associated with the Lupemban complex, suggesting an important role of this industry for understanding the emergence and intra-continental diffusion of modern human behaviours. However, this was lacking strong supporting evidence such as chronological, stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental context, as well as thorough technological and functional evaluation. Indeed, only few sites contributed to define the Lupemban and these latters are mainly peripheral to the Congo Basin. In addition, most of the Congo Basin Lupemban collections have been collected several decades ago. Even though poorly documented, these collections constitute a major fund for documenting the prevailing technological features of the Lupemban. Here, we present a technological analysis of lithic production using a qualitative approach to describe five Lupemban lithic collection stored at the </span><em>Museum national d’Histoire naturelle</em> and at the <em>Institut de Paléontologie Humaine</em> that were collected between the 1930s and 1970s in the Central African Republic and the Republic of Congo. We highlight some repeated technological patterns and discuss their representativity for characterizing Central African Upper Pleistocene lithic assemblage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"127 4","pages":"Article 103190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136102248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Des civilisations du végétal préhistoriques sous les tropiques ?","authors":"Hermine Xhauflair ,&nbsp;Antoine Lourdeau ,&nbsp;Dylan Gaffney ,&nbsp;Anne Ford ,&nbsp;Daud Tanudirjo ,&nbsp;Sheldon Clyde Jago-on","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Did a toolkit made of plants exist in tropical forests during prehistory? If so, what was its impact on lithic technology? In Southeast Asia and Papua New Guinea, the “simplicity” of lithic industries has been interpreted as the reflection of a technical investment in another material: bamboo. The material clues, including traces of wear and residues on lithic artefacts, show that if a perishable material culture did exist, in the Philippines and in New Guinea, the Bamboo Hypothesis must be nuanced and extended to the plant world in the broad sense. Various plants have been exploited, including palm, to carry out activities that go beyond the manufacture of bamboo knives and arrows: splitting of rigid plants, fibre processing, manufacturing of ropes or baskets. If the relationship with the forest is developed on all continents and combines botanical knowledge, anthropogenization of the landscape and hunting of arboreal animals, its impact on lithics toolkits varies. In South America, stone tools become rarer in forest environment and the operating sequences become simpler. On the contrary, lithic industries of Africa and Sri Lanka show great technical know-how and are characterized by great standardization. Living in the rainforest does not necessarily imply abandoning the mineral to focus on plants and the part of cultural choices was large. A prehistoric plant technology is increasingly attested in Southeast Asia and Papua New Guinea thanks to use-wear analyses but remains to be demonstrated in other tropical regions of the world.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"127 4","pages":"Article 103192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135614737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le façonnage unifacial sur galet en Asie du Sud-Est : l’Hoabinhien du Cambodge","authors":"Hubert Forestier ,&nbsp;Heng Sophady ,&nbsp;Yinghua Li ,&nbsp;Cyril Viallet ,&nbsp;Yun Wu ,&nbsp;Xueping Ji ,&nbsp;Yuduan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Hoabinhian represents an iconic pebble facies associated with the tropical forest regions of Southeast Asia, dating from the end of the Upper Pleistocene to the middle of the Holocene. In a region distinguished by the existence of multiple human populations, it emerges and then vanishes when only modern humans remain. This technical phenomenon is defined by the crafting of weighty, thick tools from pebbles, including unifaces, choppers, chopping tools, and splits, with bifacial pieces appearing less frequently. Notably absent from this last Paleolithic hunter-gatherer-forager toolkit are armatures, projectiles, or arrowheads. Therefore, in Southeast Asia, there seems to be a lack of technical evolution in lithic industries and no archaeological evidence of hunting projectiles from 40,000 to 4000 BP. This positions the Hoabinhian pebble tools as a part of the broader question concerning human adaptation, specifically technical behavior, forest subsistence, and life in the tropics. Compared to the contemporary Upper Palaeolithic in the West, these pebble industries might seem to exhibit technical-temporal inertia without significant change, or even a cognitive regression. However, without invoking any eco-geographical determinism, we find ourselves examining a unique and radical technical choice that originated in the forest, representing a dialogue between technology and the tropical environment. The Hoabinhian case is a phenomenon that signifies a balance between the mineral world and a specific plant, namely bamboo. The archaeological invisibility of lithic material (like pointed weapons and armatures) is logically offset by plant material, sometimes siliceous like bamboo. The Hoabinhian technique represents a novel complexity and modernity that only modern <em>Homo sapiens</em> has managed to invent. The persistence of this technical phenomenon in a humid tropical context, associated with perishable materials, contrasts sharply with the conventional prehistoric narrative of the Western world. By using examples taken from Hoabinhian material uncovered during recent excavations in the Laang Spean cave in Cambodia by the MEAE's “Mission Préhistorique Franco-Cambodgienne”, we aim to illustrate the originality and diversity of lithic reduction sequences on pebbles. We will also propose functional hypotheses for these pebbles using a structural approach based on 3D modeling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"127 4","pages":"Article 103185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136094701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La recherche préhistorique du Pléistocène et de l’Holocène en Amérique du Sud : une perspective techno-fonctionnelle","authors":"Marina González-Varas","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The field of prehistoric research in South America has been shaped by various schools of thought. Historically, the French School probably focused more on the most ancient periods. This school has applied rigorous excavation methods, including spatial studies, 3D recording of archaeological remains, and technological analyses of lithic artifacts. In the past two decades, a new school of thought — functional technology — has emerged, offering a fresh perspective in prehistoric research. This article aims to undertake an historical review of academic contributions on this theme, reflect on the impact of this school as a methodological cornerstone for lithic studies in South America, and propose scientific guidelines for current and future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"127 4","pages":"Article 103168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45306681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding “déjetés” flakes: Investigating the anatomical factors behind asymmetrical flake attributes","authors":"Amir Beshkani","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The primary emphasis of this study is placed on the “déjetés” flakes within the context of the Zagros Mousterian industry. The objective is to explore how various knapping gestures and positions of the upper limbs may influence the attributes of these blanks. The hypothesis proposed establishes a potential correlation between the probale more limited abduction range in Neanderthals, the altered direction of force applied during the impact, and the flakes that are released diagonally.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"127 4","pages":"Article 103197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136102429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}