Anthropologie最新文献

Archives of our past: The human bones of Megalitho da Cabecinha Grande (Figueira da Foz, Portugal) 我们过去的档案：大卡贝辛哈Megalitho的人骨（葡萄牙Figueira da Foz）

IF 0.6 4区地球科学

Anthropologie Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103371

Ana Maria Silva , John Willman

{"title":"Archives of our past: The human bones of Megalitho da Cabecinha Grande (Figueira da Foz, Portugal)","authors":"Ana Maria Silva , John Willman","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>Megalitho da Cabecinha Grande</em> (Figueira da Foz, Coimbra, Portugal) is one of the many dolmens of the Atlantic megalithic necropolis explored by António Santos Rocha at the end of the nineteenth century. A very fragmentated, disarticulated, and poorly preserved assemblage of human skeletal remains was recovered from a disturbed chamber. These correspond to a minimum of 18 individuals: 10 adults (both sexes) and 8 non-adults. Elevated biomechanical stress is suggested based on several skeletal markers that include non-metric traits and the thickness of femoral cortical bone, elevated robustness of several other long bone diaphysis, and a Schmorl's node on a lumbar vertebra. Osteological analysis was supplemented with examination of written sources from the excavation to gain inferences about funerary practices. The dolmen architecture, artefacts and radiocarbon dating of a human bone sample, confirm the Chalcolithic chronology. The importance of these skeletal remains derives not only from their being recovered from an expansive megalithic necropolis, but also because they come from a region represented by poorly preserved human skeletal remains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 3","pages":"Article 103371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Étude technologique des industries des sites holocènes de la région du lac Kudaykol (Kazakhstan septentrional) 库代科尔湖（哈萨克斯坦北部）全新世遗址工业技术研究

IF 0.6 4区地球科学

Anthropologie Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103364

Yelena K. Tusheva , Saule Z. Rakhimzhanova , Rimma N. Aminova

{"title":"Étude technologique des industries des sites holocènes de la région du lac Kudaykol (Kazakhstan septentrional)","authors":"Yelena K. Tusheva , Saule Z. Rakhimzhanova , Rimma N. Aminova","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper shows the lithic collections from the Kudaykol 1–3 sites. They come from the safeguarding work carried out near the eponymous lake in Northern Kazakhstan in 2018–2019. The material consists of Holocene archaeological material discovered on the shores of the lake. It is placed in the chrono-cultural context of the development of the region's industries. The context is based on the stratified Shiderty 3 site and the Ekibastuz 17, Sharbakty 1 sites from Northern and North-Eastern Kazakhstan. The study is based on a historical and cultural approach. The archaeological complexes represent the result of human activities conditioned by many external factors. The main method is based on technological and typological approaches. The field methods are the planigraphy and the reconstruction of relative chronology. For the study, the collection was grouped into series according to raw material in order to compare them with the collections from the stratified Shiderty 3 site. This one made it possible to propose the cultural and chronological model for the development of the lithic industries from the Northern Saryarka region. The Mesolithic material is similar to that from the Shiderty culture complexes in North-Eastern Kazakhstan. The Lower Neolithic complex has similarities with the Shiderty 3, Telmana XIV and Nurmambet I site. The Middle Neolithic collections correspond to the Atbasar culture of Northern Kazakhstan. The Upper Neolithic collection is correlated with that from the Sharbakty 1, Borly and Shiderty 3 sites, located on the left and right banks of the Irtysh River. The Eneolithic complex is close to the industries at the Ekibastuz 17, Temirastau and Shiderty 3 sites. According to the obtained results, these people were hunters and gatherers who lived on these sites between the Mesolithic and the Eneolithic periods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 2","pages":"Article 103364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Paléolithique supérieur ancien des piémonts du Tian-Shan septentrional (Kazakhstan du Sud-est). Dernières découvertes et état de la recherche 天山北部（哈萨克斯坦东南部）旧石器时代晚期的古代山麓。最新发现与研究现状

IF 0.6 4区地球科学

Anthropologie Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103368

Dmitri V. Ozherelyev , Talgat B. Mamirov

{"title":"Paléolithique supérieur ancien des piémonts du Tian-Shan septentrional (Kazakhstan du Sud-est). Dernières découvertes et état de la recherche","authors":"Dmitri V. Ozherelyev , Talgat B. Mamirov","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Upper Palaeolithic is little studied in Kazakhstan. The few stratified sites were known in this vast region until recent years. However, the research begun in the 2000s has made it possible to locate numerous multi-layered sites in Southeast Kazakhstan, particularly in the foothills of the Northern Tian-Shan. The sites contain many layers of the Early Upper Palaeolithic (EUP). The Maybulak, Rakhat, Uzynagash 1–2, Kyzylauz 2 and Kuruma sites were discovered between 2004 and 2023 and are currently being studied. The sites are characterised by the presence of fireplaces, conservation pits and charcoal stains. The archaeological material consists of lithic objects and sporadic fragments of animal bones. Radiocarbon dating of the EUP layers from these sites shows a period of ∼35,000–27,500 uncal BP (∼41,000–30,000cal BP). The lithic industries is divided into three principal complexes: the first complex with a dating of>41,000cal BP, the second complex with a dating of ∼41,000–39,500cal BP and the third complex with a dating of ∼36,000–30,000cal BP. A cultural hiatus is attested between ∼39,500–36,000cal BP. Overall, the EUP industries of the Northern Tian-Shan have similarities with the proto-Aurignacian and Aurignacian industries. However, they also show an original aspect. A major new cultural complex of the EUP sites is thus located in the foothills of the Northern Tian-Shan. In general terms, it can be considered as a Tian-Shan Aurignacian variant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 2","pages":"Article 103368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamique culturelle des industries lithiques du site Paléolithique supérieur de Rakhat (Tian-Shan septentrional) Rakhat（天山北部）旧石器时代晚期石刻工业的文化动态

IF 0.6 4区地球科学

Anthropologie Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103351

Dmitri V. Ozherelyev , Talgat B. Mamirov

{"title":"Dynamique culturelle des industries lithiques du site Paléolithique supérieur de Rakhat (Tian-Shan septentrional)","authors":"Dmitri V. Ozherelyev , Talgat B. Mamirov","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The territory of present-day Kazakhstan presents the major part of Central Asia, extending from the Caspian Sea in the west to the Altai Mountains in the east. More than a dozen Upper Palaeolithic sites was discovered during intensive archaeological work in recent years in the foothills of the northern Tian-Shan (Ili Alatau). Among them, the Rakhat site takes a special place. The archaeological layers of the site are located in loess. In 2018–2023, the whole 13 m-thick loess deposit was excavated over an area of ∼ 60 m. In total, the Rakhat site consists of 16 archaeological layers. Almost every layer is represented by hearths, fireplaces or charcoal stains. All the layers are characterised by short-lived, probably seasonal, occupations. The total collection consists of 9267 lithic finds. The layers are grouped into three levels : layer 12 is attributed to the end of the Early Upper Palaeolithic (∼ 28000–27000 years uncal. BP); layers 11, 10, 9, 8/1, 8/2, 7, 6 represent the Middle Upper Palaeolithic (∼ 25200-23300 yeans uncal. BP); layers 5, 4/4, 4/3, 4/2, 4/1, 3, 2, 1 determine the beginning of the Final Upper Palaeolithic (∼ 20300–19300 years uncal. BP). A hiatus linked to one of the unfavourable periods of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was determined between the last two levels. The site highlights the beginning and transformation of different cultural complexes in conditions of climatic change during the Last Glacial Maximum in the interior regions of Central Asia. Overall, the material from the site shows, on the one hand, the identity of the Upper Palaeolithic cultural complexes in this region. On the other hand, it demonstrates that the Upper Palaeolithic in the northern Tian-Shan fallows follows a common cultural vector, typical of the western part of Eurasia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 2","pages":"Article 103351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genèse des sites néolithiques de la région de la Mer d’Aral 咸海地区新石器时代遗址的起源

IF 0.6 4区地球科学

Anthropologie Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103369

Saule Zh. Rakhimzhanova , Yelena К. Tusheva , Rimma N. Aminova , Yslam S. Kurmaniyazov , Zhanna T. Akkoshkarova

引用次数: 0

Rôle de l’Asie centrale dans la dispersion des industries du Micoquien/KMG en Eurasie 中亚在Micoquien/KMG产业在欧亚地区分散中的作用

IF 0.6 4区地球科学

Anthropologie Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103370

Aleksander K. Otcherednoy , Olga A. Artyukhova , Talgat B. Mamirov , Evgeniya A. Osipova , Anton R. Lada , Ekaterina V. Pugacheva , Dmitri V. Ozherelyev

{"title":"Rôle de l’Asie centrale dans la dispersion des industries du Micoquien/KMG en Eurasie","authors":"Aleksander K. Otcherednoy , Olga A. Artyukhova , Talgat B. Mamirov , Evgeniya A. Osipova , Anton R. Lada , Ekaterina V. Pugacheva , Dmitri V. Ozherelyev","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dispersal of Middle Palaeolithic Micoquian/KMG industries in Eurasia is generally linked in the current literature to the migrations of groups of Neanderthals who, through these movements from Central and Eastern Europe, reached the Altaï, the South-eastern part of Western Siberia. In the meantime, the emergence of Micoquian industries in the Altaï can be explained by different reasons. This hypothesis is favoured by the presence of industries and isolated pieces linked to the Micoquian/KMG in Central Kazakhstan, mainly in its eastern part, near Lake Balkhash. The identification of these industries in Kazakhstan is mostly based on a technological study, because stratified sites are currently absent in this region and all Middle Palaeolithic sites are characterised solely by surface collections. The study of the collections is based on the identification of the technologies used in manufacturing of <em>Keilmesser</em>, asymmetrical tools with several cutting edges and different types of back. This is a category of complex bifacial tools, associated with the Micoquian/KMG of different regions in Europe, the Levant and Northern Africa. This paper presents the results of studies of collections from four sites: Shakhbagata (east coast of the Caspian Sea, Mangyshlak Peninsula), Semizbugu (Saryarka, northern region of Lake Balkhash), Khanatu (Chu-Ili Mountains, south-western region of Lake Balkhash) and Chingiz (eastern region of Lake Balkhash). This new approach to study the mentioned collections and the results are unprecedented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 2","pages":"Article 103370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Culture énéolithique de Botaï-Tersek au Kazakhstan septentrional 哈萨克斯坦北部的Botai -Tersek新石器时代文化

IF 0.6 4区地球科学

Anthropologie Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103363

Sergey V. Zakharov

{"title":"Culture énéolithique de Botaï-Tersek au Kazakhstan septentrional","authors":"Sergey V. Zakharov","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The final period of the Palaeolithic in Northern Kazakhstan is highly represented by Eneolithic sites of the Botai-Tersek culture. This paper provides an overview and principal information on the material criteria of this culture. The major sites are the Botai, the Krasnyj Yar I, the Vasilkovka IV, the Kozhai 1 and the Kumkeshu 1. They are situated in two regions bordering Northern Kazakhstan. These are the Turgay depression and the north-western part of the Sary-Arka region. These large sites were occupied for a long time. They are represented by dozens and hundreds of semi-buried habitats. The faunal assemblage from the major sites is predominated by horse bones. The material is best represented by lithic and bone tools, ceramics and engraved phalanges of horses and other ungulate species. The collections are abundant and very diversified. The knapping is based both on the production of flake tools and bifacial retouching. The collections are dominated by lithic and bone tools for hunting and for treatment of raw materials of animal origin. The round-based, low-streamlined ceramic vessels are decorated with geometric compositions with straight lines. The major questions are about the development and origine of the Botai-Tersek culture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 2","pages":"Article 103363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Découverte des sites paléolithiques dans les régions intramontagneuses du Tian-Shan septentrional (Kazakhstan du Sud-est) 在天山北部（哈萨克斯坦东南部）山区发现旧石器时代遗址

IF 0.6 4区地球科学

Anthropologie Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103350

Dmitri V. Ozherelyev , Talgat B. Mamirov , Rimma N. Aminova , Kanat A. Eskendirov , Anton I. Ferapontov

{"title":"Découverte des sites paléolithiques dans les régions intramontagneuses du Tian-Shan septentrional (Kazakhstan du Sud-est)","authors":"Dmitri V. Ozherelyev , Talgat B. Mamirov , Rimma N. Aminova , Kanat A. Eskendirov , Anton I. Ferapontov","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most Palaeolithic sites, known in the Northern Tian-Shan are located in the foothills. In 2021, during a survey campaign, the Kazakh-Russian Palaeolithic expedition discovered a group of Palaeolithic sites, Saryzhasyk 1–4, in the intramountain valley of the Kastek river (Ile-Alatau ridge, absolute altitude 1776m–1801m above current sea level). The sites are located on the large fluvio-glacial detrital fan of a small mountain river. The detrital fan consists of two levels of different periods. Their formation is linked to the melting of glaciers from two glacial periods of the Upper Pleistocene. Each level of the detrital fan is characterised by two groups of sites attributed to different periods. The sites are represented by one archaeological layer, identified in the overlying loess at a shallow depth. The Saryzhazyk 3 site yielded 36 finds made in grey effusive rock (Levallois cores, flakes, blades, blade tools), which come from a small excavation area (S=4m<sup>2</sup>). The Saryzhazyk 1 site shows 972 finds (S=28 m<sup>2</sup>), most of which were made in burgundy porphyrite. The collection mainly consists both of <em>debitage</em> products and rare tools (scrapers, retouched flakes, backed blades). According to the technological and typological criteria of the collections, the Saryzhazyk Gorge was populated during two periods: at the end of the Middle Palaeolithic (or at the beginning of the Upper Palaeolithic, MIS 3; Saryzhazyk 2–3 sites) and at the end of the Middle Upper Palaeolithic (MIS 2; Saryzhazyk 1, 4 sites).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 2","pages":"Article 103350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Les premières traces de l'activité humaine du Paléolithique inférieur au Kazakhstan central 哈萨克斯坦中部旧石器时代晚期人类活动的第一个痕迹

IF 0.6 4区地球科学

Anthropologie Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103365

Valery S. Voloshin

{"title":"Les premières traces de l'activité humaine du Paléolithique inférieur au Kazakhstan central","authors":"Valery S. Voloshin","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>From the 1960s to the present day, Central Kazakhstan has yielded abundant Lower Palaeolithic material. Nevertheless, with a few exceptions, this material is represented by lithic collections from surface sites. This fact has led to a series of speculative theories about the geological period of the Lower Palaeolithic complexes, identified on surface material according to wind erosion criteria. These are also theories about the earliest human occupation of the region. Even now, the Batpak 19–20 sites (watershed of the Nura and Ishim rivers) represent the only exception. Palaeomagnetic studies of the geological sections of the sites allowed to establish the following stratigraphic groups: the Batpak group (probable age between 650 and 400 Ka), the Lower Aktasty group (Apcheron period, Lower Pleistocene) and the Upper Aktasty group (Akchagyl period, around Matuyama). The archaeological material first comes from the deposits of the Lower Aktasty stratigraphic series, from the basal horizon, associated with the remains of <em>Hipparion hippidiodus</em> (Aktasty I industry). Secondly, it is issue from the upper soil of the Aktasty pedological complex that crowns the stratigraphic series (Aktasty II industry). Both industries show specific characteristics, partly linked to the use of bad quality raw materials (metamorphosed quartzite and quartz). They are characterised by massive, pointed tools, some of which are close to the Lower Acheulean proto-handaxes and cutting tools and by burins or burin-type tools, typical of the Oldowayan. Pointed tools of specific shape are described separately. Apparently, these were the hunting tools of prehistoric Man. The age of the industries is theoretically estimated at 2.6–2.3 Ma for the Aktasty I unit and 1.8 Ma for the Aktasty II unit. This paper presents two chronological series of Lower Palaeolithic pebble industries from the Zhuantyube 1 surface site (Betpak-Dala desert) that are traditionally attributed to the Upper Pliocene – Lower Pleistocene period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 2","pages":"Article 103365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Le Kazakhstan avant l’Histoire : mythe ou réalité ? 历史前的哈萨克斯坦：神话还是现实？

IF 0.6 4区地球科学

Anthropologie Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103366

Evgeniya A. Osipova , Talgat B. Mamirov

引用次数: 0