Anthropologie最新文献

{"title":"Continuité technologique lithique dans la grotte de Youmbidi, Gabon, à l’Holocène récent : implications pour la compréhension des interactions culturelles en Afrique centrale atlantique","authors":"Marie-Josée Angue Zogo ,&nbsp;Isis Mesfin ,&nbsp;Geoffroy de Saulieu ,&nbsp;Richard Oslisly","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2026.103465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2026.103465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While the Bantu expansion has been central to research on the Late Holocene of Central Africa, its impact on hunter-gatherer populations remains archaeologically unknown. Developing an <em>archaeology of contact</em> between populations with different subsistence strategies and technological traditions is essential for understanding the evolution of cultural and economic interactions within the “villagers”/“pygmies” duality. At present, lithic technology remains the only proxy capable of documenting these remote periods, which may be crucial for reconstructing techno-cultural trajectories before and after the arrival of village-based populations. Fine-grained archaeological chrono-stratigraphic sequences documenting the Late Holocene, although rare, are therefore of critical importance. The Youmbidi Cave, located in central Gabon, partially documents this period. In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of lithic technology from the four upper occupation layers of the Youmbidi sequence in order to assess the impact of the emergence of pottery and metallurgy on <em>Later Stone Age</em> lithic traditions. Despite the richness of the archaeological assemblage, no technological break was identified between the different layers, dated from 3 473 to 973<!--> <!-->cal BP. This pattern suggests a continuity of technical practices over several millennia. The populations occupying the site may have continued to master stone knapping until relatively recent times, while adopting pottery use around 3000 BP. These groups likely lived in close contact with metal-producing communities or may themselves have participated in metallurgical productions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"130 2","pages":"Article 103465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147747462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and chemical analysis of hypoplastic defects in the deciduous canines of prehistoric Europeans: The example of the Neolithic population at Chenon (Charente, France)","authors":"Gerard Robert Colmont","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2026.103457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2026.103457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deciduous canine hypoplasia is characterized by an area of thin or missing enamel on the labial surface of the crown. This study reports on the prevalence, distribution and expression of this defect in a sample of deciduous canines collected in the Neolithic necropolis of Chenon in south-west France. We know that the most frequent form of this hypoplasia is subcircular, occupying the median area of the crown. What is new is that it is accompanied here by a larger vertical triangular elongated area. These defects first appeared on average 1.7–1.9 months after birth for the large zone, then on average between four and five months after birth for the reduced zone (often considered to be the true hypoplasia) and lasted eight months for the shallow large zone and two to four months for the reduced deep zone. This double phenomenon disappears completely around 10 months after birth (start of weaning?). The measurements of chemical elements content show a higher Ca/P ratio in the deep defect, lower calcium and potassium concentrations and high magnesium and iron contents linked to the mother's diet. These defects could be due to a lack of D vitamin in the first few months and hypocalcaemia and A vitamin hypovitaminosis in the following months, incompletely compensated by the mother's consumption of vegetables and dietary fats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"130 2","pages":"Article 103457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147682378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemistry of Neolithic Pottery in the Kashmir Valley: Provenance Insights from QICP-MS Analysis","authors":"Abdul Adil Paray","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2026.103468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2026.103468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to investigate provenance and inter-site connectivity, this study employs Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (QICP-MS) to analyse the elemental composition of Neolithic pottery from the Kashmir Valley, with a focus on trace and Rare Earth Elements (REEs). The primary aim is to identify locally produced pottery and potential clay sources. This paper is complementary to the previous article <em>“Spectroscopic and thermal analysis of Neolithic pottery of Kashmir valley, India, using XRD, FT-IR and SEM-EDX analysis”</em> that investigated the chemical composition, estimated firing temperature, and examined the provenance of Neolithic pottery alongside the distribution of settlement patterns in the Kashmir Valley. Taken together, the two studies establish a multi-method analytical framework — combining spectroscopic, thermal, and geochemical approaches — for a more comprehensive understanding of Neolithic pottery traditions in the region. Comparative analysis with the geochemical baseline study by Chandra and Ahmad (2013) and the petrographic and genetic characteristics of the Karewa sediments documented by Agrawal (1992) indicates that most pottery samples were manufactured using locally available materials, suggesting a predominantly localised mode of production. Calibration was performed using MBH, AMH, and JB-1a reference standards, with accuracy verified through quality control protocols and measurement precision maintained at better than 5% RSD. The results reveal the presence of elements such as Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, a full suite of REEs (La–Lu), Pb, and Th. These findings substantiate hypotheses regarding technological uniformity, localised resource exploitation, and the socio-economic organization of Neolithic communities in the Kashmir Valley, while also contributing valuable geochemical datasets for broader cross-comparative and provenance studies in South Asian archaeology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"130 2","pages":"Article 103468"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147804711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carriers of cultural memory: A study of turquoise ornaments from the creators of Neolithic landscapes in the upper Yellow River","authors":"Tongtong Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2026.103464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2026.103464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cultural relics embody the craftsmanship and concepts of specific eras, serving as carriers of human collective memory. Prehistoric turquoise ornaments from the upper Yellow River region have long been overlooked in academia. Focusing on the Majiayao and Qijia cultures, this study employs typological and operational chain analyses to systematically examine the typological system and evolutionary trajectory of turquoise artifacts. The findings reveal that the function of turquoise ornaments shifted from personal adornment to social power symbols, their technological system evolved from incremental development to leapfrog integration, and their production organization transitioned from household handicrafts to specialized production. Specifically, during the Majiayao culture period, turquoise artifacts primarily consisted of personal ornaments such as beads, tubes, and plaques, adhering to traditional techniques with slow technological progress. By the Qijia culture period, turquoise began to be combined with high-status materials like bronze and jade to create ritual objects, with plaque-cutting and inlay techniques widely adopted and product standardization significantly enhanced. This technological leap is attributed to a “tripartite drivers” model, local craft inheritance, the introduction of bronze technology from the northwest, and the westward diffusion of jade culture concepts from the east. This demonstrates the intrinsic link between prehistoric technological breakthroughs and cross-cultural interactions, providing critical evidence for understanding the diverse origins and integration processes of Neolithic cultures in the upper Yellow River region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"130 2","pages":"Article 103464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147747399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-mortem ritual of dental modifications using mineral particles and abrasive plants on human beings from the Neolithic necropolis at Chenon (Charente, France)","authors":"Gérard R. Colmont","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2026.103454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2026.103454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study of dental modifications due to funeral practices helps to understand the past or present human behavior in a given culture. For this study, we carried out a macroscopic and scanning electron microscopy analyses of four adult human teeth from the Neolithic necropolis at Chenon showing signs of intentional dental modification on their underside. To our knowledge, there have been very few reports of this type of modification. The analysis of non-masticatory striations focused on their width and orientation, area by area, enabling us to confirm a post-mortem ritual of coronal and root reduction followed by abrasion with mineral particles and abrasive plants. The discovery of phytolith imprints on dentin suggests a funerary custom of placing plants (inflorescences?) in the head area of the person who had died.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"130 2","pages":"Article 103454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147747463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Distribution and Landscape Dynamics of Megalithic Monuments at Dantari Hill, Vindhyan Highlands, India","authors":"Dheeraj Sharma ,&nbsp;Shubham Saurabh ,&nbsp;Sachin Kr. Tiwary ,&nbsp;Virag G. Sontakke","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2026.103463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2026.103463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Megalithic monuments are the tangible archaeological indicators of social, ritual, and territorial behaviours during the Iron Age in India. This study examines the spatial organization and landscape associations of megalithic structures identified at Dantari Hill, located in the north-eastern Vindhyas, India. Field survey and GIS analysis were employed to understand both the spatial and cultural dimensions of megalithic distribution. The GIS-based analysis evaluated the relationship between monument placement and slope, elevation, hydrology, and visibility, while the field survey assessed typology, resources, construction techniques, site condition and habitation zones. The field investigations revealed three principal typologies: cairn, cist within a cairn, and menhir within a cairn, all constructed from locally available sandstone. Disturbed burials exhibit a layered construction technique, while extensive stone quarrying and destruction indicate that the site is in a state of degraded preservation. Three habitation sites identified in close association with the mortuary landscape suggest location-based links between domestic and funerary activity. GIS analysis shows that megalithic monuments are on slopes between 2° and 15°, at elevations of 110–140<!--> <!-->m AMSL, overlooking stable terrain and nearby drainage systems. This suggests a deliberate placement for visibility and access to nearby construction resources. Integrating geomorphological and archaeological data enhances understanding of how environmental parameters influenced site selection in the Vindhyan context. These findings contribute to broader discussions on landscape dynamics and mortuary traditions in early South Asian prehistory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"130 2","pages":"Article 103463"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147747394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ancient Kedah Iron smelting site in Kuala Muda district, Kedah, Malaysia: Evidence of Iron Smelting Industry along Sungai Muda","authors":"Mohd Hasfarisham Abd Halim ,&nbsp;Shaiful Shahidan ,&nbsp;Nor Khairunnisa Talib ,&nbsp;Shyeh Sahibul Karamah Masnan ,&nbsp;Mokhtar Saidin","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2026.103469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2026.103469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This manuscript summarizes the results of a study conducted at the Kampung Bukit Terabak (KBT’19) site, located on the riverbanks of Sungai Muda. Excavations at the site have recorded the in situ furnace structure. XRD and XRF analysis showed that the furnace structure contained high-temperature minerals like mullite and christobalite, which means the furnace reached temperatures up to 1200<!--> <!-->°C. Based on the structural architecture of the furnace that is still <em>in situ</em>, proposals on the appearance of the architectural form of the furnace in 2D form are allowed to be submitted, consisting of a domed type. The results of chronometric dating using the radiocarbon method revealed that the KBT’19 site has played a role in iron smelting activities since the 7th to 8th centuries AD in the ancient Kedah Kingdom.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"130 2","pages":"Article 103469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147804710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Art rupestre des Alpes Cottiennes : peintures et gravures préhistoriques","authors":"Dario Seglie,&nbsp;Piero Ricchiardi","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2026.103449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2026.103449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The CeSMAP of Pinerolo, Italy, Center for Studies and Museum of Prehistoric Art, was founded in 1964 to continue archaeological studies in the territory of the Western Alps, studies and research that had been undertaken in the 19th century by scholars from the Royal Academy of Sciences in Turin. From the start of its activity, CeSMAP identified the need to extend its studies and research beyond the initial field of action in order to better contextualize and understand an archaic phenomenon emblematic of the Alpine arc: rock art, specific object and area of specialization and archaeological research of CeSMAP. Piedmont is bordered to the west by the Alpine chain, which arose due to orogenetic thrusts rising in the Tertiary from the Mediterranean basin. In the Piedmont region, the vigorous post-Oligocene uplift exposed the pre-tertiary basement and swept away most of the sedimentary covers, so that the mountain range today is essentially composed of crystalline, eruptive and metamorphic rocks. After the end of the last Würm glacial expansion some 10,000 years ago, these morphological characteristics facilitated colonization by man who, present sporadically during the glacial period, gradually extended his control over the territory to fully occupy, from the Neolithic, the Alpine system up to the high Alpine belt. Nevertheless, the signs engraved and painted on the rocks also represent a new psychological dimension reached by prehistoric man, a sort of possession, “marking” and domination of the territory. The presence of human settlements, from the Neolithic, IV millennium BC, in the territory of the Cottian Alps has been documented by a series of archaeological excavations, carried out by CeSMAP. All the prehistoric rock paintings and engravings of the Western Alps are affected by a progressive degradation attributable to the increase in atmospheric pollution, and in particular by acid rain, which has increased in recent decades. Hence, the need for their conservation and the urgency of their protection and studies. The procedures and methods to be used to build historical models must take into account the perceptual difficulties, the exegetical modesty, the precariousness of the theoretical system, the epistemological fragmentation, the cognitive relativity towards a phenomenon, rock art, whose vast dimension and total beauty are general categories that we can surely perceive, if we are aware of the fact that the original emotional messages are not recoverable and that it is demanding to lift the temporal barrier between our world and the world of our so distant ancestors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"130 1","pages":"Article 103449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147394907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L’art rupestre à la lumière de l’écriture chinoise et de la psychanalyse","authors":"Jenny Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2026.103461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2026.103461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Just like children, peoples first drew before they wrote. They made drawings and pictograms to express themselves, to communicate, and to master the outside world. Writing came into existence when signs and symbols were able to organize a universe of transmissible representations. When reading the petroglyphs on the rocks of the Helan Mountains, certain similarities between the rock inscriptions and ancient Chinese writing from the 14th century BC, particularly the figurative nature of the images and the categories of representations such as humans, animals, hunting, and industry, reveal traces of writing in prehistory. The evolution of Chinese writing allows us to trace the processes of human construction since prehistory. Two almost antagonistic hypotheses of its origin arise in parallel. The first relates to human history since the dawn of time, and the second is based on founding myths. The organizers of rock inscriptions find those of writing around the frame of the inscription, the figurability of the image in representation, the spatialization of the component elements, and the expressed impulsiveness. The work of reversibility of images will take place at the point of transformation of the image into the representation of a thing, into the representation of a word and a function according to a law specific to reversibility, similar to that of repression, condensation, and displacement, which would allow us to recover the original representations, as proposed by Freudian psychoanalysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"130 1","pages":"Article 103461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147656357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Art rupestre protohistorique à l’extrémité nord de l’Europe (Laponie de l’Est)","authors":"Vladimir Shumkin ,&nbsp;Marina Shchelkunova","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Fennoscandia, in the very north of mainland Europe, the Arctic regions, which has the historical name Lapland, several hundred locations of ancient rock carvings have already been discovered. These figures, which have come down to us from the depths of centuries (10-2 millennia BC), carved and painted on the rocks are invaluable evidence of the spiritual culture of our distant ancestors, a manifestation of their sacred deeds, the origin of subsequent myths, legends, legends. There are relatively few of them on the Russian territory of Fennoscandia (Murmansk region and Karelia), only 6 points, which is a tiny percentage of the total number, but if you count by the number of very large ones (more than 1000 images) rock art galleries (there are only 6 such objects here), then exactly half of them (Kanozero in the Murmansk region, Besov Nose and Zalavruga in Karelia) were found on our territory. These Russian (by location) monuments, as well as another, smaller-scale (about 300 images) petroglyphic monument on the Ponoy River (Chalmn-Varre) in the central part of the Kola Peninsula is dated within the beginning 4-2 the millennium BC. If in Western Lapland there are (Valle, Efjord in Northern Norway, and some others) rock art monuments (petroglyphs) about 10,000<!--> <!-->years old with individual large (up to 7<!--> <!-->m) images of marine (whales, seals) and land animals (bears, deer family), then in Eastern Lapland the earliest (not older than 7-6 millennia BC) are the chamber complex Pyave is a gallery with 30 mostly geometric figures painted in red ochre.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"130 1","pages":"Article 103434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147394698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}