Anthropologie最新文献

{"title":"Early Pleistocene faunal assemblages and human records in southern Europe","authors":"Bienvenido Martínez-Navarro ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Rook","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early humans dispersed from Africa into the Eurasian continent during the Olduvai paleomagnetic subchron (ca. 1.8 Ma), in parallel with other few African species. The most relevant one is the sabertooth tiger <em>Megantereon whitei,</em> which was an ambush super specialized hunter able to eat only the soft parts of the carcass preys, thus leaving almost unexploited carrions that were representing an important food source for the guild of scavengers, especially the giant hyaena <em>Pachycrocuta brevirostris</em> and <em>Homo</em>. At the same time, the renewal of Eurasian faunal assemblage is also characterized by the turnover of several taxa of carnivores and herbivores in Europe. Among ungulates one of the most significant taxa are Suidae. The species <em>Sus strozzii</em> occurs in European assemblages until the top of the subchron Olduvai (1.75 Ma), when the species disappears. During the following half million years (until the base of the subchron Jaramillo, around 1.2-1.1 Ma), pigs are not recorded in Europe, until they return with a new form of the same species <em>Sus strozzii</em>. Humans predate the advanced form of the <em>Sus strozzii</em> re-colonization in Europe, at Fuente Nueva 3 and Barranco León in Orce (1.4 Ma). Around 1.2-1.1 Ma, a new important faunal turnover is detected, related with the increasing climate change, and announcing the so called “Mid-Pleistocene Revolution”. Most of the late Early Pleistocene human records around the Mediterranean basin are associated with such new mammal assemblage, well represented at Vallonnet, Vallparadís, La Boella, or Sima del Elefante in Atapuerca.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 5","pages":"Article 103407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectroscopic and thermal analysis of Neolithic pottery of Kashmir Valley, India, using XRD, FT-IR, and SEM-EDX analysis","authors":"Abdul Adil Paray","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to identify the chemical composition, estimate firing temperature, and to study provenance of the Neolithic pottery and distribution of settlement pattern in Kashmir Valley, India. The study investigates powdered Neolithic pottery (3000 to 1000 BCE) through the combined study of XRD, FT-IR and SEM-EDX, focusing on the firing condition, temperature, and mineralogical composition during its production. The study analyses to understand the strength and stability of Neolithic pottery samples from the four archaeological sites, situated in one each in North and Central Kashmir and two in the South of the Valley. It estimates a low (400<!--> <!-->°C) and high firing temperatures (900<!--> <!-->°C) in oxidizing and reducing conditions, and observed fast quenching and ill firing in one specimen. The analysis suggests that Neolithic potters in Kashmir Valley were experimenting and evolving in pottery making skills. It is also established that the provenance of pottery making in the Neolithic period was near the settlements. The distribution of the Neolithic pottery points towards the fact that the settlement pattern did not undergo any major changes and remained on the top of Karewa beds across the whole valley of Kashmir.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 4","pages":"Article 103391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Masol (India, Punjab): Horses (Equus) and hominins in the sub-Himalayan floodplain as early as 2.95 Ma. A pluridisciplinary synthesis and a hypothesis of dispersal routes from North America (Equus) and North Africa (hominins)","authors":"Anne Dambricourt Malassé ,&nbsp;Alina Tudryn ,&nbsp;Julien Gargani ,&nbsp;Anne-Marie Moigne ,&nbsp;Cécile Chapon Sao ,&nbsp;Salah Abdessadok ,&nbsp;Mukesh Singh ,&nbsp;Dominique Cauche ,&nbsp;Pierre Voinchet ,&nbsp;Baldev Karir ,&nbsp;Surinder Pal","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Late Pliocene fossil deposits outcrop in the Siwalik Frontal Range along the North Western Himalayas. These formations are located in the Subathu sub-basin dispersed over 70<!--> <!-->km in different fossiliferous sectors between the 30th and 31st parallels north: the Chandigarh anticlinorium, the Ghaggar-Moginand and Khetpurali sectors and then the Saketi-Kanthro and Haripur sections. Undisputable marks of butchery and lithic industries have been regularly collected between 2008 and 2019 in the fossiliferous Quranwala Zone (QZ) of the Masol Formation located in the Chandigarh anticlinorium. The production of lithic tools was definitively confirmed in 2017 by at least one chopper <em>in situ</em>. This biozone, 50 meters thick, perfectly circumscribed and geomorphologically isolated, yielded the First Appearance Datum (FAD) of <em>Equus</em> in Eurasia and its oldest co-existence with <em>Hipparion</em>. Our magnetostratigraphy dated the Quranwala Zone and hominin activities thanks to a short excursion measured at its lower limit and whose minimum age can be the one at 2.68 Ma and the oldest at 2.95 Ma (Huahine). We present a synthesis of the different fossiliferous localities with their sedimentation rates on a regional scale and which have constrained the age of the excursion to 2.95 Ma. This date allows us to reconstruct the environmental and climatic factors responsible for the appearance and disappearance of the Quranwala Zone by placing them on both regional and global scales. The FAD of <em>Equus</em> is explained by its dispersal from North America to Asia thanks to the formation of Beringia during the cold and dry interval MIS G 20 (3.043–3.025 Ma). The FAD of hominin activities since 2.95 Ma can be explained by a northward shift of the Summer Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) during the final peak of a warming at the end of the Piacenzian at 2.97–2.96 Ma and allowing a dispersal in western Asia. We propose the most parsimonious and consistent paleoclimatic hypothesis of hominin dispersal from latitudes 30°–31° that covered the river systems along the ITCZ from Northern Africa to the Sub-Himalayan plain and which accounts the formation of the Quranwala Zone including <em>Equus</em> before the onset of glaciation at 2.75 Ma with a common passage through the Afghan depression of Seistan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 4","pages":"Article 103392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of scar pattern analysis to the studies of microblade industries: Case study of Mamakan VI and Bolshoy Yakor I Paleolithic sites, Eastern Siberia","authors":"Aleksandr A. Ulanov ,&nbsp;Alexey V. Tetenkin","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper applies Scar Pattern Analysis to Upper Paleolithic microblade industries of the Mamakan VI and BolshoyYakor I sites in Eastern Siberia, offering a comparative perspective on two distinct microblade reduction methods. Mamakan VI, dated to 21,000–18,000 BP, represents one of the earliest microblade industries in the region, utilizing horizontally oriented unifacial blanks, akin to the Tougeshita method of microblade core reduction. In contrast, BolshoyYakor I, associated with the final phase of MIS 2, exhibits a highly developed Yubetsu core reduction strategy, characterized by a structured operational sequence consisting of ridge spall and ski-spall detachment. Scar Pattern Analysis reveals a significant difference in technological complexity between these industries. The Yubetsu method of BolshoyYakor I demonstrates a curated and standardized approach with a greater number of technological units, suggesting planned production and long-term tool maintenance. Conversely, the microblade reduction sequence at Mamakan VI exhibits higher variability in knapping operations, indicative of a more flexible technological system. These differences suggest that while the Yubetsu technique was likely transmitted through direct cultural learning, the Tougeshita-like industry may have spread through stimulus diffusion. The findings highlight that the development of microblade technology in Eastern Siberia was not a linear progression but rather a dynamic interplay of cultural transmission, diffusion, adaptation, and technological constraints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 4","pages":"Article 103394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the mines: Chalcolithic pattern of settlement along the Khetri belt, Rajasthan, India","authors":"Esha Prasad ,&nbsp;Prabodh Shirvalkar ,&nbsp;Shashank Babu ,&nbsp;Tariq Tamboli","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An archaeological site census was carried out in the Jhunjhunun district of Rajasthan in 2022–23 to identify and document sites affiliated with the Chalcolithic period. In the course of the survey, 5 sites affiliated with the Chalcolithic period were documented. The paper focuses on the results obtained through the archaeological site census carried and integrates it with GIS and TOPSIS for a nuanced understanding of the region and to overcome the limitations of any single methodology. The study demonstrates that while both natural and human factors influenced settlement location, access to copper deposits was prioritized over proximity to other sources. This suggests that, in addition to the significant role of geography, human agency was a crucial determinant in the settlement's establishment. Furthermore, the study ranks these sites based on the evaluation of natural factors, providing insights into the relative importance of geographical considerations in the settlement selection process. For an in-depth understanding of the region, previously reported chalcolithic sites from Sikar and Jaipur districts have also been incorporated within the study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 4","pages":"Article 103405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural change between 40-50 ka in southern China : Implications for modern human dispersals in Eurasia","authors":"Yuduan Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiangxi Lan ,&nbsp;Zixuan Shen ,&nbsp;Ruxi Yang ,&nbsp;Dawei Li ,&nbsp;Justin Guibert ,&nbsp;Antonio Pérez-Balarezo ,&nbsp;Valéry Zeitoun ,&nbsp;Hubert Forestier","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cultural remains, though indirect compared to fossil and genetic evidence, are critical in reconstructing the dispersals of modern humans across Late Pleistocene Eurasia. This work evaluates the cultural materials from southern China and its surrounding regions to reassess the timing and context of the potential arrival of modern humans. We emphasize technological innovations and symbolic activities as defining markers of cultural change. Our analysis reveals that the earliest remarkable cultural changes, as evidenced by complex technologies and symbolic objects, emerged around 45,000 years ago in southern China. These innovations align temporally with the significant proliferation of sites across South China, mirroring patterns observed in other parts of Eurasia. The most parsimonious explanation for the abrupt cultural changes at this time is the arrival and dispersal of modern humans in southern China between 40,000 and 50,000 years ago as part of a broader global migration during the Late Pleistocene. The cultural perspective not only redefines the timeline for modern human arrival in southern China but also underscores the transformative impact of their presence on the region's cultural, demographic, and genetic histories, in parallel with similar processes across Eurasia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 4","pages":"Article 103406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the symbolic meaning of bovidae in prehistoric cultures, particularly emphasizing ibex motifs in ancient Iranian arts","authors":"Shirin Torkamandi ,&nbsp;Marcel Otte ,&nbsp;Abbas Motarjem","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ibex has been extensively documented in Persian prehistory and history, particularly from the Neolithic period to the Iron Age. This is evident from the motifs of this animal on abundant examples of pottery, rock, and metal artifacts. The ibex image has been used frequently in pottery at various Near East and Iran sites for several millennia. This indicates the significant status of ibex in the Near East. It also provides information regarding the cosmology of ancient inhabitants in Iran. Moreover, the image use of the ibex on Paleolithic carving bones refers to the fact that this animal has had a cultural-symbolic role. The present study is an attempt to analyze the concept of the ibex motif in ancient Persian culture regarding Mesopotamian, Persian, and Greek mythology. The dominant question concerns the importance of ibex in the lifestyle and the beliefs of ancient Iranian society. Therefore, the question is important because it can help explain this animal's material and spiritual aspects. Due to the unique physical characteristics of this animal, the ibex emerged as a symbol of lust and femininity, and the winter season of fertility and water was given more attention in mythology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 4","pages":"Article 103384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le Paléolithique moyen à l’est de la Mer Noire","authors":"Marcel Otte","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The site of Sürmercik in Western Anatolia recently excavated by our colleagues in Ankara (Taskiran et al., 2021) presents quite remarkable cultural affinities and very different from the rest of Anatolia (Otte et al., 1998), as if we were entering a new province. This gigantic sequence shows the durability of this habitat and these local practices. However, these techniques are mainly reminiscent of the traditions recognized in Greece (Darlas, 1994), Bulgaria (Sirakova, 1990) and Crimea, as far as the Sea of Azov. The whole western Black Sea corresponds to a particular tradition, far from the classical traditions of the European Mousterian. In the Crimea, recent excavations by the Germans at Zaskalnaya have yielded bone remains apparently linked to Neanderthal populations (Kolosov, 1986; Pigott et al., 2024). It is therefore a question of assembling this immense region as a cultural entity in its own right, spread from the Sea of Azov to Central Anatolia. Probably at a much lower level than today.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 4","pages":"Article 103387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La grotte de Yarimburgaz, Thrace, Turquie, Pléistocène Moyen final","authors":"Henry de Lumley ,&nbsp;Dominique Cauche ,&nbsp;Anne-Marie Moigne ,&nbsp;Zeynelabidin Çuhadar ,&nbsp;Ferah Buler Sentürk ,&nbsp;Almira Tedil ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Fauquembergue ,&nbsp;Christelle Milizia ,&nbsp;Khalid El Guennouni","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Yarimburgaz cave, located in the European part of Turkey, contains levels of prehistoric occupation which, according to dating and the stage of evolution of the fauna present, are attributed to the final Middle Pleistocene. The presence of fire is attested among these occupation levels, and the abundant lithic industry reveals neither bifaces nor Levallois debitage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 4","pages":"Article 103393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress environnemental et repeuplement des Néandertaliens dans le Caucase du Nord-Ouest","authors":"Liubov V. Golovanova ,&nbsp;Ekaterina V. Doronicheva ,&nbsp;Vladimir B. Doronichev ,&nbsp;Vladimir A. Tselmovitch ,&nbsp;Ivan G. Shirobokov","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multidisciplinary studies conducted at multilayered Middle Paleolithic sites in the North-Western Caucasus have revealed volcanic ash from the eruption of the Tash-Tebe volcano located in the Central Caucasus. It significantly worsened the environmental conditions for Neanderthals in the region and apparently contributed to a decrease in population activity. Absolute dating for a number of sites allows us to correlate this phase with the H5 stadial (∼48–47 thousand years ago). Genetic analysis of late Neanderthals (Mez2) has revealed a population turnover among late European Neanderthals. The study of late Neanderthal stone industries in the Northwest Caucasus shows that the materials reveal innovations in both the knapping technique and the tool composition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 4","pages":"Article 103389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}