Anthropologie最新文献

{"title":"Roches gravées et dalles façonnées dans la partie Occidentale du Massif des Maures","authors":"Philippe Hameau","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surveys in the western part of the Maures massif have revealed the existence of some fifty sites with transformed lithic elements, i.e., shaped and/or engraved rocks, grand and little slabs. The substrate is schistose, and the supports used seem to be largely extracted from rocky ridges known locally as <em>balanco</em>. These sites were selected in function of parameters very similar to those known for schematic painting shelters from the second half of the Neolithic. However, apart from the specific context of the Gotteaubry dolmen in the same area, no material has been found to date these schist transformations precisely. In view of the traces of debitage and shaping observed on the grand and little slabs, we envisaged an experiment to approach the chain of operations. Finally, we put forward some hypotheses on the hermeneutics of the resulting forms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 1","pages":"Article 103344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling Shahdad: Exploring ancient copper reserves and metallurgical practices on Iran's Southeast Plateau","authors":"Soraya Elikay Dehno ,&nbsp;Amin Allah Kamali ,&nbsp;Seyed Iraj Beheshti ,&nbsp;Mehran Ebrahimi ,&nbsp;Ali Aarab","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ancient site of Shahdad, situated in the southeast plateau of Iran, has been regarded as one of the ancient metalworking centers during the 3rd millennium BCE. Given the extensive production of copper slag in Shahdad dishes, a more nuanced discussion of the copper reserves utilized in Shahdad dishes is imperative. Moreover, Shahdad is located in the Lut Block and holds considerable potential for copper reserves. However, to date, studies examining the mining location of copper reserves at this site are lacking. Two primary reserves proximal to the Shahdad site are located in the northern-eastern (basaltic volcanic) and southern-western (magmatic-porphyritic) vicinity. Considering the diverse geological nature of the copper reserves in the proximity of Shahdad, mineralogical and chemical analyses have been used to trace the link between metallic slag and its respective copper reserves. Ultimately, despite the closer proximity of the basaltic northern-eastern copper reserves to Shahdad, the utilization of these reserves favored magmatic-porphyritic reserves in the southern-western region. However, it appears that in earlier settlements such as Tepe Dehno, dating back to the 4th millennium BCE, the probability of utilizing northern-eastern basaltic copper reserves was greater, possibly due to their greater accessibility. However, despite Shahdad's substantial potential for ancient metallurgy, the definitive source of the copper reserves utilized within this site is unclear. Moreover, it is necessary to extensively address this fundamental question in detail.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 1","pages":"Article 103343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L’identification des aménagements funéraires du Fadnoun dans le Sahara central en Algérie par l’utilisation de l’apprentissage profond et les outils de la géomatique","authors":"Saida Meftah,&nbsp;Nadhira Attalah","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The research on funerary arrangements in the Fadnoun region, located in the heart of the Central Sahara, aims to explore and document prehistorical burial sites that are often inaccessible due to the extreme conditions of the desert. By utilizing modern technologies such as satellite imagery and remote sensing, this initiative seeks to shed light on ancient funerary structures and deepen our understanding of burial practices in this region. This study aims to enhance knowledge about the funerary arrangements of the Tassili of Fadnoun by employing convolutional neural networks to detect archaeological mounds shaped like keyholes. The objectives include locating and analyzing ancient funerary structures through high-resolution satellite images, developing a neural network model to recognize and classify these mounds, and contributing to the good documentation of cultural heritage by providing accurate data on burial sites. Preliminary results show that the use of convolutional neural networks has enabled the identification of new archaeological mounds in the Fadnoun region, revealing unprecedented funerary practices. The integration of remote sensing with traditional methods has proven effective in locating hard-to-access sites, thereby enhancing the good documentation of cultural heritage. This research aims to improve our understanding of the civilizations of the central Sahara and better document cultural heritage by using convolutional neural networks to detect archaeological mounds. The results demonstrate increased efficiency in identifying these sites through the analysis of high-resolution satellite images.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 1","pages":"Article 103333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New evidence of ancient Kedah iron smelting sites at Sungai Batu Archaeological Complex (SBAC), Bujang Valley, Kedah, Malaysia","authors":"Mohd Hasfarisham Abd Halim ,&nbsp;Naizatul Akma Mohd Mokhtar ,&nbsp;Shyeh Sahibul Karamah Masnan ,&nbsp;Mokhtar Saidin","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Archaeological studies at the Sungai Batu Archaeological Complex (SBAC) have recorded the iron smelting industry of the ancient Kedah (Kedah Tua) kingdom since 2009. The iron smelting workshops were identified based on the findings of iron ores, iron slags, tuyeres, and furnaces. Chronometric dating of charcoal samples at iron smelting sites shows the beginning of iron smelting, at least started in the 6th c. BC. The notes of al-Kindi and I-Tsing, along with the poems of Pattinapalai, further reinforce this result by demonstrating the ancient Kedah's involvement in iron trade activities prior to the 1st c. AD. As such, the dating represents the oldest evidence of the iron smelting industry in Southeast Asia till 2024, allowing a re-evaluation of the data on the iron smelting industry to be carried out.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 1","pages":"Article 103342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L’iconographie anthropomorphe dans l’art rupestre et pariétal d’Eurasie à l’Holocène : un panorama ordonné","authors":"Jules Masson Mourey","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Postglacial rock and cave art of the Eurasian supercontinent generally places significant emphasis on anthropomorphs, that is, the representation of the human body in various states. This article is designed as a brief overview of these specific images, for which a four-part thematic typology is proposed here.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 1","pages":"Article 103345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le Paléolithique Supérieur (« PS ») ou le crépuscule de l’humanité. Vue Synthétique","authors":"Marcel Otte","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human evolution is broken in two: that before and that after the appearance of the images. From this event, the influence of thought on the world was total. Once started, this process was global and endless until today where it is still active. From images, these processes were transposed to weapons and conquests. The animal is then reduced to a useful material, to an illusion, to a reference, contrasting with lifestyles several hundred thousand years old where nature was respected and considered as a partner. By imposing itself on Europe, modern man has gradually destroyed all relationships with nature, his own included.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"128 4","pages":"Article 103283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hymnes à la Vie dans l’art pariétal du Paléolithique supérieur en Europe occidentale","authors":"Benoît de Seille ,&nbsp;Jean-Michel de Seille","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>After having briefly revisited the path of the human thoughts initially conceptual then sequentially abstract, artistic, social, symbolic, spiritual and finally mythical, our work is focusing on three majors cave paintings discovered in France, namely the Chauvet, Combarelles and Lascaux caves. A specific tool used in this study is the relationship between personal and collective consciousness-unconsciousness revealed by Carl-Gustav JUNG. Located in deep in the human collective unconsciousness, the archetypes are generating various but specific human behaviours and particularly the archetype “Anima” physiologically in charge of both the basic impulse of life and the related myths painted on the cave walls. Numerous symbols are analysed such as the Divine embodied by the hierophany of the mammoth. Two epiphanies are also highlighted: the cervid for immortality (deer antlers growing back every year) and the ibex, incarnation of the rainbow, link between the High (the sky) and the Low (the earth). The use of the “image-number”, a new concept implemented in the analysis of the “Salle des taureaux” (Hall of the bulls) in the Lascaux cave, is revealing both the reproduction and the perpetuation of the life. In the Magdalenian Combarelles Cave, a trilogy of the Divine is disclosed along with several representations of the human being. Finally, a table recapitulating the various upper paleolithic epiphanies reviewed in this study is displayed, enlightening that life is sacred.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"128 5","pages":"Article 103313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Œuvres d’art méconnues de la grotte du Mas d’Azil (Ariège). Les aurochs « mal définis » de la collection Marthe et Saint-Just Péquart. Musée d’Archéologie nationale","authors":"Audrey Rouquette ,&nbsp;Catherine Schwab ,&nbsp;Patrick Paillet","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The left bank of the Arize has a particularly important place in the history of the Mas d’Azil cave, as it was on this hundred-meter-long terrace that Édouard Piette (1827–1906) first recognised the Azilian period (between 14,500 and 12,000<!--> <!-->cal BP) in 1889. Beneath this Azilian horizon, a flood silt nearly 6 centimeters thick yielded various lenses of Magdalenian artefacts, more or less disturbed, some evoking the Upper Magdalenian, others the Middle Magdalenian (between around 18,000 and 14,000 years ago). Between 1935 and 1937, following upheavals in the cave ten years earlier, Marthe and Saint-Just Péquart resumed the Piette excavations in order to identify the Azilian horizon on this left bank and study its stratigraphy. The two bone fragments from these excavations presented in this article, each engraved with a representation of an aurochs, have rarely been published, let alone studied. It is an analysis of the graphic conventions developed by the representations of these two bovids, which are quite different from the rest of the Magdalenian corpus that leads us to question their chrono-cultural attribution. Could these objects be the work of the last Magdalenians, or even the first Azilians in the Mas d’Azil cave? The archaeostratigraphically unsatisfactory conditions in which they were found provide an opportunity for renewed discussion of their stratigraphic origin, and in so doing of the cultural affiliations of their authors. H. Delporte attributes them to an ‘ill-defined Magdalenian’, without however specifying the origin or the reasons for this attribution. As the left bank of the site has been extensively disturbed by successive excavation campaigns (Piette between 1887 and 1894, Breuil in 1901 and 1902), it cannot be ruled out that these two pieces may come from levels other than those envisaged by H. Delporte, and why not from the Azilian. A certain degree of kinship seems to link them with other known works from the post-Magdalenian figurative corpus, within the Azilo-Laborian techno-complexes, at the Paleo-Mesolithic junction. Some of their other graphic characteristics reflect a gradual dilution of Magdalenian art towards new expressive repertoires. The formal singularities and graphic codes of these two representations show us the extreme porosity of styles at the end of the Tardiglacial period. The various analyses and interpretations proposed here are based on new discoveries relating to this Tardiglacial art. The results of the collective research program ‘Archives of a cave: from paleoenvironmental and paleolithic archaeological archives to excavation archives (Mas d’Azil cave, Ariège)’, led by Marc Jarry, Laurent Bruxelles, Céline Pallier (INRAP) and François Bon (UMR Traces–University of Toulouse) since 2018, may also help to confirm their location within the stratigraphy of the site.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"128 5","pages":"Article 103307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zooarchaeological analysis of the Raşcov 7 Upper Palaeolithic site (Republic of Moldova)","authors":"Laëtitia Demay ,&nbsp;Roman Croitor ,&nbsp;Sergei Covalenco ,&nbsp;Theodor Obadă ,&nbsp;Viorica Pascari","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Raşcov 7 is a site with a rich abundance of archaeological remains and is considered to be one of the earliest sites dating back to the beginning of the second part of the upper Pleniglacial period in the southeast region of the Carpathians. The lithic industry at the site exhibits epiaurignacian characteristics, with some epigravettian pieces also present. In order to gain a deeper understanding of human activities, butchering strategies and territory occupation, this study focuses on a comprehensive zooarchaeological analysis of the faunal remains, including a taphonomic approach. The faunal spectrum at the site is diverse, which could be attributed to the proximity of various environments such as steppe, riparian forest and plateau, all existing within a cold dominant climate. The site is believed to represent several short-term occupations between the end of the warm season and the beginning of the warm season. The primary exploited taxa found at the site are reindeer, horses, and mammoths. The utilization of reindeer and horses was a typical behavior during this period in the area, but it appears to be more intensive than in other sites. In addition, the site may have also seen the exploitation of woolly mammoths and possibly rhinos, suggesting the involvement of specific activities or ethnic groups within the Molodovian cultural area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"128 4","pages":"Article 103299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Géographie de la circulation et des campements au Paléolithique supérieur","authors":"Henry Baills,&nbsp;Marc Calvet","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study concerns a depression located in the eastern part of the Corbières, drained by three divergent valleys: the Ravin d’en Saman-Cabrils, the Ravin du Rodonar, and the Rec del Fenoll. It extends over 5<!--> <!-->km on either side of the Coll del Boix, which actually forms the watershed of the various local streams. Systematic surveys of this valley were initiated in 1992, following the discovery of a first site: Jas d’en Biel 1 (<em>JB1</em>). Between this date and 2015, nearly ten sites were found as a result of surface collections. This contribution examines seven of them, which yielded the largest number of lithic artifacts. Only one belongs to the Mesolithic (Rec de La Redouna 2, <em>RDR2</em>), another to the Solutrean (Ruisseau de la Boulière 2, <em>RDB2</em>), the rest belong to the early Upper Paleolithic (Aurignacian, Gravettian) (Font d’en Marc, <em>FM</em>; Jas d’en Biel 1 and 2, <em>JB1</em> and <em>JB2</em>; Ravin d’en Saman 1-2, <em>RS1</em>-<em>RS2</em>; Ravin d’en Saman 4-5, <em>RS4</em>-<em>RS5</em>). Although, for taphonomic reasons, only lithic industries have been preserved, depriving us of paleoenvironmental data, the location of the sites in the heart of the valley, on the slopes of Coll del Boix, provides rich insights into anthropic choices. Hunting activity, targeting animals with gregarious behavior, appears to have been the main motivation. Other factors certainly played a significant role: proximity to water, solar exposure, shelter from prevailing winds, and the lightness of soils. The Ravin d’en Saman-Cabrils and Rec del Fenoll valley represents to date a fine example of a geomorphological and archaeological approach to interpret and understand the choices made by Paleolithic hunters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"128 4","pages":"Article 103298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}