Étude technologique des industries des sites holocènes de la région du lac Kudaykol (Kazakhstan septentrional)

Abstract

This paper shows the lithic collections from the Kudaykol 1–3 sites. They come from the safeguarding work carried out near the eponymous lake in Northern Kazakhstan in 2018–2019. The material consists of Holocene archaeological material discovered on the shores of the lake. It is placed in the chrono-cultural context of the development of the region's industries. The context is based on the stratified Shiderty 3 site and the Ekibastuz 17, Sharbakty 1 sites from Northern and North-Eastern Kazakhstan. The study is based on a historical and cultural approach. The archaeological complexes represent the result of human activities conditioned by many external factors. The main method is based on technological and typological approaches. The field methods are the planigraphy and the reconstruction of relative chronology. For the study, the collection was grouped into series according to raw material in order to compare them with the collections from the stratified Shiderty 3 site. This one made it possible to propose the cultural and chronological model for the development of the lithic industries from the Northern Saryarka region. The Mesolithic material is similar to that from the Shiderty culture complexes in North-Eastern Kazakhstan. The Lower Neolithic complex has similarities with the Shiderty 3, Telmana XIV and Nurmambet I site. The Middle Neolithic collections correspond to the Atbasar culture of Northern Kazakhstan. The Upper Neolithic collection is correlated with that from the Sharbakty 1, Borly and Shiderty 3 sites, located on the left and right banks of the Irtysh River. The Eneolithic complex is close to the industries at the Ekibastuz 17, Temirastau and Shiderty 3 sites. According to the obtained results, these people were hunters and gatherers who lived on these sites between the Mesolithic and the Eneolithic periods.