Applied Biological Chemistry最新文献_第8页

Effect of halogens on 3-[4-(dimethylamino) phenyl]-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-ones: development of a new class of monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors 卤素对 3-[4-（二甲基氨基）苯基]-1-苯基丙-2-烯-1-酮的影响：开发一类新的单胺氧化酶-B 抑制剂

IF 2.3 3区农林科学

Applied Biological Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1186/s13765-024-00929-z

Haydara Ammar Hasan, Jiseong Lee, Sunil Kumar, Saleh Alfarraj, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi, Manu Pant, Hoon Kim, Bijo Mathew

{"title":"Effect of halogens on 3-[4-(dimethylamino) phenyl]-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-ones: development of a new class of monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors","authors":"Haydara Ammar Hasan, Jiseong Lee, Sunil Kumar, Saleh Alfarraj, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi, Manu Pant, Hoon Kim, Bijo Mathew","doi":"10.1186/s13765-024-00929-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-024-00929-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Five dimethylamino-based chalcone derivatives (AC) were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibition degree against monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes. All AC compounds showed better inhibitory activity against MAO-B than that against MAO-A. AC4 showed the highest inhibitory ability with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 0.020 µM, similar to that of a reference drug safinamide (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.019 µM) against MAO-B, followed by AC1 (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.068 µM) and AC3 (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.083 µM). Substituent -F in ring A (AC4) increased the MAO-B inhibition, followed by -H (AC1), -Br (AC3), and -Cl (AC2). The selectivity index (SI) value of AC4 was high (SI = 82.00) as well as other compounds (44.41 to 98.15). AC4 was found to be a reversible inhibitor as confirmed through analysis using the dialysis method. Interestingly, AC4 was observed to be a noncompetitive MAO-B inhibitor with a rare case and with K<sub>i</sub> values of 0.011 ± 0.0036 µM. These experiments confirmed that AC4 is a reversible and potent selective inhibitor of MAO-B. Molecular docking experiments revealed that AC4 showed the highest inhibitory activity with a docking score (-9.510 kcal/mol). A study using molecular dynamics modeling revealed that the protein–ligand complex was more stable. It was observed that AC4 was non-cytotoxic in the study using L929 cell line. In conclusion, compound AC4 shows promise as a MAO-B inhibitor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-024-00929-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142045150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced extracellular production of maltotetraose amylase from Pseudomonas saccharophila in Bacillus subtilis through regulatory element optimization 通过优化调控元件提高枯草芽孢杆菌中糖假单胞菌麦芽四糖淀粉酶的胞外产率

IF 2.3 3区农林科学

Applied Biological Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1186/s13765-024-00921-7

Guilong Cong, Mingyu Li, Sitong Dong, Teng Ai, Xiaopeng Ren, Xianzhen Li, Conggang Wang, Fan Yang

{"title":"Enhanced extracellular production of maltotetraose amylase from Pseudomonas saccharophila in Bacillus subtilis through regulatory element optimization","authors":"Guilong Cong, Mingyu Li, Sitong Dong, Teng Ai, Xiaopeng Ren, Xianzhen Li, Conggang Wang, Fan Yang","doi":"10.1186/s13765-024-00921-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-024-00921-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Maltotetraose amylase (Mta) catalyzes the hydrolysis of amylaceous polysaccharides into maltotetraose, which is an important functional sugar used in the food industry. However, the lack of efficient expression systems for recombinant Mta has hindered its scale-up production and application. In this study, a codon-optimized <i>mta</i> gene from <i>Pseudomonas saccharophila</i> was efficiently produced in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> by optimizing the regulatory elements. First, a plasmid library containing 173 different signal peptide sequences placed upstream of <i>mta</i> gene was constructed, and transformed into <i>B. subtilis</i> strain WB800N(<i>amyE</i>Δ1) for high-throughput screening. The signal peptide yhcR was found to significantly enhance the secretion of Mta, reaching an activity of 75.4 U/mL in the culture medium. After optimization of the promoters, the Mta activity was further increased to 100.3 U/mL using a dual-promoter P<sub>HpaII</sub>P<sub>amyE</sub>. Finally, the carbon sources and nitrogen sources for recombinant Mta production were optimized, yielding a highest Mta activity of 288.9 U/mL under the optimal culture conditions. The crude enzyme solution containing recombinant Mta produced a highest maltotetraose yield of 70.3% with 200 g/L of maltodextrin as the substrate. Therefore, the present study have demonstrated a high yield of Mta produced in <i>B. subtilis</i>, laying the foundation for large-scale Mta production and application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-024-00921-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142041501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anti-neuroinflammatory effects of the KIOM -patented Polygonum multiflorum maximized root tuber against LPS-stimulated BV2 Cells 获得 KIOM 专利的何首乌最大块根对 LPS 刺激的 BV2 细胞的抗神经炎症作用

IF 2.3 3区农林科学

Applied Biological Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1186/s13765-024-00928-0

Tae Woo Oh, Yeongjun Ban, Youngmin Kang

{"title":"Anti-neuroinflammatory effects of the KIOM -patented Polygonum multiflorum maximized root tuber against LPS-stimulated BV2 Cells","authors":"Tae Woo Oh, Yeongjun Ban, Youngmin Kang","doi":"10.1186/s13765-024-00928-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-024-00928-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The main pathological mechanism of neurodegeneration is neuroinflammation. It is known that the persistent neuroinflammatory response is harmful by causing secondary nerve tissue damage. Meanwhile, <i>P. multiflorum</i> is a traditional oriental medicinal herb. It has been used as a hematopoietic agent and is used to treat a variety of diseases and conditions. The aim of the present study was to compare the anti-inflammatory efficacy between the commonly available <i>P. multiflorum</i> (C1) and the KIOM-patented in vitro-propagated <i>P. multiflorum</i> (K1), which had higher content of active ingredients and biomass, using culture and cultivation conditions of LPS-induced neuroinflammation. After stimulation with LPS and treatment with C1 and K1 in mouse microglial BV-2 cells, nitric oxide (NO) production, pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression, MAPK phosphorylation and transcription factor activity were assessed. We examined the antioxidant effect using DPPH and production of nitric oxide (NO). C1 and K1 suppressed the expression of iNOS and COX-2 and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, we determined the levels of inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and mitogen-activated protein kinases and IκBα via Western blotting to understand the regulating mechanisms. Additionally, C1 and K1 also inhibited the activation of p38 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. In all experimental results, excellent anti-neuroinflammatory effects were confirmed at a lower dose in K1 than in C1, which is believed to be due to the increased biomass. Therefore, K1 is expected to be more effective than C1 and can be applied more broadly in the development of prevention and treatment of various inflammatory-mediated neurodegenerative diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-024-00928-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142013464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comprehensive analysis of a peripheral blood transcriptome signature in piglets infected with Salmonella Typhimurium: insight into immune responses 全面分析感染鼠伤寒沙门氏菌仔猪的外周血转录组特征：深入了解免疫反应

IF 2.3 3区农林科学

Applied Biological Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1186/s13765-024-00924-4

Eun-Yeong Bok, Seung-Won Yi, Han Gyu Lee, Jae Kyeom Kim, Kangwook Lee, Seungmin Ha, Bumseok Kim, Young-Hun Jung, Sang-Ik Oh

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of a peripheral blood transcriptome signature in piglets infected with Salmonella Typhimurium: insight into immune responses","authors":"Eun-Yeong Bok, Seung-Won Yi, Han Gyu Lee, Jae Kyeom Kim, Kangwook Lee, Seungmin Ha, Bumseok Kim, Young-Hun Jung, Sang-Ik Oh","doi":"10.1186/s13765-024-00924-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-024-00924-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium (ST) infection in pigs poses a significant threat to animal health and food safety; the intricate mechanisms underlying host–immune responses and pathogen persistence remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we comprehensively analyzed the peripheral blood transcriptome in piglets infected with ST. We performed histopathological evaluation, blood parameter analysis, advanced RNA-sequencing techniques, and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR)-based validation. The increasement in the monocyte counts at 2 days post-infection suggested its potential to serve as a hematological marker for ST infection in piglets. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses of the differentially expressed genes highlighted the pivotal roles of innate and adaptive immune responses, notably in pathways associated with Toll-like receptors, NIK/NF-κB signaling, cytokine signaling, and T cell proliferation. RT-qPCR-based validation using peripheral blood mononuclear cells provided additional insights into the immune system dynamics in response to ST infection, revealing the marked elevation of the interleukin (<i>IL</i>)<i>-15</i>, <i>IL-27</i>, and <i>CXCL10</i> levels being significantly elevated in ST-infected piglets. Our comprehensive analysis underscores the multifaceted impact of ST infection on piglets and offers valuable insights into the host–pathogen interactions and the role of host immune system during ST infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-024-00924-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142013467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A study on the photoisomerization of phenylpropanoids and the differences in their radical scavenging activity using in-situ NMR spectroscopy and on-line radical scavenging activity analysis 利用原位核磁共振光谱和在线自由基清除活性分析法研究苯丙类化合物的光异构化及其自由基清除活性的差异

IF 2.3 3区农林科学

Applied Biological Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-08-17 DOI: 10.1186/s13765-024-00925-3

Sangah Park, Hojin Kim, Miyeon Bang, Byung-Hun Um, Jin Wook Cha

{"title":"A study on the photoisomerization of phenylpropanoids and the differences in their radical scavenging activity using in-situ NMR spectroscopy and on-line radical scavenging activity analysis","authors":"Sangah Park, Hojin Kim, Miyeon Bang, Byung-Hun Um, Jin Wook Cha","doi":"10.1186/s13765-024-00925-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-024-00925-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phenylpropanoids are naturally occurring secondary metabolites that exhibit various biological activities such as ultra-violet (UV) light protection and reactive-oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. In this study, we utilized a light-emitting diode (LED) based in-situ UV irradiation nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique to monitor the photoisomerization reactions of these phenylpropanoids under UV irradiation in real-time. Through this approach, we measured the photochemical reaction rates and photostationary state (PSS) ratios of these molecules and observed distinct reaction rate and PSS ratio information depending on the variation of substituent groups in each phenylpropanoid molecule. We also evaluated the radical scavenging activity (RSA) for each photochemical product through diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzenthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assay. We found that the photoisomerization product of caffeic acid can increase both DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and confirmed the enhanced ABTS radical scavenging ability of caffeic acid <i>cis</i>-isomer based on the online high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)-ABTS analysis and the PSS ratio information of each isomer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-024-00925-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141994036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transcriptomic changes reveal hypoxic stress response in submerged seeds of maize (Zea mays L.) 转录组变化揭示玉米（Zea mays L.）浸没种子的缺氧胁迫响应

IF 2.3 3区农林科学

Applied Biological Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1186/s13765-024-00922-6

Ji Won Kim, Seongmin Hong, Jiyun Go, Jin Seong Park, Gibum Yi

{"title":"Transcriptomic changes reveal hypoxic stress response in submerged seeds of maize (Zea mays L.)","authors":"Ji Won Kim, Seongmin Hong, Jiyun Go, Jin Seong Park, Gibum Yi","doi":"10.1186/s13765-024-00922-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-024-00922-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Maize is highly sensitive to waterlogging stress, and seeds fail to germinate under hypoxic conditions induced by submergence, leading to severe yield losses. We conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis during the initial stages of seed germination, exploring aerobic and hypoxic conditions in two inbred lines, B73 and Okcheon Chal-1. Notably, significant differences emerged between aerobic and hypoxic conditions on the first day of germination, particularly in genes associated with fermentation and phytohormone regulation. However, consistent transcriptomic changes were observed in primary metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. These differences strongly correlate with each other, illustrating the efficacy of the hypoxic response for survival in water. Furthermore, this suggests that germinating seeds serve as a promising model for studying plant hypoxia responses with controlled environmental conditions. Insights from this study contribute to understanding the fundamental mechanisms of hypoxia response and hold promise for developing strategies to cultivate waterlogging-tolerant maize cultivars.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-024-00922-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141994035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characteristic of phenotype, amino acids and volatile compounds for fresh tea leaves of Korean tea cultivars (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) 韩国茶树（Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze）鲜叶的表型、氨基酸和挥发性化合物特征

IF 2.3 3区农林科学

Applied Biological Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1186/s13765-024-00919-1

Suyoung Kang, So Jin Lee, YongHee Kwon, Doo-Gyung Moon, Jung Hun Sun, Kyu-Won Hwang, Joon-Kwan Moon

{"title":"Characteristic of phenotype, amino acids and volatile compounds for fresh tea leaves of Korean tea cultivars (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze)","authors":"Suyoung Kang, So Jin Lee, YongHee Kwon, Doo-Gyung Moon, Jung Hun Sun, Kyu-Won Hwang, Joon-Kwan Moon","doi":"10.1186/s13765-024-00919-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-024-00919-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> (L.) O. Kuntze) is a popular beverage consumed worldwide. To establish fundamental scientific data, we analyzed the amino acids and volatile compounds in seven tea cultivars grown in Korea investigated phenotype also. Phenotypically, the leaf area and greenness index of young shoots and leaf blades were particularly different among the four Korean cultivars. Nine amino acids were detected from each cultivar, with the total amino acid and theanine contents being 9.08–41.42 and 2.81–24.60 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, 107 volatile compounds were identified as common components among tea cultivars using headspace solid-phase microextraction / gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS), and 38 key compounds were identified using partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The (<i>Z</i>)-linalool oxide (furanoid) concentrations were significantly high in Korean tea plant cultivars, and linalool concentrations were also high or low, but had high relative contents. Linalool and its various oxides are the major compounds responsible for the tea aroma. In conclusion, Korean tea cultivars have distinct characteristics, and the results of this study will form the basis for identifying Korean tea plant cultivars that can produce high-value tea products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-024-00919-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141865624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changes in growth characteristics and ginsenoside contents of wild-simulated ginseng with different harvest times in South Korea 韩国不同采收时间野生人参的生长特征和人参皂苷含量的变化

IF 2.3 3区农林科学

Applied Biological Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1186/s13765-024-00920-8

Yeong-Bae Yun, Hae-Yun Kwon, Yurry Um

{"title":"Changes in growth characteristics and ginsenoside contents of wild-simulated ginseng with different harvest times in South Korea","authors":"Yeong-Bae Yun, Hae-Yun Kwon, Yurry Um","doi":"10.1186/s13765-024-00920-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-024-00920-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wild-simulated ginseng (WSG, <i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer) is grown in mountainous forests, without the chemical treatment or installation of artificial facilities. This study aimed to investigate monthly changes in growth characteristics and ginsenoside contents in WSG to suggest the optimal harvest time. Four-year-old WSG were collected in the same area every month, and their growth characteristics and ginsenoside contents were measured. The growth characteristics of aerial and root parts were measured from May to July and from March to December, respectively. For the aerial part, most growth characteristics of WSG decreased over time, except for stem length. For the root part, rhizome length increased over time except for September, while the root diameter and weight of root part were mostly consistent. The root length increased by September, while the number of rootlets was the highest at May. At July, the total ginsenoside content of WSG was significantly the highest, while the total ginsenoside content at October was the lowest. This result was believed to be due to the F2, Rd, and Rg1 contents of the aerial part, rather than the root part. Also, based on these growths and the ginsenoside contents of WSG, the optimal harvest time for WSG is considered to be late spring–summer (May–July) when the aerial part can be identified.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-024-00920-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141796329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biochar & fly ash amendments lower mortality and increase antioxidant activity in chlorpyrifos-exposed earthworms 生物炭和粉煤灰添加剂可降低暴露于毒死蜱的蚯蚓的死亡率并提高其抗氧化活性

IF 2.3 3区农林科学

Applied Biological Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1186/s13765-024-00909-3

Tamanna Kumari, Deepak Phogat, Jatin Phogat, Vineeta Shukla

{"title":"Biochar & fly ash amendments lower mortality and increase antioxidant activity in chlorpyrifos-exposed earthworms","authors":"Tamanna Kumari, Deepak Phogat, Jatin Phogat, Vineeta Shukla","doi":"10.1186/s13765-024-00909-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-024-00909-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The investigation presented a novel finding regarding mitigating stress induced by chlorpyrifos in <i>Eisenia fetida</i> by incorporating biochar derived from rice straw and fly ash as soil amendments. It was observed that phenolic compounds exhibit solubility in methanol, and the methanolic fraction exhibited notable inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation and displayed antioxidant properties. The defence mechanism of <i>E. fetida</i>, comprising catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and various other enzymes, remained effective in neutralizing stressors without disruption when the earthworm was subjected to diverse chemical agents or stressful conditions. These enzymes served as indicative markers of toxicity induced by pesticide exposure, even at sublethal concentrations. The scavenging of free radicals by these enzymes ultimately safeguarded the organism. Fly ash and biochar emerged as two organic alternatives capable of alleviating stress by providing a protective mechanism. In this context, the study examined the impact of biochar and fly ash amendments on earthworm biomarkers. The mortality rate at the median lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos was reduced to less than 50% through 3% and 5% modifications. In contrast to the non-amendment group exposed to sublethal doses, the amendment group exhibited higher levels of oxidative stress and lower protein content. This observation indicated the presence of stress induced by the accumulation of free radicals, which increased in number with higher doses of chlorpyrifos. Moreover, the study highlighted the interconnected nature of total antioxidant capacity and total phenolic capacity values, with a decrease in these parameters signifying a shift in earthworm biomarkers.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-024-00909-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141769419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Functional identification of three regiospecific flavonoid O-methyltransferases in Rhododendron delavayi and their applications in the biotechnological production of methoxyflavonoids 杜鹃花中三种区域特异性黄酮 O-甲基转移酶的功能鉴定及其在甲氧基黄酮生物技术生产中的应用

IF 2.3 3区农林科学

Applied Biological Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1186/s13765-024-00918-2

Kyungha Lee, Seong Hee Bhoo, Sang-Won Lee, Man-Ho Cho

{"title":"Functional identification of three regiospecific flavonoid O-methyltransferases in Rhododendron delavayi and their applications in the biotechnological production of methoxyflavonoids","authors":"Kyungha Lee, Seong Hee Bhoo, Sang-Won Lee, Man-Ho Cho","doi":"10.1186/s13765-024-00918-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-024-00918-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rhododendrons produce a variety of methoxyflavonoids, including rarely found 3-methoxyflavonoids and 5-methoxyflavonoids. It was thus suggested that they have a series of regiospecific flavonoid <i>O</i>-methyltransferases (FOMTs). The 18 Class II <i>O</i>-methyltransferase (OMT) genes were retrieved from the <i>Rhododendron delavayi</i> genome, designating them as RdOMTs. A comprehensive biochemical characterization of RdOMTs was performed to identify functional FOMTs. The FOMT activity of recombinant RdOMTs was assayed with flavonoid substrates of different subclasses. Among the examined RdOMTs, RdOMT3, RdOMT10, and RdOMT12 showed FOMT activity for diverse flavonoids. In particular, RdOMT3 consumed only flavonols as a substrate. Structural analyses of the methylated products demonstrated that RdOMT3, RdOMT10, and RdOMT12 catalyze regiospecific methylation of flavonoids at the 3'/5'-, 3-, and 4'-hydroxyl groups, respectively. Their broad substrate spectrum and different regiospecificity suggest that these RdOMTs contribute to the formation of complex methoxyflavonoids in <i>R. delavayi</i>. Bioconversion of flavonoids using <i>E. coli</i> harboring each RdOMT demonstrated that RdOMT3, RdOMT10, and RdOMT12 are useful tools for the biotechnological production of valuable methoxyflavonoids, including the rarely found 3-methoxyflavonoids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-024-00918-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141729996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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