Applied Biological Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Effects of oral hyaluronic acid on monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats: mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications","authors":"Mi-Rae Shin,&nbsp;Minju Kim,&nbsp;Hui Yeon An,&nbsp;Hwang-Yong Choi,&nbsp;Youngseok Ham,&nbsp;Hakjoo Choi,&nbsp;Seong-Soo Roh","doi":"10.1186/s13765-024-00945-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-024-00945-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to meticulously assess the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid (HA) in mitigating symptoms associated with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis (OA) symptoms in rodent models and to investigate the underlying mechanistic pathways. Eight-week-old rats were randomly allocated to a normal control group and three experimental groups (<i>n</i> = 10 per group). The normal group did not undergo any treatment. The experimental groups were administered MIA for 1 week to induce osteoarthritis, and orally administered distilled water (control group), 2 mg/kg indomethacin (INDO group), or 20 mg/kg HA (HA20 group) daily for 4 weeks. The HA20 group showed a significant improvement in hind-paw weight-bearing distribution after 4 weeks compared to the control group. HA suppressed inflammatory responses by reducing the overproduction of prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4 and protected the vital components of the articular ECM, including glycosaminoglycans and aggrecan. HA treatment effectively reduced inflammation, protected cartilage by inhibiting MMP expression, and suppressed inflammatory mediator production. This study demonstrates that HA has potential to alleviate OA symptoms in a rodent model stimulated with MIA, rendering it a promising therapeutic agent for OA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-024-00945-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted dsRNA-mediated suppression of Phytophthora infestans infection via Avr3a","authors":"Hyeonmin Lee,&nbsp;Minsu Park,&nbsp;Yujin Kweon,&nbsp;Dowhan Lee,&nbsp;Chanseok Shin","doi":"10.1186/s13765-024-00953-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-024-00953-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Phytophthora infestans</i> (<i>P</i>. <i>infestans</i>) is a highly destructive oomycete that causes the late blight in Solanaceous crops, such as potatoes and tomatoes, reducing crop yield. Although many pesticides are used to control <i>P</i>. <i>infestans</i>, the pathogen has evolved resistance to these chemical pesticides over time. In this study, we employed RNAi technology as an alternative strategy to suppress <i>P</i>. <i>infestans</i> infection. We designed and synthesized two dsRNAs targeting 5' and 3' regions of the <i>Avirulence Protein 3a</i> (<i>Avr3a</i>) gene, a key effector essential for the virulence of <i>P</i>. <i>infestans</i>. Interestingly, the dsRNA targeting the 5' region which contains the conserved RxLR-EER motif of Avr3a exhibited more substantial suppression of <i>P</i>. <i>infestans</i> infection and <i>Avr3a</i> expression level compared to the 3' region targeting dsRNA. Additionally, we identified changes in the expression of genes related to pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in plants treated with these dsRNAs. In leaves treated with dsRNAs targeting <i>Avr3a</i>, the expression of PTI-related genes was restored, while ETI-related genes showed lower expression levels compared to the mock-treated leaves. These results suggest that dsRNAs targeting <i>Avr3a</i> effectively suppress <i>P</i>. <i>infestans</i> infection, enabling plants to achieve balanced immunity and enhanced defense.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-024-00953-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of volatile compounds of Perilla crop (Perilla frutescens L.) in South Korea","authors":"Kyu Jin Sa,&nbsp;So Jung Jang,&nbsp;Sookyeong Lee,&nbsp;Hyun Park,&nbsp;Jungeun Cho,&nbsp;Jungsook Sung,&nbsp;Ju Kyong Lee","doi":"10.1186/s13765-023-00801-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-023-00801-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study was performed to identify and profile the volatile compounds present in three different types of <i>Perilla</i> leaves collected from South Korea. Volatile compounds were analyzed by gas-chromatograph-mass spectrometry. In total, 41 volatile compounds were identified belonging to nine chemical classes (six alcohols, seven aldehydes, two benzodioxoles, two esters, three ethers, four ketones, five monoterpenes, one phenylpropanoid, and eleven sesquiterpenes). In cultivated type of var. <i>frutescens</i> (CF), weedy type of var. <i>frutescens</i> (WF), and weedy type of var. <i>crispa</i> (WC), a total of 34, 39, and 41 volatile compounds, respectively, were identified. The predominant compound in CF and WF was perilla ketone (PK; 87.2% and 64.5%, respectively) and in WC was perilla aldehyde (PA; 26.4%). There were 29 and 27 volatile compounds that showed significant differences of content between WC and CF or WF, respectively. In terms of chemotype based on the volatile compounds, CF and WC were PK type and PA or phenylpropanoid (PP) types, respectively. WF accessions, which were PK and PP types in chemical composition, showed intermediate characteristics in the composition of volatile compounds compared with CF and WC. The results obtained in this study identified successfully the composition and content of volatile compounds in <i>Perilla</i> crop in South Korea. These results will provide useful information for industries and research related to <i>Perilla</i> crop.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-023-00801-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4822522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and health risk assessment of antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and lead in fresh fruits consumed in South Korea","authors":"Jian Lee,&nbsp;Insun Hwang,&nbsp;Ye-Seul Park,&nbsp;Do Yup Lee","doi":"10.1186/s13765-023-00799-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-023-00799-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although various fruits are consumed as fresh produce in South Korea, information on the concentrations of heavy metals in such fruits remains lacking despite the known toxic effects of the metals. Moreover, the health risks posed by seven potentially toxic metals (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Sb) ingested through fruit consumption have not been assessed using recent dietary data and occurrence data. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to quantify these metals in 207 samples of fresh fruits mainly consumed in South Korea. The mean concentrations (mg kg⁻¹ fresh weight) of the metals in all fruit samples were as follows: As &lt; 0.0021, Ba 0.3675, Cd &lt; 0.0022, Cr 0.0307, Ni 0.0815, Pb 0.0236, and Sb &lt; 0.0021. Only Ba showed a significant negative correlation with Pb (ρ =  −0.5385) in the studied fruits at the 95% confidence level. The non-carcinogenic risk of the seven metals in terms of hazard quotients was Pb (0.0149) &gt; As (0.0086) &gt; Ni (0.0081) &gt; Sb (0.0080) &gt; Ba (0.0031) &gt; Cd (0.0027) &gt; Cr (0.0001), and the hazard index, which is the sum of the hazard quotients, was 0.0275 (less than 1). The carcinogenic risks of As and Pb were 4.62E − 07 and 5.05E − 07, respectively (below 1E − 04). The hazard index of seven metals and carcinogenic risks of As and Pb indicated that no health risks were associated with fruit consumption in the Korean population. However, the hazard quotient and carcinogenic risk of Pb in apples were the highest for children aged 1–2 years, indicating that continuous targeted risk monitoring in this age group is required.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-023-00799-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4539461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnomedicine and ethnopharmacology of medicinal plants used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Uganda","authors":"Roggers Gang,&nbsp;Motlalepula Matsabisa,&nbsp;Denis Okello,&nbsp;Youngmin Kang","doi":"10.1186/s13765-023-00797-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-023-00797-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health problem owing to its high prevalence and increased morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of DM and impaired glucose tolerance in Uganda is approximately 4.1% and 6.6%, respectively. Medicinal plants are commonly used for the management of DM, especially in developing countries, such as Uganda<i>.</i> According to several ethnobotanical surveys conducted in Uganda, various medicinal plants are used in DM management. Meanwhile, ethnopharmacological studies have confirmed the anti-diabetic efficacy of various plants and plant-derived formulations from Uganda. However, these information remain highly fragmented without a single repository for plants used in the management and treatment of DM in Uganda, hindering further investigations. Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively explore plants used for DM treatment in Uganda and retrieve relevant ethnopharmacological and ethnomedicinal information that can be used for DM therapy development. English peer-reviewed articles and books were searched in scientific databases, especially PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, SciFinder, and Medline, to retrieve information on medicinal plants used for DM treatment and management in Uganda. The databases were searched to obtain published literature on the anti-diabetic activities and safety of plants among the identified plants. The family name, plant parts used, anti-diabetic activities, dosage, and mechanisms of action of plant extracts were captured. In total, 46 species belonging to 26 families are used to treat DM in Uganda. Most species belonged to the Fabaceae (20%), Asteraceae (13%), and Solanaceae (7%) families. Anti-diabetic activities of 27 (59%) species have been scientifically investigated, whereas the rest have not been evaluated. This review indicated that various medicinal plants are used in the traditional treatment and management of DM across different regions in Uganda. Scientific investigations have revealed the anti-diabetic potential and safety of several of these plants. However, there is a need to validate the anti-diabetic potential of other unstudied plants. Additionally, isolating and characterizing active principles and elucidating the anti-diabetic mechanism of these plants and performing preclinical and clinical studies in the future could aid in the formulation of an effective and safe treatment for DM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-023-00797-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4255154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of analysis method for the quantification of residues of halquinol and its metabolites in livestock and fishery products using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry","authors":"Tae Ho Lee,&nbsp;Sun Young Park,&nbsp;Ji Young Kim,&nbsp;Jang-Duck Choi,&nbsp;Guiim Moon","doi":"10.1186/s13765-023-00793-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-023-00793-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, an analysis method was established for the quantification of residues of halquinol and its metabolites in livestock and fishery products using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). We selected beef, pork (muscle and fat), chicken, egg, milk, flat fish, eel, and shrimp as target samples for validation of the method owing to them being typical livestock and fishery products. Validation of the developed analysis method was performed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) at three concentration levels (0.5, 1, and 2 × the maximum residue limits) following the Codex Alimentarius (CODEX) guidelines (CAC/GL 71–2009). For all samples, correlation coefficients (R²) exceeded 0.99, recoveries ranged between 75.59 and 119.36%, and coefficients of variation (CV) ranged between 1.39 and 28.66%, thus satisfying CODEX guidelines. In addition, inter-laboratory validation was conducted, and the resulting recoveries and CVs satisfied the CODEX guidelines; LOQ was established as 10 μg kg^–1 for pig muscle and 5 μg kg^–1 for the other samples. Therefore, the analysis method developed in this study can accurately and precisely screen for and quantify halquinol and its metabolites in livestock and fishery products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-023-00793-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4727276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of monoamine oxidases by benzimidazole chalcone derivatives","authors":"Athulya Krishna,&nbsp;Jiseong Lee,&nbsp;Sunil Kumar,&nbsp;Sachithra Thazhathuveedu Sudevan,&nbsp;Prerna Uniyal,&nbsp;Leena K. Pappachen,&nbsp;Hoon Kim,&nbsp;Bijo Mathew","doi":"10.1186/s13765-023-00795-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-023-00795-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ten benzimidazole chalcone derivatives were synthesized, and their monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory activity was evaluated. Most compounds showed higher inhibitory activity against MAO-B than MAO-A. Compound BCH2 exhibited an IC₅₀ value of 0.80 μM, thereby showing the most potent inhibition amongst all. In addition, BCH2 showed the highest MAO-B selectivity index (SI) with an SI value of 44.11 compared to MAO-A. Among the substituents, the halogen group showed the best MAO-B inhibition, and the <i>ortho</i>-position of the B ring showed better inhibitory activity than the <i>para</i>-site. In comparison with <i>ortho</i>-substituents, the inhibitory activity increased in the order, -Cl &gt; -Br &gt; -F &gt; -H. BCH2 was found to be a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme with optimum inhibition kinetics, where K_i was found to be 0.25 ± 0.014 μM. In the reversibility experiment, BCH2 showed a recovery pattern after MAO-B inhibition, similar to that of lazabemide. Thus, BCH2 is a potent, reversible, and selective MAO-B inhibitor and has been suggested as a candidate for the treatment of neurological disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-023-00795-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4687200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The determination of epidermal growth factor in Edible bird's nest by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","authors":"Weijuan Bai,&nbsp;Fenghong Deng,&nbsp;Xiaojiang Zhang,&nbsp;Yanping Han,&nbsp;Yue’e Xiao,&nbsp;Nan Wang,&nbsp;Xuncai Liu,&nbsp;Qunyan Fan,&nbsp;Baozhong Guo","doi":"10.1186/s13765-023-00794-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-023-00794-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Edible bird's nest (EBN) is a traditional food which was nourishing and functional. Particularly, there is the epidermal growth factor (EGF) in EBN, which is thought to play an important role in promoting skin repair. However, the type and content of EGF in EBN were not determined yet. In this study, the type of EGF in EBN was identified as bird EGF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and this method was validated to be accurate and precise. Moreover, it was found that the content of EGF in raw-unclean EBN, raw-clean EBN and stewed EBN was 3000 pg/g–4000 pg/g and there were no significant differences, which suggested that the batches, origins, forms, stewing temperatures and stewing times of EBN had no effect on the content of EGF in EBN. However, it was due to that enzyme destroyed the primary structure of EGF, the EGF content of neutral protease and trypsin hydrolysates of EBN was lower than that of flavor enzymes, alkaline protease and pepsin hydrolysates of EGF. This study was the first to determine the type and content of EGF in EBN, and provided a theoretical basis for the selection and processing of EBN and using EBN as a source of EGF.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-023-00794-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4388958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of phytochemical profile of rhizome of artificial cultured Polygonatum sibiricum with multiple rhizome buds","authors":"Weiqing Cheng,&nbsp;Zhibin Pan,&nbsp;Hanjing Zheng,&nbsp;Gelian Luo,&nbsp;Zhibin Liu,&nbsp;Suli Xu,&nbsp;Junhan Lin","doi":"10.1186/s13765-023-00792-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-023-00792-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rhizome of <i>Polygonatum sibiricum</i> is both a renowned traditional Chinese remedy and a commonly consumed delicacy. Due to the escalating demand and excessive overexploitation, there has been a growing interest in the artificial cultivation of this plant in recent years. To assess the therapeutic benefits of artificially cultivated <i>P. sibiricum</i>, it is crucial to identify and classify its phytochemical components, which are the primary bioactive compounds found in its rhizome. In this study, the phytochemical profile of an artificially cultivated <i>P. sibiricum</i> rhizomes with multiple rhizome buds (ACM) was characterized by using untargeted UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS based approach. In addition, two-wild-types <i>P. sibiricum</i> rhizomes, namely the wild-type with multiple rhizome buds (WTM) and the wild-type with single rhizome bud (WTS), were used for comparison. A total of 183 phytochemicals, including 20 alkaloids, 48 flavonoids, 33 phenolic acids, and 82 terpenoids, were tentatively identified. Generally, the phytochemical profile of ACM was comparable to that of WTM and WTS. In specific, most of the identified alkaloids and phenolic acids, and approximately half of the identified terpenoids, were not significantly different. Notably, several phytochemicals with potent therapeutic properties, such as epiberberine, laetanine, sinapic acid, curcumenol, were present in ACM. Additionally, artificial cultivation increased the abundance of geniposide and naringenin, which have been linked to cardioprotective effects. These findings provide valuable insights for the future utilization of artificially cultivated <i>P. sibiricum</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-023-00792-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4345185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory on bioactive components of carrot (Daucus carota L.) leaves from Jeju Island","authors":"Ji Soo Kim,&nbsp;Ji Hee Lim,&nbsp;Somi Kim Cho","doi":"10.1186/s13765-023-00786-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-023-00786-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study evaluated the potential of carrot (<i>Daucus carota</i> L.) leaf, a non-edible part of carrots, which are among the most consumed vegetables worldwide. The antioxidant activities of 70% ethanol extract (EEC) and hot water extract (HEC) of carrot leaves were compared. The results revealed that the total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were higher in EEC than in HEC. Both extracts protected the cells against H₂O₂-induced toxicity and markedly reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, pretreatment of RAW 264.7 cells with EEC and HEC prior to H₂O₂ (500 μM) exposure increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in these cells. Notably, EEC and HEC increased intracellular catalase activity by 36.77 and 6.39 times, respectively. Compared to HEC, EEC remarkably inhibited the production of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and reduced the gene expression of IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-α. Comparative analysis of the composition of the extracts using HPLC–UV suggested notably higher contents of catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, quercetin, and cynaroside in EEC than in HEC. Collectively, these results imply that carrot leaves are a potentially beneficial natural source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds in functional foods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-023-00786-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4305037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}