{"title":"The antioxidant activity of diosgenin, a plant steroid sapogenin, in C2C12 myoblasts is achieved by blocking mitochondrial ROS production","authors":"Cheol Park, Gi-Young Kim, Yung Hyun Choi","doi":"10.1186/s13765-025-00996-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-025-00996-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Diosgenin, a plant-derived steroid sapogenin, has been reported to have many health benefits, including antioxidant activity. Although oxidative stress is a major factor impeding the differentiation and homeostasis of skeletal muscles, its antioxidant activity in skeletal muscle cells has not been thoroughly studied. This study aimed to explore the protective mechanisms of diosgenin against oxidative damage in skeletal muscle cells. C2C12 murine myoblasts were pretreated with nontoxic concentrations of diosgenin and exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) to mimic oxidative stress. The results of this study showed that diosgenin significantly reduced H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced cytotoxicity, blocked the formation of comet tails, and increased the levels of 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine, which are representative biomarkers of DNA damage. In addition, diosgenin counteracted H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced apoptosis by enhancing the Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio and suppressing the activation of the caspase cascade, which is associated with the blockade of cytochrome <i>c</i> release into the cytoplasm by maintaining mitochondrial stability. Furthermore, diosgenin eliminated the production of intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) by restoring glutathione (GSH) content and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as GSH peroxidase 1 and manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase, which were inhibited by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Therefore, diosgenin protects C2C12 myoblasts from oxidative damage by attenuating mitochondrial ROS generation and regulating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-025-00996-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed A. M. El-Tabakh, Ahmed Z. I. Shehata, Ahmed M. Sadek, Salem S. Salem, Ahmed A. Elmehdawy, Mahmoud Nazih, Gamal M. Omar, Ahmed A. Abo Elsoud, Ahmed N. G. Abdel-Aziz, Sozan Eid El-Abeid, Heba F. Abd-Elkhalek, Omnia M. Arief
{"title":"Multifunctional properties of Phlomis aurea extracts: In-vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, potent repellency against two mosquito vectors and molecular docking studies","authors":"Mohamed A. M. El-Tabakh, Ahmed Z. I. Shehata, Ahmed M. Sadek, Salem S. Salem, Ahmed A. Elmehdawy, Mahmoud Nazih, Gamal M. Omar, Ahmed A. Abo Elsoud, Ahmed N. G. Abdel-Aziz, Sozan Eid El-Abeid, Heba F. Abd-Elkhalek, Omnia M. Arief","doi":"10.1186/s13765-025-00982-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-025-00982-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To develop economically viable and environmentally benign methodologies for organic reactions and reveal the practical utility of transitional natural compounds and their derivatives. In addition, a new research method to conduct docking studies against nuclear factors sheds light on the theoretical mechanism of action of <i>Phlomis aurea</i> extracts as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and repellent. The pharmacological potential of <i>Phlomis aurea</i> is investigated in this research by analysing its aqueous and petroleum ether extracts. So, to evaluate antioxidant activity, the DPPH scavenging test was used and compared against ascorbic acid; aqueous extract showed noteworthy activity. Both extracts demonstrated noteworthy efficacy against various pathogens, such as <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>,<i> Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i>. The anti-cancer activity was also assessed using in-vitro assay on a standard cell line (Wi38) and two cancer cell lines (MDA and HepG2). The sensitivity of starving female <i>An. pharoensis</i> to the studied extracts was higher than that of <i>Cx. pipiens</i>, suggesting that these extracts may have potential applications in vector control. Docking study against nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) (PDB ID: 3wn7), topoisomerase IV (PDB ID: 7lhz), COX protein (PDB ID: 6y3c), and Odorant Binding Protein 7 (OBP7) (PDB ID: 3r1o), to shed light on the theoretical mechanism expected as anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-cancer and repellent effects against mosquitoes respectively, for galic acid as most significantly quantifying compounds on both extracts; highlighting the predicted mechanism of the proposed in-vitro assay, and confirming the present result.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-025-00982-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kaempferol promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation and migration by suppressing HIF-1α/VEGF and Wnt/β-catenin activation under hypoxic condition in colon cancer","authors":"Muhammad Haroon, Sun Chul Kang","doi":"10.1186/s13765-025-00992-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-025-00992-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A naturally occurring flavonoid compound found in several fruits and vegetables, kaempferol has garnered interest for its potential anticancer effects. The present investigation illustrates that kaempferol has multi-faceted anti-tumor effects in hypoxic colon cancer cells, HCT-15 (ATCC) and HCT-116 (KCLB) by inhibiting HIF-1α/VEGF angiogenesis, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression. In conditions of hypoxia, kaempferol inhibited the stabilization of HIF-1α and its downstream targets (VEGF, ANG1, VEGFR2), while also obstructing Wnt/β-catenin activation by decreasing β-catenin and modifying the expression of pathway components (c-Myc, Cyclin-D1, LEF1, APC, and Axin-2). Kaempferol mitigated hypoxia-induced EMT by reinstating E-cadherin and inhibiting N-cadherin, Vimentin, and MMP-2/9, which corresponded with diminished migration in transwell and wound-healing assay. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated dual regulation of HIF-1α transcriptional activity (HRE luciferase) and MAPK signaling (p-ERK/p-38), in conjunction with ROS-induced DNA damage and intrinsic apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3/9 and Bcl-2 protein expression). The impact on angiogenesis, EMT, and survival pathways significantly diminished the proliferation, invasion, and metastatic capacity of hypoxic colon cancer cells which identifies kaempferol as an innovative multi-pathway inhibitor, thereby offering a strong justification for its advancement as a therapeutic agent for advanced colorectal cancer.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-025-00992-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joyce Mudondo, Kenneth Happy, Roggers Gang, Yeongjun Ban, Youngmin Kang
{"title":"From nature to nutrition: exploring the synergistic benefits of functional foods and herbal medicines for holistic health","authors":"Joyce Mudondo, Kenneth Happy, Roggers Gang, Yeongjun Ban, Youngmin Kang","doi":"10.1186/s13765-025-00985-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-025-00985-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Functional foods and herbal medicines have gained global demand due to their health benefits, which have led to increased consumer interest. Their contribution to health is associated to the existence of bioactive compounds with several pharmacological properties such as antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antiinflammatory activities etc. Several phytochemical compounds have been reported to prevent lifestyle disorders and diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. Functional foods include dairy products, bakery products and cereals, nutraceuticals, fermented foods, probiotics and prebiotics, vegetables, and fruits, whereas herbal medicines include several herbal plants not limited to ginseng, <i>ginkgo biloba</i>, and <i>ephedra</i> etc. which are expressed in many several forms such as decoctions, capsules, powders, teas, and oils. The transformation of herbal medicines from general consumption has led to the infusion of herbal extracts into foods, leading to the development of herbal functional foods including porridges, soups, beverages, biscuits, candies, chocolates, and dietary supplements. Thus, this review aims to explore the synergistic pharmacological activities of functional foods and herbal medicines as well as the challenges shaping the industry. Following the growing demand of functional foods and herbal medicines, we found that similar bioactive compounds in functional foods and herbal medicines contribute to their health benefits. However, critical issues regarding the regulation of functional foods and herbal medicines to establish their safety and efficacy are still present. Therefore, research on functional foods and herbal medicines is necessary to confirm their safety and efficacy and thereby attract more consumers.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-025-00985-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Youngshim Lee, Seunghyun Ahn, Euitaek Jung, Dongsoo Koh, Yoongho Lim, Young Han Lee, Soon Young Shin
{"title":"Correction: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of (E)-2-benzylidene-1-indanones derivatized by bioisosteric replacement of aurones","authors":"Youngshim Lee, Seunghyun Ahn, Euitaek Jung, Dongsoo Koh, Yoongho Lim, Young Han Lee, Soon Young Shin","doi":"10.1186/s13765-025-00987-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-025-00987-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-025-00987-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bacillus megaterium GEB3 reduces accumulation of reactive oxygen species and enhances drought tolerance in peppers","authors":"Dongryeol Park, Jinwoo Jang, Geupil Jang","doi":"10.1186/s13765-025-00989-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-025-00989-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria regulate plant growth and stress tolerance by modulating endogenous developmental and physiological processes. This study examined the role of <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> GEB3 in affecting drought stress tolerance in peppers. GEB3 treatment significantly mitigated drought-induced symptoms, such as chlorosis, wilting, and leaf rolling, in both vegetative- and reproductive-stage peppers. For example, GEB3 treatment increased the number of fruits and total fruit weight by approximately 34% and 68%, respectively, compared to those in untreated control plants. We observed that GEB3 treatment reduces drought-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation while increasing the transcriptional expression of antioxidant genes encoding <i>peroxidases</i> and <i>superoxide dismutases</i>, which are responsible for ROS removal. Furthermore, GEB3 activated the jasmonic acid (JA) response, and JA treatment alone was sufficient to reduce the accumulation of ROS and enhance pepper tolerance to drought stress. These findings suggest that <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> GEB3 increases drought tolerance in peppers through JA-mediated suppression of ROS accumulation, and may serve as a promising bioinoculant for improving crop tolerance against environmental stresses including drought.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-025-00989-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative efficacies of iron oxide-modified biochar and pyrite-modified biochar for simultaneous passivation of cadmium and arsenic in aqueous solutions and lettuce (Lactuca sativa. L) cultivation","authors":"Seo Yeon Kim, Jin Ju Lee, Goontaek Lee","doi":"10.1186/s13765-025-00988-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-025-00988-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Effective simultaneous passivation of cationic (Cd) and anionic (As) heavy metal (metalloids) still is a critical environmental challenge. In this study, rice husk biochar was ball-milled with iron-based materials magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) and pyrite (FeS<sub>2</sub>), then re-pyrolyzed at 600<sup>o</sup>C to produce modified biochars Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-BC and FeS<sub>2</sub>-BC respectively. Short-term removal performance was evaluated after 24 h adsorption in dual-element aqueous systems where Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-BC displayed Cd (99.62%) and As (62.39%) removal, and FeS<sub>2</sub>-BC displayed Cd (81.73%) and As (55.54%) removal, and BC displayed Cd (99.04%) and As (54.31%) removal. Tessier and Wenzel sequential extraction of Cd and As sorbed biochar solids revealed both modifications led to enhanced immobilization mechanisms (precipitation and complexation) absent in unmodified BC. XRD and FTIR spectra identified heavy metal precipitates and surface complexation respectively. Sorbed Cd, As was visualized with SEM-EDS. Long-term passivation effects were studied in co-contaminated soil systems with 1% (w/w) treatment with biochars, quantifying> soil-to-plant heavy metal translocation by bioconcentration factors in lettuce plant, shoot, and root. Differing passivation superiority was observed for each individual metal, where Fe<sub>,3,</sub>,O,<sub>,4,</sub>,-BC treatment led to lowest plant Cd BCF (70.77%) while FeS,<sub>,2,</sub>,-BC treatment resulted in lowest plant As BCF (65.72%),. Interestingly, in comparison to the control, application of unmodified BC led to,increased plant As BCF (101.03%),, suggesting biochar modification with inorganic iron materials leads to increased long-term stability by decelerating DOC release. Overall, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-BC treatment appeared most effective in countering simultaneous Cd and As accumulation in edible lettuce portions,displaying shoot Cd BCF (35.33%) and shoot As BCF (9.17%).</p>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-025-00988-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Youping Wu, Sheng Zhang, Liqiang Gu, Cong Xu, Xiaobo Lin, Hu Wang
{"title":"Ginsenoside Rh2 regulates cardiomyocyte autophagy-dependent apoptosis through the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway to attenuate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity","authors":"Youping Wu, Sheng Zhang, Liqiang Gu, Cong Xu, Xiaobo Lin, Hu Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13765-025-00986-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-025-00986-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity has become a major concern and is considered a limitation for the use of DOX in oncology treatment. Ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) is a ginseng extract with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cell cycle regulating activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of cardioprotective effects of Rh2 in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. This study utilized network pharmacology to search for potential targets and pathways of Rh2 against doxorubicin-induced heart failure. The mechanism of Rh2 protection of myocardial tissue was further examined using a doxorubicin-formed rat model of heart failure. Network pharmacology predicted 128 potential targets for Rh2 treating to heart failure. Autophagy and apoptosis pathways play critical roles in Rh2 treatment of heart failure accessed by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Animal experiment results showed that Rh2 attenuated DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, normalized the morphology of cardiac tissue and reduced cardiomyocyte autophagy as well as apoptosis by up-regulation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway to antagonize the effect of DOX on cardiomyocyte damage. These results suggest that Rh2 was able to inhibit DOX-activated autophagy signaling and apoptotic pathways in myocardial tissues and reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. It has potential effects to protect myocardial tissue as well as antagonize DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-025-00986-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu Na Lee, Sin Sil Kim, Dong Won Lee, Jae Hong Shim, Sang Ho Jeon, Ahn Sung Roh, Soon Ik Kwon, Dong-Cheol Seo, Seong Heon Kim
{"title":"Correction to: Characterization and application of Biochar derived from greenhouse crop by-products for soil improvement and crop productivity in South Korea","authors":"Yu Na Lee, Sin Sil Kim, Dong Won Lee, Jae Hong Shim, Sang Ho Jeon, Ahn Sung Roh, Soon Ik Kwon, Dong-Cheol Seo, Seong Heon Kim","doi":"10.1186/s13765-025-00984-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-025-00984-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-025-00984-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kyungha Lee, Seong Hee Bhoo, Sang-Won Lee, Man-Ho Cho
{"title":"Site-selective dimethylation of flavonoids using fusion flavonoid O-methyltransferases","authors":"Kyungha Lee, Seong Hee Bhoo, Sang-Won Lee, Man-Ho Cho","doi":"10.1186/s13765-025-00983-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-025-00983-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flavonoids are often decorated with methyl groups, which are catalyzed by flavonoid <i>O</i>-methyltransferases (FOMTs). Most FOMTs methylate flavonoids in a regiospecific manner. Because of the regiospecific nature of FOMTs, the synthesis of polymethoxyflavonoids is accomplished by multiple <i>O</i>-methylation steps. The multistep synthesis of dimethoxyflavonoids can be efficiently performed by a one-pot procedure using a multienzyme biocatalyst. For the one-pot production of dimethoxyflavonoids, fusion FOMTs were generated by the combination of two different regiospecific FOMTs. RdOMT10 (flavonoid 3-OMT), OsNOMT (flavonoid 7-OMT), and ObFOMT5 (flavonoid 4'-OMT) were used in the FOMT fusion. The fusion FOMTs (OsNOMT/ObFOMT5, OsNOMT/RdOMT10, and ObFOMT5/RdOMT10) were heterologously expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Activity assays of the recombinant fusion FOMTs demonstrated that OsNOMT/ObFOMT5, OsNOMT/RdOMT10, and ObFOMT5/RdOMT10 catalyze 7/4'-<i>O</i>-methylations, 7/3-<i>O</i>-methylations, and 4'/3-<i>O</i>-methylations of flavonoids, respectively. OsNOMT/ObFOMT5 and OsNOMT/RdOMT10 showed strong dimethylation activity towards diverse flavonoids and were therefore used in the site-selective bioconversion of flavonoids into dimethoxyflavonoids. The <i>E. coli</i> cells bearing OsNOMT/ObFOMT5 successfully converted flavonoids into 7,4'-dimethoxyflavonoids. The engineered <i>E. coli</i> expressing OsNOMT/RdOMT10 converted flavonoids into 3,7-dimethoxyflavonoids. This result indicates that the fusion FOMTs are useful multienzyme biocatalysts for the site-selective production of dimethoxyflavonoids by one-pot bioconversion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-025-00983-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143370036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}