Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Design and Biomedical Evaluation of ZnO/Ag/Ag2O@chitosan Nanocomposite for Infection Control and Tissue Regeneration","authors":"Khadija Hameed,&nbsp;Amina Asif,&nbsp;Aisha Rafique,&nbsp;Muhammad Shahid Nazir,&nbsp;Naveed Ahmad,&nbsp;Zulfiqar Ali,&nbsp;Fiaz Hussain,&nbsp;Sadaf Ul Hassan","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05886-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12010-026-05886-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, the multifunctional nanocomposites for biomedical applications have attracted significant interest. A biocompatible matrix of chitosan was selected as a medium for the synthesis of a ZnO/Ag/Ag₂O nanocomposite in this work, which was performed by a solid-state method.The successful synthesis and electronic structure of the ZnO/Ag/Ag₂O@chitosan nanocomposite was confirmed by FTIR, XRD, UV–Vis, and SEM analyses.The XRD data showed that the crystalline ZnO, Ag, and Ag₂O phases were successfully incorporated into the chitosan matrix with sharp peaks indicating the increased crystallinity of the incorporated phases compared to the pristine chitosan. The nanocomposite showed strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which indicates synergistic effects between the two nanoparticles, ZnO and Ag/Ag₂O. Anti-inflammatory assessments showed significant reduction in inflammatory markers and in vivo wound healing experiments showed accelerated tissue regeneration and re-epithelialization. The effectiveness of nanocomposite was also confirmed through histopathological analysis, which demonstrated a decrease in inflammation and enhancement in tissue design in these treated wounds. The multifunctional properties of ZnO/Ag/Ag₂O@chitosan make it a promising material for advanced wound care and other biomedical applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"198 11","pages":"8619 - 8643"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148817044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical and Molecular Insights Into the Anti-PCOS Potential of Anchusa Strigosa: Targeting Hormones, Biochemical Markers, and WNT Genes","authors":"Wajid Mohammad Sheikh,&nbsp;Jasmeena Jan,&nbsp;Atif Khurshid Wani,&nbsp;Majid Shafi,&nbsp;Ishraq Hussain,&nbsp;Indrani Jadhav,&nbsp;Showkeen Muzamil Bashir","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05887-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12010-026-05887-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder characterized by reproductive dysfunction, oxidative stress, and metabolic abnormalities. The present study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of a hydroalcoholic extract of <i>Anchusa strigosa</i> in a letrozole-induced PCOS rat model and explored its effects on ovarian Wnt signaling. Female Wistar rats (<i>n</i> = 36) were divided into normal control, PCOS control, <i>A. strigosa</i> low-dose (100 mg/kg), <i>A. strigosa</i> high-dose (250 mg/kg), and metformin (50 mg/kg) groups. Phytochemical profiling by FTIR and GC–MS identified 114 bioactive compounds enriched with phenolic, thiol, and isothiocyanate functional groups. Letrozole administration significantly increased body weight from 174.33 ± 1.80 g to 249.66 ± 1.66 g and elevated malondialdehyde levels from 45.42 ± 1.92 to 70.20 ± 1.51 while reducing superoxide dismutase from 28.97 ± 0.55 to 16.82 ± 0.59 and glutathione from 4.09 ± 0.07 to 1.83 ± 0.10 compared with normal controls. Treatment with <i>A. strigosa</i>, particularly at 250 mg/kg, markedly restored estrous cyclicity, reduced final body weight to 225.27 ± 0.57 g, decreased malondialdehyde to 60.90 ± 0.48, improved superoxide dismutase to 22.57 ± 0.27 and glutathione to 3.22 ± 0.09, normalized reproductive hormones and lipid profiles, restored ovarian morphology, and significantly upregulated ovarian Wnt7a and Wnt8b gene and protein expression. Although metformin produced slightly superior therapeutic effects, <i>A. strigosa</i> demonstrated comparable efficacy across most reproductive and metabolic parameters, highlighting its multi-target pharmacological potential. These findings suggest that <i>A. strigosa</i> represents a promising phytotherapeutic candidate for PCOS management. Future studies should focus on isolation of its active constituents, elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying Wnt pathway modulation, long-term safety evaluation, and well-designed clinical trials to establish its translational applicability in human PCOS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"198 11","pages":"9093 - 9117"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148811857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles from Sargassum muticum: characterization and biological assessment of anti-dermatophytic, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities","authors":"Bouchra Benhniya,&nbsp;Fatima Zahra Karmil,&nbsp;Fatima Lakhdar,&nbsp;Badr-ddine El Mouns,&nbsp;Noreddine Rezzoum,&nbsp;Samira Etahiri","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05884-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12010-026-05884-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The valorization of invasive marine macroalgae represents a sustainable strategy for developing eco-friendly bioactive materials. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnSm-NPs) were green-synthesized using an aqueous extract (AE-Sm) of the invasive brown seaweed <i>Sargassum muticum</i> collected from the Moroccan Atlantic coast. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The characterization analyses confirmed the successful formation of crystalline ZnO nanoparticles with a hexagonal wurtzite structure and predominantly spherical to rod-shaped morphology. The biological activities of ZnSm-NPs were then evaluated through anti-dermatophytic, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity assays. ZnSm-NPs exhibited potent anti-dermatophytic activity against <i>Microsporum canis</i> and <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i>, completely inhibiting mycelial growth under the tested conditions and showing minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 3.90 and 7.81 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, ZnSm-NPs displayed strong antioxidant activity, with IC₅₀ values of 9.04 ± 0.45 µg/mL (DPPH) and 3.61 ± 0.03 µg/mL (ABTS), significantly outperforming the crude aqueous extract. Cytotoxicity assessment using <i>Artemia salina</i> nauplii revealed no significant acute toxicity under the tested conditions. Overall, this study demonstrates that <i>S. muticum</i> can be successfully valorized through green nanotechnology to produce ZnO nanoparticles with promising anti-dermatophytic and antioxidant properties. These findings highlight the potential of algal-mediated ZnO nanoparticles as sustainable bioactive nanomaterials while contributing to the valorization of invasive marine biomass.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"198 11","pages":"8332 - 8350"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148811768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theranostic Smart Bionanosensors for Solid Tumors: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions.","authors":"Manar T El-Morsy, Youssef Basem, Amr E Ali, Abanoub Sherif, Alamer Ata, Fayek Sabry, Nourhan M ElMahsoub, Ahmed S Doghish, Gharieb S El-Sayyad, Gomaa A M Ali","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05874-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-026-05874-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Theranostic smart bionanosensors represent a revolutionary approach to solid tumor management, integrating accurate diagnostic functions with focused therapeutic strategies. This review thoroughly analyzes the progress of biosensors from traditional diagnostic tools to multifunctional theranostic systems, highlighting advancements in nanomaterials, surface functionalization, and tumor-targeting techniques that improve imaging contrast, payload delivery, and controlled release. Advanced bionanosensors comprising optical, electrochemical, magnetic, hydrogel-based, stimuli-responsive, and wearable platforms facilitate precise biomarker detection, real-time therapeutic monitoring, and minimally invasive diagnostics, presenting unmatched prospects for personalized cancer management. Despite these advancements, challenges persist, including inconsistent tumor uptake, prolonged biocompatibility, possible toxicity, scalability, reproducibility, and regulatory obstacles. The integration of nanomaterial studies, imaging, sensor technology, computational analytics, and clinical innovation offers a strategic framework for advancing smart theranostic bionanosensors from laboratory to clinical application, facilitating precision oncology and enhancing patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148786722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative Systems Pharmacology and Zebrafish Toxicity Profiling Reveal Piperine as a Multi-Target Modulator in DSS-Induced Intestinal Inflammation.","authors":"Kumar Pavithra, Kasthuri Kannayiram, Mathava Prakash Ramamoorthi, Rajan Radha Rasmi, Cecileya Jasmin Meshak Dhanasekaran, Kunnathur Murugesan Sakthivel","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05875-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-026-05875-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A bioactive alkaloid derived from Piper nigrum is piperine (PIP); it exhibits significant anti-inflammatory properties, but the mechanistic basis remains incomplete. This study integrates zebrafish toxicity assays, antioxidant profiling and histopathology analysis along with a network pharmacology approach to elucidate system-level understanding of PIP's therapeutic efficacy. Toxicity studies on zebrafish embryos indicated that PIP exhibits low toxicity at elevated dosages (LC₅₀ = 160.25 µg/ml), with preserved hatching and cardiac function. In the DSS-induced intestinal inflammation model, PIP treatment significantly improved swimming behaviour and restored feeding activity. It also preserved lysosomal integrity, reduced apoptosis, and attenuated mucin hypersecretion and ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. In tissue homogenates, PIP effectively normalized DSS-induced changes in total protein, malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide Dimutase (SOD), catalase and nitric oxide (NO) levels, indicating restoration of redox homeostasis. Furthermore, network pharmacology analysis identified 2,142 PIP-associated targets, of which 55 overlapped with inflammation-related genes. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis identified key hub genes involved in immune and stress responses. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment indicated significant involvement in apoptotic signalling, protein phosphorylation, and inflammatory processes, while Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis highlighted the role of PIP in modulating the PI3K-Akt, JAK-STAT, and MAPK signalling pathways, which are associated with the in vivo inflammatory phenotype. Molecular docking further demonstrated strong binding affinities of PIP with hub proteins, particularly MTOR (- 8.4 kcal/mol) and JAK2 (- 8.3 kcal/mol). Collectively, these findings correlate the observed in vivo phenotypic recovery with multi-target molecular mechanisms, supporting PIP as a promising anti-inflammatory compound for Inflammatory Bowel Diseae (IBD) and related disorders with significant bio-therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148786669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diacerein Protects Against Obesity-Related Cardiovascular Injury: Evidence from In Silico and In Vivo Studies.","authors":"Shahad M Alatawi, Sara F Aljadrawi, Layan S Alanazi, Yara A Aljohani, Nehal Elsherbiny, Nader E Abo-Dya, Mona Qushawy, Salwa Fares Ahmed","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05879-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-026-05879-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity constitutes a significant worldwide health challenge and a primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Diacerein, an anti-inflammatory medication approved for osteoarthritis, is being studied as a potential modulator of inflammatory signaling. However, its role in obesity-associated cardiovascular injury remains incompletely understood. In the present study, computational docking and 300-ns MD simulations supported preferential, stable binding of diacerein to the TLR4 complex through a deep, hydrophobic, solvent-shielded pose, consistent with coordinated protein dynamics. Then, the cardioprotective effects of diacerein were examined in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: normal control, HFD, and HFD combined with diacerein (50 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks. Metabolic parameters, lipid profile, serum troponin I, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated. A histopathological examination of the heart and aorta was conducted, and the tissue levels of TLR4, MyD88, IRAK1, TRAF6, NF-κB, and downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) were assessed. Inflammatory cell infiltration was evaluated using CD45 immunohistochemistry. The HFD led to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, increased troponin I and CRP levels, and significant histological alterations in cardiac and aortic tissues, accompanied by the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway and enhanced inflammatory cell infiltration. Diacerein treatment markedly alleviated metabolic abnormalities, diminished cardiac injury and systemic inflammation, improved histological features, and reduced tissue protein levels of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, diacerein provides marked protection against obesity-induced cardiovascular injury, at least partially, by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway, supporting its potential as a therapeutic strategy for obesity-related cardiovascular complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148786579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saraca asoca Alleviates PTU-Induced Hypothyroidism in Rats: Integrated LC-MS Profiling: In Vivo and Molecular Docking Analyses","authors":"Anand Kar,&nbsp;Sagarika Biswas,&nbsp;Meenakshi Singh,&nbsp;Debolina Chakraborty,&nbsp;Sunanda Panda","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05876-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12010-026-05876-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hypothyroidism (HT) is a common endocrine disorder that adversely affects different body functions. <i>Saraca asoca</i> (SA) is traditionally used as a remedy for gynaecological disorders. Although thyroid hormones are essential for reproductive function, no data are available so far on the impact of SA on thyroid function. Therefore, the current study attempted to evaluate the effects of SA in regulating HT through in vivo and in silico approaches. HT was induced in rats by administering 0.05% 6-propyl-thiouracil (PTU) in their drinking water for 4 weeks and the effects of standardized dose of SA extract (100 mg/kg), derived after a preliminary study, were examined in HT-induced rats for 14 days. LC–MS/MS analysis identified the two triterpenoids in SA. Molecular docking was used to predict the interaction between betulinic acid (BA) and lupeol (LPL) with the thyroid hormone receptors TSHR and TRβ. Oral administration of SA effectively ameliorated PTU-induced HT as revealed by decreased TSH, increased thyroid hormones,5’D1 activity, antioxidants and decreased inflammatory marker, TNF-α with improved liver histology. LC-MS analysis identified the notable presence of (BA) and (LPL) in the test extract. Molecular docking study predicted strong binding energies between BA and LPL and thyroid receptors, TRβ and TSHR, supporting the role of BA and LPL in the management of hypothyroidism. Our study proposed for the first time that BA and LPL may act as potential thyroid agonists, playing a crucial role in the thyroid stimulatory nature of SA. However, further mechanistic study is needed to solidify our findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"198 11","pages":"8543 - 8563"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148786693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Span60/Cholesterol Niosomal Formulation as a Transport Vehicle for L-DOPA and Rasagiline Delivery with Potent In Vitro Neuroprotective Effect","authors":"Özge ÇAĞLAR YILDIRIM,&nbsp;Hasan TÜRKEZ","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05878-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12010-026-05878-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the potential of niosomal drug delivery systems encapsulating L-DOPA and Rasagiline for Parkinson’s disease treatment. The aim is to enhance neuroprotective efficacy, reduce cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, and modulate PD-related gene expression. Niosomes were prepared using varying lipid-to-drug and Span 60-to-cholesterol ratios. Characterization included morphology, particle size, polydispersity index, and surface charge using Transmission electron microscopy and Zetasizer. Drug encapsulation efficiency was measured spectrophotometrically, and in vitro release was assessed in PBS (pH 7.4). Compared to free drugs, niosome-encapsulated L-DOPA and Rasagiline exhibited significantly reduced cytotoxicity and enhanced neuroprotective effects. Cytotoxicity of free and encapsulated drugs was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay in human dermal fibroblast cells (HDF). SH-SY5Y cells were differentiated into neuron-like cells using all-trans retinoic acid and exposed to methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) to induce a PD model. Neuroprotective effects were assessed by comparing drug-loaded niosomes with free drugs. Genotoxicity was evaluated using Hoechst 33258 staining. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze <i>PINK1</i> and <i>LRRK2</i> gene expression. Niosomal formulations showed spherical morphology, nanoscale size, low polydispersity index, negative surface charge, high drug encapsulation, and sustained release. Drug-loaded niosomes exhibited reduced cytotoxicity in HDF cells and greater neuroprotection in MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells compared to free drugs, with minimal genotoxicity. <i>PINK1</i> was upregulated, and <i>LRRK2</i> was downregulated after treatment with the drug-loaded formulations. L-DOPA and Rasagiline-loaded niosomes demonstrated effective delivery, neuroprotection, and gene modulation with minimal toxicity. These findings demonstrate the potential of niosomal encapsulation of L-DOPA and Rasagiline in an in vitro Parkinson’s disease model, and indicate the necessity for further mechanistic and in vivo investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"198 11","pages":"8979 - 8995"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148786681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual Functional Properties of Tiliacora acuminata: from Jaundice-related Enzyme Targeting to Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles and their Applications in Textile Dye Remediation","authors":"Amisha Sunny Thomas,&nbsp;Monisha Babu,&nbsp;Abirami Thenmozhi Sankar,&nbsp;Veena Gayathri Krishnaswamy,&nbsp;Revathy Rajagopal,&nbsp;Sathya Bama S","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05843-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12010-026-05843-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study explores the therapeutic potential of <i>Tiliacora acuminata</i>, a traditional medicinal plant widely used in the treatment of jaundice. The root extract has antimicrobial efficacy, and the phytochemical analysis of the root extract showed the occurrence of proteins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids. A cytotoxicity assay on HepG2 cells showed no significant cytotoxic effects, even at concentrations up to 30 µg/mL. GC–MS analysis identified bioactive compounds with high binding affinity for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), a key enzyme involved in bilirubin glucuronidation. 3,5,24-trimethyltetracontane demonstrated the strongest binding affinity, suggesting its potential to enhance bilirubin glucuronidation. <i>Tiliacora acuminata</i> root extract was utilized to synthesise silver nanoparticles, to investigate their efficacy in the photocatalytic degradation of reactive red 120, reactive black 5, reactive brown 2, and mixed dyes. UV-DRS, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and TEM analyses were employed to characterise the synthesised nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles had a strong cytotoxic impact on HepG2 cells, with an IC₅₀ value of 39.34 µg/mL using the MTT assay. The silver nanoparticle has antibacterial efficacy against <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC 109), Escherichia coli (MTCC 443), and Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 7443),</i> as well as two fungal strains, <i>Candida albicans (MTCC 183), and Aspergillus brasiliensis (MTCC 1344)</i>. Degradation efficiencies of reactive red 120 were 52.63% ± 1.15 in 150 min, reactive black 5 was 64.47% ± 1.17 in 150 min, reactive brown 2 was 48.44% ± 0.66 in 120 min, and mixed dyes were 49.48% ± 1.15 in 90 min. Silver nanoparticles synthesized from <i>Tiliacora acuminata</i> exhibit antimicrobial and textile degradation properties, playing a crucial role in environmental remediation and biomedical applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"198 11","pages":"8730 - 8760"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148786676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Ferroptosis: A Key Mechanism in Respiratory System Diseases and its Therapeutic Potential","authors":"Zhongyu Han,&nbsp;Xiuli Xie,&nbsp;Haoran Chen,&nbsp;Ling Ding,&nbsp;Ruimin Yuan,&nbsp;Mingyu Huang,&nbsp;Lan Yuan,&nbsp;Yanmei Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05880-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12010-026-05880-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Respiratory system diseases are currently the main cause of high incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death globally. Currently, treatment outcomes are unsatisfactory. This is partly due to the incomplete elucidation of programmed cell death pathways. Ferroptosis is a lipid peroxidation-driven iron-dependent form of cell death. It has become a key mechanism in the study of respiratory system pathophysiology. We systematically explored the molecular basis of ferroptosis which includes core aspects such as iron metabolism disorders, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence. We also elaborate on the role of ferroptosis in COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, acute lung injury, lung cancer, asthma and pulmonary infections. We focus on summarizing emerging therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers via integrating new insights at the mechanism level and clinical significance. A deeper understanding of the above content will help promote the development of precise intervention strategies for respiratory system diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"198 11","pages":"8220 - 8252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148757500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}