Social InfluencePub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15534510.2021.1908910
Douglas Wilbur, Kennon M. Sheldon, G. Cameron
{"title":"Autonomy supportive and reactance supportive inoculations both boost resistance to propaganda, as mediated by state autonomy but not state reactance","authors":"Douglas Wilbur, Kennon M. Sheldon, G. Cameron","doi":"10.1080/15534510.2021.1908910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2021.1908910","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We tested two counter-propaganda strategies for boosting peoples’ resistance to extremist propaganda, one based on Self-Determination Theory and one based on Psychological Reactance theory. Caucasian mTurk worker participants (N = 387) were told they would read extremist messages and were randomly assigned to either a neutral control condition, an autonomy-supportive inoculation condition (‘it is your choice to agree or not’), or a reactance-supportive inoculation condition (‘don’t let them manipulate you’). They then read and rated their agreement with two anti-immigrant extremist messages. Both inoculations produced lower agreement with the extremist messages, compared to the control condition. These effects were independent of participants’ political conservatism and trait reactance, although these person variables were both associated with message agreement. Both the autonomy-support and reactance-support effects were mediated by felt autonomy need-satisfaction, but not by state reactance. Ironically, telling participants that they are free to accept extremist claims may help them to resist such claims.","PeriodicalId":46580,"journal":{"name":"Social Influence","volume":"48 1","pages":"1 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78707630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social InfluencePub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15534510.2021.1966499
L. Frischlich, Jens H. Hellmann, Felix Brinkschulte, Martin Becker, M. Back
{"title":"Right-wing authoritarianism, conspiracy mentality, and susceptibility to distorted alternative news","authors":"L. Frischlich, Jens H. Hellmann, Felix Brinkschulte, Martin Becker, M. Back","doi":"10.1080/15534510.2021.1966499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2021.1966499","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT At least since 2016, distorted news published in populist alternative media outlets have raised global concerns about the effects of distorted news on democratic process such as opinion formation and voting. Not all individuals are equally susceptible to distorted news. In three experimental studies (total N = 1,024), we demonstrate that (a) distorted alternative news are seen as less credible compared to journalist news; (b) the perceived credibility of distorted news is greater among right-wing authoritarians and conspiracy-minded individuals; (c) exposure to distorted news can bias these types of individuals’ attitudes about an unknown political candidate; and (d) distorted news leads people in general to develop less favorable attitudes toward the targeted candidate as compared to journalist news.","PeriodicalId":46580,"journal":{"name":"Social Influence","volume":"4 1","pages":"24 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78709116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social InfluencePub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/15534510.2020.1838945
H. Dalky, A. Hamdan-Mansour, B. Amarneh, Manar AlAzzam RN, Nuha Remon Yacoub, A. Khalifeh, M. Aldalaykeh, A. Dalky, R. Rawashdeh, D. Yehia, M. Alnajar
{"title":"Social discrimination perception of health-care workers and ordinary people toward individuals with COVID-19","authors":"H. Dalky, A. Hamdan-Mansour, B. Amarneh, Manar AlAzzam RN, Nuha Remon Yacoub, A. Khalifeh, M. Aldalaykeh, A. Dalky, R. Rawashdeh, D. Yehia, M. Alnajar","doi":"10.1080/15534510.2020.1838945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2020.1838945","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to explore perception of social discrimination among ordinary people and health-care workers toward individuals with COVID-19 in Jordan. A cross-sectional descriptive-comparative design was used to collect data from a convenience sample of 272 ordinary people and 109 HCWs utilizing an online survey format. HCWs reported low to medium social discrimination (SDS) level, while ordinary people reported a higher level with statistical difference (t = 8.64, p <.001). SDS had positive and significant correlation with years of experience, specialty of nursing, education and area of working among HCWs. The study signifies the social discrimination associated with COVID-19 among ordinary people and healthcare workers. Implications to health practices and public policies discussed.","PeriodicalId":46580,"journal":{"name":"Social Influence","volume":"266 1","pages":"65 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90529691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social InfluencePub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/15534510.2020.1871403
J. Jost, Joanna Sterling
{"title":"The language of politics: ideological differences in congressional communication on social media and the floor of Congress","authors":"J. Jost, Joanna Sterling","doi":"10.1080/15534510.2020.1871403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2020.1871403","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Theory and research in political psychology, most of which is based on self-report studies of ordinary citizens, suggests that liberals and conservatives differ in terms of personality traits, value priorities, cognitive styles, and motivational tendencies. These psychological characteristics may be studied unobtrusively through the use of text analysis, which is especially valuable when it comes to investigating the characteristics of political elites, who are otherwise extremely difficult to study, despite their importance for understanding ideological dynamics. In the present research program we used Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software to analyze the language used by 279–388 members of the U.S. Congress on Twitter (n = 88,874 tweets), Facebook (n = 15,636 posts), and the floor of Congress (n = 6,159 speeches) over the same four-month period (February 9–May 28, 2014). Consistent with findings based on ordinary citizens, we observed that conservative legislators used more language pertaining to religion, power, threat, inhibition, risk and – on the floor of Congress – tradition and resistance to change. Conversely, liberal legislators used more language pertaining to affiliation, achievement, benevolence, emotion in general, ‘social’ concerns and – on the floor of Congress – universalism, stimulation, and hedonism. Implications for the study of political psycholinguistics focusing on ideological and contextual variability in communication patterns on various platforms are discussed, as are differences in language used by ordinary citizens and political elites.","PeriodicalId":46580,"journal":{"name":"Social Influence","volume":"1 1","pages":"80 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85415603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social InfluencePub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15534510.2019.1710248
C. Peng, Charlotte Malafosse, R. Nelissen, M. Zeelenberg
{"title":"Gratitude, indebtedness, and reciprocity: an extended replication of Bartlett & DeSteno (2006)","authors":"C. Peng, Charlotte Malafosse, R. Nelissen, M. Zeelenberg","doi":"10.1080/15534510.2019.1710248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2019.1710248","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In a landmark study in 2006, Bartlett and DeSteno found that receiving help promoted reciprocal behavior and that this effect was mediated by gratitude. Recent research, however, suggested that indebtedness is more closely associated with reciprocation than gratitude. Therefore, we examined whether reciprocal behavior could (also) be attributed to indebtedness. Specifically, we attempted to replicate and extend Bartlett and DeSteno’s Study 1 by additionally including a measure of indebtedness. Surprisingly, the replication was not successful. We did not find support for the idea that receiving help promoted reciprocal behavior, and neither gratitude nor indebtedness was associated with reciprocal behavior. Finally, we call for attention that the extant literature may be inconclusive regarding the presumed prosocial effects of gratitude.","PeriodicalId":46580,"journal":{"name":"Social Influence","volume":"169 1","pages":"16 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85562176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social InfluencePub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15534510.2020.1785545
Michael Z. Wang, Judith A. Hall
{"title":"Lab to life: impression management effectiveness and behaviors","authors":"Michael Z. Wang, Judith A. Hall","doi":"10.1080/15534510.2020.1785545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2020.1785545","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Studies assigning impression goals to achieve in the laboratory typically assume their results translate to social success outside. To test this, 156 participants interacted with a confederate, first with no goal (baseline) and then with a goal (post-goal). Goals were to appear likeable, intelligent, likeable and intelligent, or no goal (Control). Up to 10 friends provided ratings of participants. According to video perceivers, participants achieved their goals on average (relative to Control). Confident-type behaviors mediated Likeability condition assignment (relative to Control) and post-goal likeability, and less smiling/laughing mediated Intelligence condition assignment (relative to Control) and post-goal intelligence. Post-goal perceiver ratings (controlling for baseline) correlated with self-rated and friend-rated social life outcomes, suggesting laboratory impression success translates to outside social success.","PeriodicalId":46580,"journal":{"name":"Social Influence","volume":"20 1","pages":"46 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90679406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social InfluencePub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15534510.2020.1760129
J. Vitriol, Howard G. Lavine, E. Borgida
{"title":"Meta-cognition and resistance to political persuasion: evidence from a three-wave panel study","authors":"J. Vitriol, Howard G. Lavine, E. Borgida","doi":"10.1080/15534510.2020.1760129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2020.1760129","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We investigate the temporal course of meta-cognition and resistance processes following exposure to counter-attitudinal information in the 2012 Presidential election. Using a unique 3-wave survey panel design, we tracked eligible voters during the last months of the 2012 campaign and experimentally manipulated exposure to negative political messages targeting Barack Obama and Mitt Romney on an online platform. As predicted, we found that politically unengaged (vs. engaged) individuals were less likely to counter-argue a message attacking their favored candidate. Resistance, in turn, led to increased attitudinal certainty, polarization, and correspondence with actual voting behavior over the course of the campaign. These findings provide the first analysis of the longitudinal effects of meta-cognitive processes underlying persuasion for real-world attitude change and behavior.","PeriodicalId":46580,"journal":{"name":"Social Influence","volume":"43 1","pages":"17 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74223994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social InfluencePub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15534510.2020.1781248
E. Harmon-Jones, Cindy Harmon-Jones, T. Denson
{"title":"A novel way of responding to dissonance evoked by belief disconfirmation: making the wrongdoing of an opponent salient","authors":"E. Harmon-Jones, Cindy Harmon-Jones, T. Denson","doi":"10.1080/15534510.2020.1781248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2020.1781248","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Based on dissonance theory, we predicted that individuals who supported a political figure (Donald Trump), were exposed to information about his wrongdoings, and believed the veracity of this information would be most likely to share social media that points to incidents in which opponents also engaged in wrongdoing. Participants (N = 409) varying in their support for Trump were exposed to information concerning his alleged wrongdoings (or a neutral article). They viewed a meme of a political rival (Hilary Clinton) that alluded to her alleged wrongdoings, and reported how likely they would be to share the meme (and indicated how accurate they believed the Trump article was). Results supported the prediction, suggesting that dissonance may cause individuals to emphasize the wrongdoings of opponents.","PeriodicalId":46580,"journal":{"name":"Social Influence","volume":"25 1","pages":"34 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87301090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social InfluencePub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/15534510.2019.1682656
M. Kaczmarek, M. Steffens
{"title":"“Mind full or mindful” – can mere cognitive busyness lead to compliance similar to an emotional seesaw?","authors":"M. Kaczmarek, M. Steffens","doi":"10.1080/15534510.2019.1682656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2019.1682656","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The emotional seesaw phenomenon (ESP) is a social-influence technique in which a person experiences a certain emotion, where the external stimulus that evoked the emotion suddenly disappears. Large effects on compliance and impaired cognitive functioning were reported after ESPs. The present research (total N = 163) tests a generalization of this phenomenon: whether mere cognitive busyness leads to similar effects by provoking an inner focus. Two experiments closely modeled after previous ESP experiments supported this reasoning: a simple expectancy violation (Experiment 1) and cognitive load (Experiment 2) caused a comparable pattern of results as the ESP. Experiment 3 demonstrated that also the ESP fostered an inner focus and consequently compliant behavior. We discuss mechanisms underlying social-influence techniques.","PeriodicalId":46580,"journal":{"name":"Social Influence","volume":"29 1","pages":"117 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83711511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social InfluencePub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/15534510.2019.1695658
Yujing Huang, Xuwei Pan, L. Su, Yang Sun, Yan Mo, Qing-guo Ma
{"title":"The role of information sentiment in popularity on social media: a psychoinformatic and electroencephalogram study","authors":"Yujing Huang, Xuwei Pan, L. Su, Yang Sun, Yan Mo, Qing-guo Ma","doi":"10.1080/15534510.2019.1695658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2019.1695658","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The effect of information sentiment on popularity is meaningful to understand the information content on social media. The present research examined whether emotion values of information could predict the potential of popularity in two psychoinformatic experiments. A prime task was used with popular/unpopular information as prime and high/low sentiment stimuli as targets. In Experiment 1, we observed that unpopular information survived better than popular information. In Experiment 2, the electrophysiological priming effect was observed for unpopular and popular information. According to the findings, sentiment of information on social media plays a key role in information popularity.","PeriodicalId":46580,"journal":{"name":"Social Influence","volume":"24 1","pages":"133 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78049750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}