{"title":"DIPLOMATIC DEXTERITY: MONGOL QAGHANS OF THE YUAN DYNASTY AND THE QUEST FOR EAST ASIAN HEGEMONY","authors":"Kubilay ATIK","doi":"10.53277/2519-2442-2023.4-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53277/2519-2442-2023.4-02","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the foreign policy and diplomacy pursued by the Mongol Khans during the Yuan Dynasty (1268-1369), who held the titles of both Mongol qaghan and Chinese Emperor. Specifically, Qubilai Qaghan, who received the title of Khan at a qurultai held in the city of Shangdu, located in present-day Beijing, rather than the Orkhon region traditionally used for convening qurultais, and without the participation of all Mongol nobles, had to establish his legitimacy throughout his life both among the Mongols and the people he conquered in Asia. For this purpose, he utilized diplomacy and foreign policy as much as conquests. Within the scope of this study, the rhetoric and legitimacy foundations used in diplomacy are examined, taking into account not only the Goryeo kingdom in Korea, which became a vassal of the Mongol Empire but also regional states such as Japan, which did not acknowledge Mongol superiority and dominion, as well as diplomacy conducted with states in Southeast Asia and Europe. During this period, the Yuan Dynasty successfully blended elements of legitimacy belonging to China with those from the Turkic-Mongol tradition in its foreign policy, thereby leaving a lasting diplomatic legacy, especially in East Asia.","PeriodicalId":46491,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Educational Research","volume":"62 17","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136347753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NEW GAME CHANGER POWER IN EURASIA: SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION","authors":"Merve Suna OZEL OZCAN","doi":"10.53277/2519-2442-2023.4-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53277/2519-2442-2023.4-05","url":null,"abstract":"The Eurasian geography is a strategic intersection for great powers which are currently interested in the region. After the collapse of the USSR, the Russian Federation seemed to slow down politically between 1990 and 2000 to regain its lost power and maintain its influence in the region. Geography continues to impact states’ survival and foreign policies in the Eurasian region. After the Cold War, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization became one of the critical organizations in the Eurasian region. The paper discusses the organization’s influence and power in the region’s geopolitical significance. Its methodology will be a comparative literature interpretation on the axis of qualitative data. The study assumes that this region remains a game-changer where great powers focus. The paper also evaluates the latest situation based on regional and global developments.","PeriodicalId":46491,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Educational Research","volume":"59 16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136348427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"RELATIONS BETWEEN TÜRKİYE AND CHINA IN THE CONTEXT OF BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS","authors":"Seyit Ali AVCU","doi":"10.53277/2519-2442-2023.4-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53277/2519-2442-2023.4-04","url":null,"abstract":"The China Dream articulated by President Xi Jinping when he took office in 2012 guides China’s new Global Strategy, particularly the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) announced in 2013. Türkiye is also interested in this initiative and embraces it politically, with the idea that it will strengthen regional connectivity and thus increase commercial and economic gains. As a result, it completed many transportation projects on its route. However, Türkiye still faces a number of problems such as regional instability, security risks, lack of mutual trust and lack of robust guarantee mechanisms. On the other hand, Chinese businesses in Türkiye also face higher financing risk, strong competition and operational risks. In addition, there are other non-economic risks arising from politics, security and cultural differences. In this article, using SWOT analysis, the strengths and opportunities for Türkiye will be analyzed while the weaknesses and threats for BRI will be examined.","PeriodicalId":46491,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Educational Research","volume":"24 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136347346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"Zhengizkhan ZHANALTAY","doi":"10.53277/2519-2442-2023.4-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53277/2519-2442-2023.4-03","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to analyze the dynamics of key indicators and reveal challenges for Kazakhstan’s agricultural sector. In so doing, the paper applies statistical and comparative methods. The paper shows a significant transformation in Kazakhstan’s agriculture. At the same time, many important issues such as low levels of investment and development of agricultural technologies, changing production patterns, and policy inefficiencies. Climate change and water deficit also pose significant threats to the agricultural sector. The government of Kazakhstan develops policies to strengthen the agricultural capacities of the country. The paper provides policy recommendations, that can complement the developed programs and contribute to competitiveness improvement. These policy recommendations cover both domestic and international directions.","PeriodicalId":46491,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Educational Research","volume":"32 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136346500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book Review: CLIMATE CHANGE IN CENTRAL ASIA: DECARBONIZATION, ENERGY TRANSITION AND CLIMATE POLICY","authors":"Kanat MAKHANOV","doi":"10.53277/2519-2442-2023.4-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53277/2519-2442-2023.4-06","url":null,"abstract":"Rahat Sabyrbekov, Indra Overland, Roman Vakulchuk (eds.). Climate Change in Central Asia Decarbonization, Energy Transition and Climate Policy. Springer: Briefs in Climate Studies, 2023, pp. 170.","PeriodicalId":46491,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Educational Research","volume":"62 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136347595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HUNGARY’S POSITION ON THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR COOPERATION IN THE VISEGRAD GROUP","authors":"Fulya AKGUL DURAKCAY","doi":"10.53277/2519-2442-2023.4-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53277/2519-2442-2023.4-01","url":null,"abstract":"Visegrad Group (V4) composed of Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia is a significant subregional partnership that has influenced the European Union’s policies particularly in the area of migration policies. Although the group does not always speak with one voice in every policy area, Hungary became particularly estranged from the V4 due to its differing position on the Russia-Ukraine war. This study analyses the implications of Hungary’s stance on the Russia-Ukraine war for the V4 cooperation. With this aim, it overviews the importance of the V4 in furthering Hungary’s interests, searches for economic and political considerations influencing Hungary’s position on the Russia- Ukraine war, and discusses the diverging positions of the rest of the block on the war with its implications for the V4 cooperation. The study benefits from the analysis of primary sources such as the V4 declarations and official statements, Hungarian presidency programs, Orbán’s statements as well as the news and the secondary research. The study finds out that Hungary endorses the unified EU stance as long as it does not contradict its core interests among which its energy security prevails. Yet, Hungary’s differing position on the war from that of the EU and the V4 by being pro-Russian as a result of being pro-Hungarian stems from its divergent views on security and foreign policy objectives. Although Hungary’s stance on the war has affected the V4 cooperation adversely at the beginning, as there is no clear end to the Russia-Ukraine war soon, Hungary’s partners shifted their attitudes to focus on their shared interests inside the V4 bloc rather than on what separates them.","PeriodicalId":46491,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Educational Research","volume":"8 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136348275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TECHNOLOGICAL RISE OF CHINA","authors":"R. Abdikarov","doi":"10.53277/2519-2442-2023.3-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53277/2519-2442-2023.3-04","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews China’s technological development. It shows that the success of China’s technological policy came from both international cooperation at national and firm levels and state support measures. The country’s innovation development model is based on the central role of the government. Using foreign technologies, investments, and expertise, China created its own technology companies, which transformed into global corporations. Through investments in research and development and talent cultivation, China narrowed the technology gap with many developed countries, including the United States. Despite existing tensions, in particular, in the technology sector, United States corporations are interested in strengthening cooperation with China due to its growing market. This type of cooperation will further improve China’s competitiveness and accelerate its technological development.","PeriodicalId":46491,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Educational Research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82804600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book Review: EDUCATION POLICIES IN THE 21ST CENTURY COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES","authors":"G. Nadirova","doi":"10.53277/2519-2442-2023.3-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53277/2519-2442-2023.3-06","url":null,"abstract":"Birol Akgün, Yusuf Alpaydın (eds.). Education Policies in the 21st Century Comparative Perspectives. Singapore, Palgrave Macmillan: Maarif Global Education Series, 2022, pp. 292.","PeriodicalId":46491,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Educational Research","volume":"33 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72402036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EUROPEAN UNION’S SANCTION PACKAGES AGAINST RUSSIA: CONTENTS AND IMPLICATIONS","authors":"Zh. Kanapiyanova","doi":"10.53277/2519-2442-2023.3-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53277/2519-2442-2023.3-05","url":null,"abstract":"With Russia’s attack on Ukraine on February 24, 2022, the European Union began to impose a series of sanctions on the Moscow government. The history of sanctions began with the 2014 annexation of Crimea and is now being expanded to target various industries and individuals. In this context, in the study, the contents of the sanctions implemented and their effects on Russia are discussed. Based on the evaluation of experts in different regions and statistics, it was assumed that the sanctions did not have much effect on stopping the war but were effective in slowing down the country’s economy and influencing different sectors.","PeriodicalId":46491,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Educational Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75374741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF THE TURKISH SERIES ON THE LATIN AMERICAN SOCIETIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CULTURE INDUSTRY","authors":"M. Arslan, E. Malli","doi":"10.53277/2519-2442-2023.3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53277/2519-2442-2023.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"Today, especially with the globalization process, Turkish TV series are becoming widespread on the international market as a product of the culture industry, and gradually increasing their impact. During this period, in which the 2000s constituted an important breaking point, Turkish TV series reached a wide audience in Latin American countries as well as in the Middle East, the Balkans, Eurasia and Southeast Asia. The fact that Turkish TV series are followed with interest and have a large audience in Latin American countries, as in many other countries of the world, shows that Turkish TV series have important effects on the social structures and audiences of Latin American countries. This study aims to examine the main factors and dynamics that make Turkish TV series effective in Latin American societies as a product of the culture industry. Within the scope of the study, the findings obtained as a result of in-depth interviews with 20 people using the qualitative research method were analyzed through descriptive analysis. The research findings revealed that Turkish TV series have positive impacts on the social structure of Latin American societies towards Türkiye, as well as stimulating the learning of eating and drinking habits, clothing preferences, and more importantly, learning Turkish language and culture, which will affect social change.","PeriodicalId":46491,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Educational Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82719661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}