Medical Humanities最新文献

{"title":"Black bodies in phenomenological bioethics: cultural othering, 'Corporeal Uncanny' and ethical quandaries of black nurses in <i>Take My Hand</i> and <i>Small Great Things</i>.","authors":"Adhitya Balasubramanian, Padmanabhan Balasubramanian","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2024-012906","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2024-012906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aims of the present article are twofold. First, it attempts to theorise the thematic and ontological intersection between phenomenological and black bioethics and proposes 'Ontic-Black Bioethics', a neologism to evince how the corporeal misconceptions (such as race construct, bodily othering and colourism) become the cultural impediment for black women healthcare professionals. The article draws specific insights from the philosophical anthropology of race, ranging from Richard Polt to Sarah Ahmed, to understand the epistemic structures of scientific racism. Second, it investigates how the racial attitudes of white healthcare professionals and supremacist patients towards black nurses can be potential triggers of cultural othering, corporeal burden and ethical quandaries by closely reading <i>Take My Hand</i> by Dolen Perkins-Valdez (2022) and <i>Small Great Things</i> by Jodi Picoult (2016). For this, the article relies on the theoretical frameworks of cultural phenomenology and somatic attention postulated by Thomas Csordas, Philipa Rothfield and other theoreticians of varying importance. While the corporeality of black nurses is replete with the images of biological misconception and racial-cultural constructs, the epistemic perspectives and literary representations underscoring their bodily and experiential agony have been scarcely examined through the lenses of bioethics. Thus, the article construes the corporeality of black nurses as the confluence of biological and cultural discourses under phenomenological bioethics.</p>","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"720-727"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From othering to belonging: a framework for DEI history-telling and strategising.","authors":"April Edwell, Jennifer Edwell","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012656","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The medical profession in the USA is-and has long been-a segregated workforce. Currently, just 5.0% of all US physicians are black. Understanding the origins and mechanisms of this disparity is essential to creating a future where black healing and healers are supported by our medical system. In pursuit of this future, this article offers 'othering' and 'belonging' as frames of analysis and intervention for diversity and equity initiatives.Building on previous historical studies of racism in medicine, this project reveals how the figure of the 'American physician' was created through exclusionary/othering tactics. In part 1, we analyse antebellum historical sources to demonstrate the role of medicine in creating and promulgating racial categories and hierarchies. Next, in part 2, we explore the historical conditions that produced the American physician as a significant professional identity by analysing texts by the American Medical Association and affiliated state medical societies. Then, we turn towards solutions in part 3. To redress inequities produced by othering, particularly the continued exclusion of black people from the medical profession, we argue that medical leaders should cultivate a professional culture of belonging. As we will explain, belonging goes beyond tolerating and respecting difference; it entails shared culture, equal rights and inclusive structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"755-763"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making my voice and owning its future.","authors":"Jamie Preece, Emma Sullivan, Fin Tams-Gray, Graham Pullin","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2024-013021","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2024-013021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article explores disabled experience and the future of technologies relating to augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). This field includes people's use of AAC devices, typically in combination with other modes of communication, including vocalising, revoicing and body language. Such devices have speech technology and digital voices built into them and we will consider who could be said to have ownership of these technologies. We will also explore the role that people who use AAC have in making their AAC-and how this also contributes to shaping its future. The meanings of 'voice', 'making' and 'ownership' in the context of AAC are many. Yet too often the relationship between these is presented as if it is singular and straightforward. This paper will start by considering the most prevalent, obvious interpretations and build alternative and more complex directions from there. One of the authors uses AAC and is constantly personalising his software, editing and remaking it to reflect his needs and current thinking, representing his voice in ways that he feels ownership of; another is a life partner and can also be thought of as being part of his AAC. Two authors are researchers in an art school, where the act of making things in studios and workshops is inseparable from creative authorship and ownership. Together, all four authors are exploring the meaning and making of speech technology, experimenting with and appropriating it in ways not anticipated by its developers. This paper is a hybrid of voices: disabled and non-disabled; academic and non-academic coresearchers; designers and codesigners. Its unconventional format is intended to reflect the unconventional relationship between the researchers and to represent the conversation between these different voices.</p>","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"624-634"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Woman in the brain, or the fraught relationship between feminism and mental health.","authors":"Cinzia Greco","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2024-013033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2024-013033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article explores the complicated relationship between feminism and women's mental health. I discuss the differences and convergences between neurodiversity and mental health and how feminist theory has approached these topics. While contrasting the pathologisation that mental health disciplines can apply to women, feminism has often reduced mental health conditions to mere manifestations of patriarchy. Using autism as a prism, I propose that the neurodiversity paradigm can be a means to discuss diverse brain and mind experiences without reinforcing pathologisation. The choice of autism has two motivations: while autism is a neurological difference and not a mental illness, the complex experiences of autistic women exemplify their otherness and exclusion, highlighting the marginalisation of women with atypical brains not just in society but also in feminist theories and practicesDrawing on documentary sources and discussing theoretical approaches from the UK, the USA, and, to a lesser extent, other English-speaking countries, this article aims to advance the feminist discourse on mental health. I illustrate the necessity to enrich feminist perspectives on mental health and suggest ways to make feminist theories and practices more inclusive of neurodivergent and mad women.</p>","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correspondence on \"Dating apps as health allies? Examining the opportunities and challenges of dating apps as partners in public health\" by Garcia-Iglesias <i>et al</i>.","authors":"Dan Wohlfeiler, Jen Hecht","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2024-013106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2024-013106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For public health, any partnership with the private sector raises ethical issues. While programmes to prevent HIV and STI (sexually transmitted infections) have focused on understanding the priorities and cultural mores of diverse communities, they need to develop a similar understanding of how private businesses work. In this commentary, we identify our successes, and challenges, in building ongoing collaborations with dating apps in order to reduce HIV/STI transmission among their users. We have conducted multiple surveys to determine which strategies are most likely to be accepted by both dating app owners and users, and which of those strategies public health experts believe will have the greatest benefit. This research has helped us prioritise strategies to bring to app owners. We have made significant progress in seeing apps and users adopt many of these strategies, particularly in developing optional personal profile fields which allow users to exchange information and make informed choices about their sexual health strategies. Our efforts have also helped apps implement tools to reduce stigmatisation among their users.</p>","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data discrepancies: Italian ministry reports on abortion, contextualised.","authors":"Danielle Pullan, Payton Gannon","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012852","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Italian Ministry of Health reports annually on activities related to abortion and fertility, providing quantitative data that looks ripe for analysis. Actors ranging from activists to medical providers to European courts have criticised the data as misleading, but the Ministry reports have not changed. In this piece, we bring together different perspectives on this data from inside and outside academia and offer guidance on how it should-and should not-be used in research.In this article, we collect a wide variety of publications ranging from civil society groups' reports to court decisions, academic articles and investigative reporting and harmonise the way they engage with the Italian Ministry of Health's data regarding abortion and particularly conscientious objection.Analyses rooted in the demographic and medical data about abortion seekers, the abortion rates over time, the different methods of abortion, etc are trustworthy and can be used to extrapolate levels of abortion access. This dataset on conscientious objectors systematically undercounts objectors, implying a false equivalence between people who do not object and people who actually work in an abortion service. We recommend that the Ministry report both the number of objectors and the number of medical doctors working in abortion services.The Italian Ministry of Health produces some valuable data about abortion, but conscientious objection is the key feature of abortion access in Italy, and this key datapoint is flawed. The Ministry could improve clarity and increase citizens' trust in government reports by adding data on the number of abortion providers.</p>","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"539-544"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140899784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staff disability data in UK higher education: Evidence from EDI reports.","authors":"Eirini-Christina Saloniki, Kristoffer Halvorsrud, Isabelle Whelan, Nishat Halim, Riya George, Chloe Orkin","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2024-012892","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2024-012892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore how higher education institutions (HEIs) make transparent the data they collect on staff disability, and how this relates to existing equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI) charters.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Descriptive cross-sector quantitative study based on UK HEIs.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Higher education sector in the UK.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>162 HEIs across the UK with information extracted from the Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA), each institution's website and Advance HE.</p><p><strong>Primary and secondary outcome measures: </strong>Availability of a publicly available EDI report. Type of information on staff disability identified within the EDI report and level of detail, the latter derived from the number of different types of information provided in the report. Athena SWAN and Disability Confident award level for each HEI were used as a proxy for the sector's commitment to EDI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Under a quarter of HEIs do not have an open EDI report online. The majority of Athena SWAN award holders make their EDI reports publicly available, which is similar by Disability Confident status. Russell Group universities are more likely to have a publicly available report. Regionally, EDI report availability is lowest in London. The level of detail with regards to staff disability varies, with more than half of institutions providing 'little detail' and just under a third 'some detail'. Athena SWAN award holders and Disability Confident members are twice as likely to provide 'some detail' than those which do not hold an award.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Challenges remain to obtain a clear picture of staff with disabilities within higher education. The lack of both uniformity and transparency in EDI reporting with respect to disability hinders the ability to quantify staff with disabilities within higher education, develop meaningful interventions and address inequities more widely.</p>","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"555-560"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141248841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Living happily alone in Plato's cave? On loneliness, technology and the metaphysics of presence.","authors":"Clemet Askheim, Eivind Engebretsen, Marit Haldar","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2024-012965","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2024-012965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a lot of research on loneliness and technology, there is an underlying premise that actual, physical presence is more real than 'virtual' presence. This premise is rarely explicit, yet it implies a hierarchy of reality, where the 'here and now' is always on top. In this theoretical paper, we examine this latent hierarchy and the understandings of presence and mediation it implies. We point towards potential consequences of this understanding for research on the role of technology in reducing loneliness and social isolation. To do this, we draw on the philosophical analysis made by Martin Heidegger and Jacques Derrida of what they called 'the metaphysics of presence'. This is the tendency to privilege presence as the only immediate and truthful access to reality, whereas all forms of mediations constitute mere approximations, derivations and second-rate realities with dubious truth value. First, we present their diagnosis, and then we show how it pertains to research on virtual presence and loneliness by analysing some examples from this research. Finally, we discuss some potential implications of the metaphysics of presence through a case story compiled from our empirical research. Our foundational assertion is that the question of whether anyone experiences loneliness is an empirical and not a metaphysical question. If we want to properly understand loneliness and the potential for alleviating it through the use of teletechnologies, we might get off on the wrong foot if we carry with us assumptions suggesting the existence of ascending levels of reality and presence.</p>","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"561-569"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141861239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Islamophobic myths on Indian healthcare.","authors":"Sana Saboowala","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012798","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper explores how anti-Muslim myths, particularly the related neo-eugenic ideas of 'population jihad,' 'love jihad,' and 'corona jihad', work to stigmatise Muslims in India. I discuss how these ideas, although debunked, are mobilised in the Indian healthcare system, systematising eugenics and negatively impacting Indian Muslims. This paper focuses, in particular, on the discriminatory experiences of pregnant Muslim women due to the 'population jihad' myth. I conclude by discussing the activist work of doctors in India who oppose Islamophobia and outline their suggestions for moving towards a more just healthcare system.</p>","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"590-593"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141093358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ableist stare: an interdisciplinary, narrative-driven exploration of staring at disabled bodies.","authors":"Spencer James Schmid","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012636","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, I explore a phenomenon those with visible disabilities are all too familiar with: being stared at for their disabled bodies. Drawing on the interrelated fields of psychology, narrative, autoethnography and philosophy, I argue that staring at disabled bodies morally harms disabled people. This moral harm arises from the fact that not only does staring at disabled people fundamentally treat them as means to ends in which they cannot share, and thus, violates the Kantian formula of humanity, but also because this staring results in further, consequential harms for disabled people as well. In elaborating on these consequential harms, I draw largely on the works of disability ethicists Rosemarie Garland-Thomson and Elizabeth Barnes and argue that staring at disabled people contributes to the hermeneutical injustice disabled people face in their largely ableist world. Having identified these harms, I then explore the ameliorative potential of elevating disability narrative (with various disability narratives largely leading the discussion, including my own), drawing on Hilden Lindemann's <i>Damaged Identities, Narrative Repair</i>, and hope to call attention to the ways in which our broader structurally ableist world contributes to disabled people being stared at for their bodies in such harmful fashion.</p>","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"466-474"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139913745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}