Medical Humanities最新文献

{"title":"'Who Sanitizes the Sanitizer?': COVID Comics and Sanitisers.","authors":"Ishani Anwesha Joshi, Sathyaraj Venkatesan","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012733","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Much like face masks, hand sanitisers have become a household item and a prominent symbol since the COVID-19 pandemic. As sanitisers began to be widely used, contingent issues related to toxic ingredients in sanitising products, heightened pandemic-related anxiety, unscrupulous profiteering through inflated sanitiser prices, obsessive sanitisation, contamination fear, stockpiling, panic buying, and concerns regarding the overall effectiveness of hand sanitisers emerged. Building on these themes, the present article investigates the various issues related to sanitisers after a brief review of the history of sanitisers. To do so, the present article analyses sequential comics and single-panelled cartoons from comic artists such as Randall Munroe, Sarah Morrisette, Shivesh Shrivastava and Dan McConnell. This essay extends its inquiry beyond examining sanitisation practices during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated cultural implications. Drawing on insights from Object Oriented Ontology, this article brings to relief how sanitisers have evolved into objects that hold, govern and shape our modern existence. Furthermore, the present article highlights how the comic medium visually enunciates the lived experiences of the pandemic, rituals of sanitising and associated issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"486-493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139940904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'The Doctor in Search of Herself': women doctors' autobiographies, second wave feminism, and the feminist women's health movement, 1976-1987.","authors":"Elizabeth Evens","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012881","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Second wave feminist legal and educational reform contributed to the fourfold rise in the number of women doctors in the United States between 1970 and 1990, challenging the hierarchical medical workplace from within. At the same moment, the feminist women's health movement (FWHM) identified and protested gendered health disparities, changing medical practice from without. This article analyses five women doctors' autobiographical reflections of medical training published between 1976 and 1987, during this period of gendered upheaval. In these works, authors shared their experiences of entering a male-dominated profession, addressing second wave feminist concerns about women's workplace equality. They explored whether women could become full and equal members of the medical professional, but also how women should become members of a profession that mistreated female patients in ways the FWHM sought to address. Through autobiographical writing, women doctors shared experiences that amplified these reform imperatives, while reflecting on their position as agents within an unequal healthcare system.</p>","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"520-528"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141184654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An alternative theoretical approach to develop a new conception about pain in people with dementia.","authors":"Christian Morgner, Karen Harrison Dening, Tom Dening, Barry Gibson","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012718","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The theoretical approach presented in this paper describes a novel experimental-theoretical methodology to conceptualise pain in people with dementia. Existing procedures for assessment of pain rely on subjective self-report using pain questionnaires and rating scales that have proven to be highly problematic where a person has dementia. Consequently, pain in people with dementia can be undetected and/or undertreated. To address that, we have developed an alternative experimental approach that builds on theoretical and methodological precedents from the arts, humanities and social sciences, for instance, visual thinking strategies, creative thinking or two-step flow of communication. Based on this approach, we designed an experimental workshop setting to ingrate these methodologies to explore pain and its expression in people with dementia. This had led to a new definition of pain as an interruption of the socially mediated process of bodily meaning-making. Furthermore, our experimental methodology could equally well be applied as a training method, where professional staff can intervene into existing implicit meanings and understandings of medical issues. These results emphasise that the future of pain research needs to consider the relational aspects of pain more seriously.</p>","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"545-554"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141157742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What can art history offer medical humanities?","authors":"Suzannah Biernoff, Fiona Johnstone","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012763","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article charts the emergence of visual medical humanities as a space of academic research, creative practice and lively critical debate, with a focus on how art historical scholarship has influenced the field's formation. Concentrating on developments over the past decade, it offers an overview of current scholarship while highlighting opportunities and challenges for the future. We begin with a survey of medical and health humanities handbooks and readers, noting that their engagement with art and visual culture is predominately limited to the contexts of therapy, clinical pedagogy and medical history. The main part of the article explores art historical scholarship in relation to three areas of significance for the medical humanities. First, we address art historical research that engages with medical history, identifying major <i>topoi</i> including the anatomical body, the doctor-patient encounter and the close relationship between clinical and artistic vision; we argue that this work has tended to presume, rather than explicitly articulate, its relationship to medical humanities and recommend that art historians wishing to engage more deeply with the medical humanities need to clearly communicate what their work brings to wider debates in the field. Second, we explore contemporary arts practices that mobilise health-related experiences, forms of care and practical activism: medical humanities, we argue, has much to gain from a critical engagement with contemporary (as well as historical) art. Third, we review three art history-led projects that are redefining the field and promoting new models for collaborative 'entanglement' across disciplines: <i>Art HX: Visual and Medical Legacies of British Colonialism; Visualizing the Virus</i>; and <i>Confabulations: Art Practice, Art History, Critical Medical Humanities</i> By arguing for the vital importance of attending to the critical complexities of art and visual culture, this article aims to enrich existing debates and provoke a new wave of visually engaged medical humanities scholarship.</p>","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"529-538"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141180282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opacity, difference and not knowing: what can psychiatry learn from the work of Édouard Glissant?","authors":"Mattias Strand","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012790","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Martinican poet, novelist and cultural theorist Édouard Glissant (1928-2011) rejected contemporary simplistic notions of creole hybridity popularised in the 1980s and 1990s in favour of a unique and explicitly antiessentialist construct of Caribbeanness-a form of being that embraces place while shunning any associated ideas of rootednesss. Throughout his work, there is a constant tension between the local and the global, the particular and the universal, the essentialist and the homogenising, a tension that is never resolved but used creatively to stake out an emergent third position against a backdrop of a metaphorical Caribbean seascape. The purpose of this article is to shed light on a central idea developed by Glissant: the importance of acknowledging opacity in the encounter with the Other, in contrast to idealised notions of transparency as inherently desirable. This 'right to opacity' has been embraced in poststructural theory, postcolonial activism and contemporary art. However, I argue that opacity is also a highly relevant notion in clinical contexts, as an essential resource for understanding concepts such as first-person, second-person and third-person perspectives in the phenomenology of mental health and illness. For illustration, I point to a number of clinical tools and approaches-such as the Cultural Formulation Interview, Therapeutic Assessment and the employment of a not-knowing stance in mentalisation-based treatment-that successfully incorporate a respect for opacity as a core value in the clinician-patient encounter. This article is not an attempt to offer a definitive how-to guide on how to make use of the ideas of Édouard Glissant in the clinic; instead, I hope to inspire further discussion about how various notions of opacity and transparency come into play for mental health practitioners and how acknowledging alterity and difference may contribute to more fruitful and respectful ways of engaging with the patient-as-Other.</p>","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"439-449"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139576842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dating apps as health allies? Examining the opportunities and challenges of dating apps as partners in public health.","authors":"Jaime Garcia-Iglesias, Brian Heaphy, Sharif Mowlabocus, Neta Yodovich, Maurice Nagington, Karissa Patton, Sophie Atherton, Andrea Ford","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2024-012901","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2024-012901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, dating apps have become important allies in public health. In this paper, we explore the implications of partnering with dating apps for health promotion. We consider the opportunities and challenges inherent in these collaborations, paying special attention to privacy, trust, and user care in a digital environment.Despite their potential as targeted health promotion tools, dating apps raise significant ethical concerns, including the commodification of user data and privacy breaches, which highlight the complexities of blending healthcare initiatives with for-profit digital platforms. Furthermore, the paper delves into issues of discrimination, harassment and unequal access within these apps, factors which can undermine public health efforts.We develop a nuanced framework, emphasising the development of transparent data policies, the decoupling of content moderation from health initiatives and a commitment to combat discrimination. We underscore the importance of embedding app-based health initiatives within broader care pathways, ensuring comprehensive support beyond the digital domain. This essay offers vital insights for public health practitioners, app developers and policymakers navigating the intersection of digital innovation and healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"594-597"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140959890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurodiversity and disability: what is at stake?","authors":"Eleanor K Jones, Vivienne Orchard","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012808","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodiversity has come hugely to the fore in recent years in a variety of contexts, and is now subject to academic debate, activist discussion, and increasingly embedded in a range of institutional and corporate settings in the Global North, from workplaces to early years education, from psychotherapy to mainstream political discourses. The term has gained traction in Medical Humanities, as well as debate within bioethics, philosophy of psychology, and of law. Institutionally, it is now relied on in therapeutic practice, autism service provision, as well as in higher education, in particular. In this conceptual article we examine what is at stake in these usages and the implications in need of scrutiny. We resituate neurodiversity in relation to questions of disability by examining the deployment of neurology as the basis for identity, rights and benefits. The emergence of the term and the understandings to which it gives rise, we argue, leave out urgent questions of what is at stake for disabled people in a political climate of increasing harshness and ableism.</p>","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"456-465"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139742296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encoding material female bodies through cosmetic surgeries: a study of cultural economy and the biometric dynamics of Indian Hindi film stars.","authors":"Chakshu Gupta, Isha Malhotra","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012771","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of new body technologies has led to the deconstruction of a cosmetically enhanced celebrity body into a bioinformational data-self, which becomes a surveilled subject quantified through biometric proximity. Evidently, the bodies of Indian Hindi film actresses evolve into material sites for the discursive encoding, bioinformational performativity and transference of disciplining hegemonic beauty ideals. In this age of information, the celebrity capital and postdigital positionality of celebrity bodies grant their bioinformational spectacular performance with a potential biologising affect for the further corporealisation of popular body aesthetics. Drawing on the maxims of new materialisms and neoliberal subjectivities, the article seeks to decipher the entanglement between the cultural economy of Indian Hindi film stars, their enhanced biometric dynamics and biologising spectacular performativity. Indian Hindi film industry, media, tabloids, magazines, celebrity culture and aesthetic clinics situate Indian Hindi film actresses under vigilant surveillance and simulcast their cosmetic consumption and technologically enhanced bodies across the visual-online attention economy. The present study, therefore exposes the enhanced bodies and biometric dynamics of Indian Hindi film actresses as the human and non-human agentic forms of industrialised cosmetic culture and neoliberal bioconsumerism.</p>","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"494-503"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140319474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining legal and ethical challenges in HIV/AIDS disclosure obligations and medical practices: a case study from China.","authors":"Ziyi Xie, Zhizhuang Duan","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2024-012893","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2024-012893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In accordance with China's regulations on the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS, individuals diagnosed with HIV are required to disclose their medical condition when soliciting medical care in Mainland China. Empirical field investigations, however, indicate that people living with HIV (PLHIV) predominantly comply with this mandate only under conditions of absolute necessity. The ensuing conundrum, juxtaposing the imperative of privacy against the duty of disclosure, has materialised into a recurrent vicious cycle in its practical application, intensifying the intrinsic trust disparities characterising doctor-patient interactions. A meticulous scrutiny of pertinent legal precedents, coupled with in-depth field studies, reveals that the genesis of these complications can be traced back to an unforeseen metamorphosis in the legislative intent underpinning HIV/AIDS prevention and therapeutic strategies. While the initial objective was risk mitigation, the effect of enactment in real-world scenarios has significantly decreased. Owing to factors including extensive media reporting as well as prevailing public discourse, PLHIV, rather than being perceived as rights-bearing entities in legal frameworks, are increasingly relegated to the restrictive and dehumanising labels of 'HIV/AIDS'. As these individuals navigate their rights through alternative non-regulatory channels, circumventing formal legal obligations, their efficacy in actualising these rights is concurrently undermined.</p>","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"581-586"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141088596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body integrity dysphoria and moral responsibility: an interpretation of the scepticism regarding on-demand amputations.","authors":"Leandro Loriga","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012811","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A patient who requests an amputation deemed medically unnecessary by professionals is disqualified per se from being regarded as having medical decision-making capacity. This decision is based on the assumption that there is an option to pursue something other than amputation; such an assumption in many cases overflows into therapeutic obstinacy. This is the case for individuals who have ill or damaged body parts and who wish to avoid recurrent and painful medical treatment designed to save the limb, as well as for individuals affected by body integrity dysphoria (BID). BID is a condition that is recognised by the WHO and is included in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition. Individuals who are affected develop an intense feeling of overcompleteness of their body configuration, which leads to the development of a strong sense of dysphoria and consequently the desire to amputate in order to remove the source of such discomfort. In the few cases in which amputation has been carried out, the results have proved successful; the individual's quality of life has improved and they have had no new amputation desires. No medical therapy, including medical amputation, is available currently for individuals affected by the condition. This situation leads many with BID to mutilate themselves. Such events create a challenging ethical dilemma for the medical world.The present paper is focused on the capacity of the individual with BID to do other than request amputation and the implications that this carries regarding moral responsibility. It is proposed that the autonomy of the patient cannot be disqualified by default based on the amputation request, despite its oddity, and that any scepticism demonstrated by the physicians is based on a false preconception of ill will or ignorance, which results in a blaming attitude towards the requesting person.</p>","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"421-429"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139404757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}