Medical Humanities最新文献_第10页

Raising the Jewish nation: prescriptions of modern motherhood in folksgeszunt to Jews in interwar Eastern Europe. 养育犹太民族：乡亲们给战时东欧犹太人开出的现代母性处方》（Raising the Jewish nation: prescriptions of modern motherhood in folksgeszunt to Jews in interwar Eastern Europe）。

IF 1.2 3区社会学

Medical Humanities Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2023-012843

Ethell Alexandra Gershengorin

{"title":"Raising the Jewish nation: prescriptions of modern motherhood in folksgeszunt to Jews in interwar Eastern Europe.","authors":"Ethell Alexandra Gershengorin","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012843","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012843","url":null,"abstract":"The Society for the Preservation of the Health of the Jewish Population (OZE) was an organisation dedicated to providing medical aid to Eastern European Jews ravaged by war, revolution, poverty and disease during and after World War I. The OZE's top priority was addressing the health needs of Jewish children and teaching mothers how to 'properly' raise their infants, as children were believed to be the backbone and future of the Jewish nation. Analysing the OZE's public-facing newspaper Folksgezunt (People's Health), this paper examines how the OZE used reigning ideas in the Western European and North American scientific community around race and hygiene packaged in Yiddish to transform Jewish women into 'modern mothers'. Modernising maternity required Jewish women to be completely reliant on medical authority and relinquish traditional forms of childcare. At a time when Jews lived in different newly established nation-states of Eastern Europe, transforming maternity practices was part of a larger project started by Jewish physicians in the Russian Empire to unite Jews by defining them in national terms, replacing religious and parochial definitions. This paper uses discursive and gender analysis to explore how the OZE saw women's abilities (or not) to raise a healthy Jewish nation as a crucial part of Jewish national diaspora politics. Hence, this paper emphasises the political nature of a seemingly apolitical humanitarian project by uncovering how the image of a modern Jewish mother facilitated a vision of Jewish cohesion and perseverance through health.","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"254-265"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141157743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

#Headlesspreggos: challenging visual imaginaries of pregnancy and reproduction. #Headlesspreggos：挑战对怀孕和生殖的视觉想象。

IF 1.2 3区社会学

Medical Humanities Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2023-012865

Alana Cattapan, Danielle Mastromatteo

{"title":"#Headlesspreggos: challenging visual imaginaries of pregnancy and reproduction.","authors":"Alana Cattapan, Danielle Mastromatteo","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012865","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012865","url":null,"abstract":"Amid new abortion restrictions in the USA, scientific advances in genetic technologies and investigations of COVID-19 vaccinations in pregnancy, news stories about reproduction abound, often accompanied by images of what journalist Josie Glausiusz has called the \"headless, legless, pregnancy bump\". These images of disembodied pregnant torsos at once improve search engine optimisation for news organisations while perpetuating the view of the 'bump' as the quintessential visual representation of pregnancy.The images that accompany news articles convey meaning beyond what is included in the text and work to reinforce stereotypes about race, gender and age. In the so-called obesity epidemic, for example, psychotherapist and fat activist Charlotte Cooper documented how images of fat people with their heads cropped out view had become a visual symbol of abjection-'the headless fatty'-without a face or agency to speak of. The use of 'headless preggos' similarly divorces pregnant people from the embodied experience of their pregnancies, reducing them to a single body part.In this article, we chronicle our experiences tracking images of headless preggos via Twitter, arguing that their use works to erase pregnant people's autonomy and to construct the fetus as the central concern in reproductive interventions. We begin by tracing the evolution of visual representations of pregnancy including the increasing focus on the fetus and 'bump'. We then provide a description of our experience with the Twitter account, including our exchanges with academics, journalists and others that highlight how the continued reliance on headless preggos obscures the experiences of pregnant people by focusing all attention on the fetus, as well as how the same images might be thoughtfully deployed. We conclude by offering suggestions for those creating and selecting images that might result in more robust, creative visual representations of pregnancy and reproduction.","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"363-371"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141184551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Motherhood, medicine and magazines in interwar Vienna: the case of Die Mutter (The Mother, 1924-1926). 战时维也纳的母性、医学和杂志：Die Mutter（《母亲》，1924-1926 年）一案。

IF 1.2 3区社会学

Medical Humanities Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2023-012866

Alys X George

{"title":"Motherhood, medicine and magazines in interwar Vienna: the case of Die Mutter (The Mother, 1924-1926).","authors":"Alys X George","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012866","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012866","url":null,"abstract":"In an era long before 'Doctor Google', the question of how people accessed information about their bodies and their health is significant. This article investigates how medical knowledge about motherhood was disseminated in the pages of an entirely neglected and short-lived, yet important interwar Viennese periodical, Die Mutter: Halbmonatsschrift für alle Fragen der Schwangerschaft, Säuglingshygiene und Kindererziehung (The Mother: A Biweekly Magazine for All Questions about Pregnancy, Infant Hygiene and Child-Rearing). The magazine's founder, editor and champion was Gina Kaus, a bestselling, prize-winning author and screenplay writer. Die Mutter was part of a wider interwar Viennese press landscape of publications dedicated to mothers and motherhood, many of them produced by women for women. I suggest that periodicals about motherhood constituted an important alternative public sphere, one coming in part from the grassroots, rather than from a top-down municipal approach to public health-even in a city where mothers' bodies were already a focal point for left-of-center politics and public health initiatives in the wake of World War I.","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"246-253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Smoothies, bone broth, and fitspo: the historicity of TikTok postpartum bounce-back culture. 冰沙、骨头汤和健身饮料：TikTok 产后反弹文化的历史性。

IF 1.2 3区社会学

Medical Humanities Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2023-012830

Bethany L Johnson, Margaret M Quinlan, Audrey Curry

{"title":"Smoothies, bone broth, and fitspo: the historicity of TikTok postpartum bounce-back culture.","authors":"Bethany L Johnson, Margaret M Quinlan, Audrey Curry","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012830","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012830","url":null,"abstract":"TikTok, a now iconoclastic social media platform, hosts millions of videos on health, wellness and physical fitness, including content on postpartum wellness and 'bouncing back'. At present, few studies analyse the content of postpartum videos urging viewers to bounce-back or the potential influence of these videos. Given the acknowledged relationship between social media use and adverse mental health outcomes (eg, lowered self-esteem, increased stress, disordered eating risk), an investigation of bounce-back-related postpartum content on TikTok explores important intersections between wellness and fitness cultures and the embodied experience of postpartum recovery. Using a qualitative thematic analysis of bounce-back videos (n=175), we explore three themes: (1) Smoothies: eat, but don't be fat; (2) Bone broth: bounce-back with today's wellness trends; (3) Fitspo: moving your body matters. Importantly, videos recycle historically constructed thinking about what makes a 'good' or 'bad' body, invoke vintage diet-culture tropes (ie, drinking water to fill up before eating), and maintain potentially dangerous expectations for caregivers rooted in historical gender, race and class constructs. This results in a postfeminist mishmash of modern maternity practices and traditional hierarchies. Unpacking the historicity of TikTok content assists health practitioners, scholars and users in understanding the potential impacts of video content on new parents, as well as how to flag and contextualise potentially harmful content. Future studies should examine other TikTok subcultures, including teen mothers and trans parents, and explore the messaging directed at and the impact on those communities.","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"352-362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From the womb to the world: a study of pregnancy narratives by celebrity moms in India. 从子宫到世界：印度名人妈妈的怀孕叙事研究。

IF 1.2 3区社会学

Medical Humanities Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2023-012842

Pratyusha Pramanik, Ajit K Mishra

{"title":"From the womb to the world: a study of pregnancy narratives by celebrity moms in India.","authors":"Pratyusha Pramanik, Ajit K Mishra","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012842","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012842","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how celebrity moms in India are self-constructing their public persona through their pregnancy narratives. As a form of personal narrative, pregnancy narratives provide important insights into the unnarrated private world of pregnancy and its nuanced experiences. Although pregnancy and motherhood are glorified in India, it is subjected to a regime of cultural control thereby influencing women's disclosure of pregnancy behaviour and their narrative freedom. Despite being a life-altering event for women, pregnancy experiences and their narrativisation in India have largely been confined to the domestic spaces. However, some recent developments suggest the modernisation of maternity in India and point towards the emergence of a new cultural phenomenon as celebrity mothers through their pregnancy narratives are questioning the traditional beliefs and scientific practices which restrict women and their narrative freedom during pregnancy and childbirth. They are also documenting their obstetric violence, postpartum changes and the alternative means adopted by them to give birth. Through a narrative analysis of Kareena Kapoor's Pregnancy Bible (2021), Tahira Kashyap's The 7 Sins of Being a Mother (2021) and Kalki Koechlin's The Elephant in the Womb (2021), this article examines how modern maternity is being constructed in India and how it is entering popular discourse through personal narratives. In the process, it investigates how these celebrity mothers, to make themselves more acceptable, subvert the existing discourse of maternity and modernise it while retaining its necessary traditionalism. Most importantly, the article develops an understanding of the role of these narratives in encouraging the performance of maternity beyond the domestic setup.","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"343-351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141093327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

You and Your Baby (home, husband, and doctor): maternal responsibility in the British Medical Association booklet (1957-1987). 你和你的宝宝（家庭、丈夫和医生）：英国医学协会小册子中的产妇责任（1957-1987 年）。

IF 1.2 3区社会学

Medical Humanities Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2023-012864

Kate Errington

{"title":"You and Your Baby (home, husband, and doctor): maternal responsibility in the British Medical Association booklet (1957-1987).","authors":"Kate Errington","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012864","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012864","url":null,"abstract":"You and Your Baby was a pregnancy advice booklet, produced by the British Medical Association (BMA) from 1957-1987. This booklet was provided to expectant mothers in the UK, free of charge, and offered authoritative information on pregnancy, childbirth and caring for infants. Reprinted each year, You and Your Baby captured contemporary maternity policy and advice. But, in addition to the typical information that you might expect about mother and baby health, You and Your Baby advised readers on matters such as maintaining their appearance, marital relations and domestic duties. In this way, it advocated a specific vision of motherhood, with responsibilities to the home and husband. Further to these duties, this article will focus on the balance of responsibilities between pregnant women and their doctors, and how attitudes to trust and authority developed over time. The BMA publication repeatedly warned readers against listening to 'old wives' tales', instead emphasising the importance of accepting (and not questioning) professional medical guidance. Following the thalidomide scandal, however, women were made partially responsible for doctors' professional integrity; women were advised to avoid asking their doctors to prescribe medication that may later prove to be harmful, shifting the responsibility from the healthcare practitioner to the mother. This created an uncomfortable dissonance between the publication's attempts to establish and reinforce medical authority, and yet shift professional responsibility. The booklet series, therefore, posed women as responsible for their doctors, as well as their babies. In summary, this article presents a case study of the You and Your Baby BMA booklet, examining developing healthcare messaging around maternal behaviour and responsibility. It draws attention to supposed responsibilities to the home, husband and doctor and how those responsibilities changed over 30 years.","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"292-305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141238411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Federal field nurses and Indigenous births. 联邦战地护士与土著新生儿。

IF 1.2 3区社会学

Medical Humanities Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2023-012845

Laurel Sanders

引用次数: 0

Motherhood, wet-nursing and nation: nineteenth-century Brazilian medical perspectives. 母性、乳母和民族：十九世纪巴西医学的视角。

IF 1.2 3区社会学

Medical Humanities Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2023-012825

Tiago Fernandes Maranhão

{"title":"Motherhood, wet-nursing and nation: nineteenth-century Brazilian medical perspectives.","authors":"Tiago Fernandes Maranhão","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012825","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012825","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the viewpoints of nineteenth-century Brazilian physicians regarding women's roles as the 'propagators of the race'. It emphasises their perspectives on reproduction, breast feeding, and the involvement of enslaved wet nurses in a society grappling with significant paradoxes and conflicts as it sought to embrace modernisation. It also examines various aspects of women's health and childcare, encompassing topics like miscarriage and puériculture Through an analysis of medical discourse, this paper underscores physicians' profound influence in shaping societal assumptions surrounding maternal roles in Brazil. These understandings were instrumental in shaping the expectations for a 'modern nation', where racial considerations intertwined with broader discourses about female bodies. Drawing on diverse sources from the latter half of the nineteenth century, including newspapers and medical records, this paper also highlights the lived experiences of mothers-both tangible realities and imagined constructs. It emphasises how these experiences became integrated in ideological debates that centred on maternity, race, nationhood and modernity within a South Atlantic context. Conducting a discourse analysis of published medical sources, the paper finally uncovers the intricate interplay between reproductive politics, biological risk perceptions and national defence. It dissects how these elements coalesced into the language of biopolitics, moulding regulations and institutional control over the bodies of both white and black women. This exploration aims to enrich discussions about the intricate dynamics shaping institutional actions within the realms of reproductive health and national interests.","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"211-221"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

'What's a D and C between friends?' Space, intimacy and the medicalisation of unmotherhood in modernist literature. 朋友之间的 D 和 C 是什么？现代主义文学中的空间、亲密关系和非母性的医学化。

IF 1.2 3区社会学

Medical Humanities Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2023-012857

Kate Schnur

{"title":"'What's a D and C between friends?' Space, intimacy and the medicalisation of unmotherhood in modernist literature.","authors":"Kate Schnur","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012857","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012857","url":null,"abstract":"This essay theorises what 'unmotherhood'-or, living outside of motherhood-means within the specific context of 'the modern'. Unmotherhood is an actively constructed state; it is explored through the parameters of agentive choice, social pressure and state control; and at the turn-of-the-20th-century novels articulate this state through specific vocabularies of contemporaneous phenomena of modernity. I look to four novels representative of four forms of unmotherhood: Tess Slesinger's The Unpossessed depicts a somewhat voluntary abortion; H.D.'s Asphodel (and its sister novel Bid Me to Live) are fictional representations of the author's own stillbirth; Jean Rhys's Good Morning, Midnight depicts a woman's life in the wake of her newborn son's death and Nella Larsen's Quicksand is a narrative dependent on the protagonist's refusal to marry because of her equation of marriage with conception. Reading these narratives together affords us the opportunity to consider what 'unmotherhood' means as a constructed state in and of itself, beyond the presumed negative, passive state of the 'not' or the 'not yet'. Through this analysis, I define 'unmotherhood' as: (1) a state mediated through medical knowledge, objects, spaces and authority figures; (2) an experience narrated through vocabularies pulled from phenomena closely associated with 20th-century modernity and (3) a role dynamically shaped through compulsory heterosexuality embedded in familial relationships. In these three ways, my analysis of the selected novels defines unmotherhood as a permanent, transient, chosen, enforced and-contradictory as it all may be-a legible and definable experience.","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"266-275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141157744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Making Modern Maternity. 打造现代孕产妇。

IF 1.2 3区社会学

Medical Humanities Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2024-012995

Whitney Wood, Heather A Love, Jerika Sanderson, Karen Weingarten

引用次数: 0