Medical Humanities最新文献_第10页

Examining legal and ethical challenges in HIV/AIDS disclosure obligations and medical practices: a case study from China. 探讨艾滋病信息披露义务和医疗实践中的法律和伦理挑战：一项来自中国的案例研究。

IF 1.2 3区社会学

Medical Humanities Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2024-012893

Ziyi Xie, Zhizhuang Duan

{"title":"Examining legal and ethical challenges in HIV/AIDS disclosure obligations and medical practices: a case study from China.","authors":"Ziyi Xie, Zhizhuang Duan","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2024-012893","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2024-012893","url":null,"abstract":"In accordance with China's regulations on the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS, individuals diagnosed with HIV are required to disclose their medical condition when soliciting medical care in Mainland China. Empirical field investigations, however, indicate that people living with HIV (PLHIV) predominantly comply with this mandate only under conditions of absolute necessity. The ensuing conundrum, juxtaposing the imperative of privacy against the duty of disclosure, has materialised into a recurrent vicious cycle in its practical application, intensifying the intrinsic trust disparities characterising doctor-patient interactions. A meticulous scrutiny of pertinent legal precedents, coupled with in-depth field studies, reveals that the genesis of these complications can be traced back to an unforeseen metamorphosis in the legislative intent underpinning HIV/AIDS prevention and therapeutic strategies. While the initial objective was risk mitigation, the effect of enactment in real-world scenarios has significantly decreased. Owing to factors including extensive media reporting as well as prevailing public discourse, PLHIV, rather than being perceived as rights-bearing entities in legal frameworks, are increasingly relegated to the restrictive and dehumanising labels of 'HIV/AIDS'. As these individuals navigate their rights through alternative non-regulatory channels, circumventing formal legal obligations, their efficacy in actualising these rights is concurrently undermined.","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"581-586"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141088596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Body integrity dysphoria and moral responsibility: an interpretation of the scepticism regarding on-demand amputations. 身体完整性障碍与道德责任：对按需截肢怀疑论的解读。

IF 1.2 3区社会学

Medical Humanities Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2023-012811

Leandro Loriga

{"title":"Body integrity dysphoria and moral responsibility: an interpretation of the scepticism regarding on-demand amputations.","authors":"Leandro Loriga","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012811","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012811","url":null,"abstract":"A patient who requests an amputation deemed medically unnecessary by professionals is disqualified per se from being regarded as having medical decision-making capacity. This decision is based on the assumption that there is an option to pursue something other than amputation; such an assumption in many cases overflows into therapeutic obstinacy. This is the case for individuals who have ill or damaged body parts and who wish to avoid recurrent and painful medical treatment designed to save the limb, as well as for individuals affected by body integrity dysphoria (BID). BID is a condition that is recognised by the WHO and is included in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition. Individuals who are affected develop an intense feeling of overcompleteness of their body configuration, which leads to the development of a strong sense of dysphoria and consequently the desire to amputate in order to remove the source of such discomfort. In the few cases in which amputation has been carried out, the results have proved successful; the individual's quality of life has improved and they have had no new amputation desires. No medical therapy, including medical amputation, is available currently for individuals affected by the condition. This situation leads many with BID to mutilate themselves. Such events create a challenging ethical dilemma for the medical world.The present paper is focused on the capacity of the individual with BID to do other than request amputation and the implications that this carries regarding moral responsibility. It is proposed that the autonomy of the patient cannot be disqualified by default based on the amputation request, despite its oddity, and that any scepticism demonstrated by the physicians is based on a false preconception of ill will or ignorance, which results in a blaming attitude towards the requesting person.","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"421-429"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139404757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diagnosing Shosha: literature as a lens to view disease and history. 诊断 "肖夏"：以文献为视角来看待疾病和历史。

IF 1.2 3区社会学

Medical Humanities Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2023-012794

Craig M Klugman, Carol Levine

{"title":"Diagnosing Shosha: literature as a lens to view disease and history.","authors":"Craig M Klugman, Carol Levine","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012794","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012794","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, physicians have diagnosed fictional and non-fictional characters through portraits, biographies and writing. We argue that such an exercise can be beneficial for a uniquely health humanities reason-better understanding of our current world and the social determinants of health. Drawing on the method of health and social justice studies, we explore the character of Shosha, who appears repeatedly in the writings of Nobel Prize winner Isaac Bashevis Singer. Singer's strong story-telling skill and commitment to writing about the Jewish communities of prewar Poland in vivid detail preserve a slice of history, ensure that future generations will better understand what was destroyed by Nazi extermination policies, and provide lessons for modern political, hunger and war threats to human health. Shosha suffers from a lifelong debilitating disease that neither Singer nor subsequent commentaries ever name. The authors focus first on diagnosing the disease by consulting medical literature and experts. They then examine the value and pitfalls of this exercise and suggest that the lessons of understanding the disease historically, for teaching physicians how to recognise diseases rooted in war and poverty, and for enlightening all of us to the risks faced in human health by a world increasingly taking up arms and sliding towards fascism make diagnosing Shosha necessary and meaningful.","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"450-455"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139716493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Eugenics and genetic screening in television medical dramas. 电视医疗剧中的优生学和基因筛查。

IF 1.2 3区社会学

Medical Humanities Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2023-012882

Ayden Eilmus, Jay Clayton

引用次数: 0

Raising the Jewish nation: prescriptions of modern motherhood in folksgeszunt to Jews in interwar Eastern Europe. 养育犹太民族：乡亲们给战时东欧犹太人开出的现代母性处方》（Raising the Jewish nation: prescriptions of modern motherhood in folksgeszunt to Jews in interwar Eastern Europe）。

IF 1.2 3区社会学

Medical Humanities Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2023-012843

Ethell Alexandra Gershengorin

{"title":"Raising the Jewish nation: prescriptions of modern motherhood in folksgeszunt to Jews in interwar Eastern Europe.","authors":"Ethell Alexandra Gershengorin","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012843","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012843","url":null,"abstract":"The Society for the Preservation of the Health of the Jewish Population (OZE) was an organisation dedicated to providing medical aid to Eastern European Jews ravaged by war, revolution, poverty and disease during and after World War I. The OZE's top priority was addressing the health needs of Jewish children and teaching mothers how to 'properly' raise their infants, as children were believed to be the backbone and future of the Jewish nation. Analysing the OZE's public-facing newspaper Folksgezunt (People's Health), this paper examines how the OZE used reigning ideas in the Western European and North American scientific community around race and hygiene packaged in Yiddish to transform Jewish women into 'modern mothers'. Modernising maternity required Jewish women to be completely reliant on medical authority and relinquish traditional forms of childcare. At a time when Jews lived in different newly established nation-states of Eastern Europe, transforming maternity practices was part of a larger project started by Jewish physicians in the Russian Empire to unite Jews by defining them in national terms, replacing religious and parochial definitions. This paper uses discursive and gender analysis to explore how the OZE saw women's abilities (or not) to raise a healthy Jewish nation as a crucial part of Jewish national diaspora politics. Hence, this paper emphasises the political nature of a seemingly apolitical humanitarian project by uncovering how the image of a modern Jewish mother facilitated a vision of Jewish cohesion and perseverance through health.","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"254-265"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141157743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

#Headlesspreggos: challenging visual imaginaries of pregnancy and reproduction. #Headlesspreggos：挑战对怀孕和生殖的视觉想象。

IF 1.2 3区社会学

Medical Humanities Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2023-012865

Alana Cattapan, Danielle Mastromatteo

{"title":"#Headlesspreggos: challenging visual imaginaries of pregnancy and reproduction.","authors":"Alana Cattapan, Danielle Mastromatteo","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012865","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012865","url":null,"abstract":"Amid new abortion restrictions in the USA, scientific advances in genetic technologies and investigations of COVID-19 vaccinations in pregnancy, news stories about reproduction abound, often accompanied by images of what journalist Josie Glausiusz has called the \"headless, legless, pregnancy bump\". These images of disembodied pregnant torsos at once improve search engine optimisation for news organisations while perpetuating the view of the 'bump' as the quintessential visual representation of pregnancy.The images that accompany news articles convey meaning beyond what is included in the text and work to reinforce stereotypes about race, gender and age. In the so-called obesity epidemic, for example, psychotherapist and fat activist Charlotte Cooper documented how images of fat people with their heads cropped out view had become a visual symbol of abjection-'the headless fatty'-without a face or agency to speak of. The use of 'headless preggos' similarly divorces pregnant people from the embodied experience of their pregnancies, reducing them to a single body part.In this article, we chronicle our experiences tracking images of headless preggos via Twitter, arguing that their use works to erase pregnant people's autonomy and to construct the fetus as the central concern in reproductive interventions. We begin by tracing the evolution of visual representations of pregnancy including the increasing focus on the fetus and 'bump'. We then provide a description of our experience with the Twitter account, including our exchanges with academics, journalists and others that highlight how the continued reliance on headless preggos obscures the experiences of pregnant people by focusing all attention on the fetus, as well as how the same images might be thoughtfully deployed. We conclude by offering suggestions for those creating and selecting images that might result in more robust, creative visual representations of pregnancy and reproduction.","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"363-371"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141184551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Motherhood, medicine and magazines in interwar Vienna: the case of Die Mutter (The Mother, 1924-1926). 战时维也纳的母性、医学和杂志：Die Mutter（《母亲》，1924-1926 年）一案。

IF 1.2 3区社会学

Medical Humanities Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2023-012866

Alys X George

{"title":"Motherhood, medicine and magazines in interwar Vienna: the case of Die Mutter (The Mother, 1924-1926).","authors":"Alys X George","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012866","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012866","url":null,"abstract":"In an era long before 'Doctor Google', the question of how people accessed information about their bodies and their health is significant. This article investigates how medical knowledge about motherhood was disseminated in the pages of an entirely neglected and short-lived, yet important interwar Viennese periodical, Die Mutter: Halbmonatsschrift für alle Fragen der Schwangerschaft, Säuglingshygiene und Kindererziehung (The Mother: A Biweekly Magazine for All Questions about Pregnancy, Infant Hygiene and Child-Rearing). The magazine's founder, editor and champion was Gina Kaus, a bestselling, prize-winning author and screenplay writer. Die Mutter was part of a wider interwar Viennese press landscape of publications dedicated to mothers and motherhood, many of them produced by women for women. I suggest that periodicals about motherhood constituted an important alternative public sphere, one coming in part from the grassroots, rather than from a top-down municipal approach to public health-even in a city where mothers' bodies were already a focal point for left-of-center politics and public health initiatives in the wake of World War I.","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"246-253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Smoothies, bone broth, and fitspo: the historicity of TikTok postpartum bounce-back culture. 冰沙、骨头汤和健身饮料：TikTok 产后反弹文化的历史性。

IF 1.2 3区社会学

Medical Humanities Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2023-012830

Bethany L Johnson, Margaret M Quinlan, Audrey Curry

{"title":"Smoothies, bone broth, and fitspo: the historicity of TikTok postpartum bounce-back culture.","authors":"Bethany L Johnson, Margaret M Quinlan, Audrey Curry","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012830","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012830","url":null,"abstract":"TikTok, a now iconoclastic social media platform, hosts millions of videos on health, wellness and physical fitness, including content on postpartum wellness and 'bouncing back'. At present, few studies analyse the content of postpartum videos urging viewers to bounce-back or the potential influence of these videos. Given the acknowledged relationship between social media use and adverse mental health outcomes (eg, lowered self-esteem, increased stress, disordered eating risk), an investigation of bounce-back-related postpartum content on TikTok explores important intersections between wellness and fitness cultures and the embodied experience of postpartum recovery. Using a qualitative thematic analysis of bounce-back videos (n=175), we explore three themes: (1) Smoothies: eat, but don't be fat; (2) Bone broth: bounce-back with today's wellness trends; (3) Fitspo: moving your body matters. Importantly, videos recycle historically constructed thinking about what makes a 'good' or 'bad' body, invoke vintage diet-culture tropes (ie, drinking water to fill up before eating), and maintain potentially dangerous expectations for caregivers rooted in historical gender, race and class constructs. This results in a postfeminist mishmash of modern maternity practices and traditional hierarchies. Unpacking the historicity of TikTok content assists health practitioners, scholars and users in understanding the potential impacts of video content on new parents, as well as how to flag and contextualise potentially harmful content. Future studies should examine other TikTok subcultures, including teen mothers and trans parents, and explore the messaging directed at and the impact on those communities.","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"352-362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From the womb to the world: a study of pregnancy narratives by celebrity moms in India. 从子宫到世界：印度名人妈妈的怀孕叙事研究。

IF 1.2 3区社会学

Medical Humanities Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2023-012842

Pratyusha Pramanik, Ajit K Mishra

{"title":"From the womb to the world: a study of pregnancy narratives by celebrity moms in India.","authors":"Pratyusha Pramanik, Ajit K Mishra","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012842","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012842","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how celebrity moms in India are self-constructing their public persona through their pregnancy narratives. As a form of personal narrative, pregnancy narratives provide important insights into the unnarrated private world of pregnancy and its nuanced experiences. Although pregnancy and motherhood are glorified in India, it is subjected to a regime of cultural control thereby influencing women's disclosure of pregnancy behaviour and their narrative freedom. Despite being a life-altering event for women, pregnancy experiences and their narrativisation in India have largely been confined to the domestic spaces. However, some recent developments suggest the modernisation of maternity in India and point towards the emergence of a new cultural phenomenon as celebrity mothers through their pregnancy narratives are questioning the traditional beliefs and scientific practices which restrict women and their narrative freedom during pregnancy and childbirth. They are also documenting their obstetric violence, postpartum changes and the alternative means adopted by them to give birth. Through a narrative analysis of Kareena Kapoor's Pregnancy Bible (2021), Tahira Kashyap's The 7 Sins of Being a Mother (2021) and Kalki Koechlin's The Elephant in the Womb (2021), this article examines how modern maternity is being constructed in India and how it is entering popular discourse through personal narratives. In the process, it investigates how these celebrity mothers, to make themselves more acceptable, subvert the existing discourse of maternity and modernise it while retaining its necessary traditionalism. Most importantly, the article develops an understanding of the role of these narratives in encouraging the performance of maternity beyond the domestic setup.","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"343-351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141093327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

You and Your Baby (home, husband, and doctor): maternal responsibility in the British Medical Association booklet (1957-1987). 你和你的宝宝（家庭、丈夫和医生）：英国医学协会小册子中的产妇责任（1957-1987 年）。

IF 1.2 3区社会学

Medical Humanities Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2023-012864

Kate Errington

{"title":"You and Your Baby (home, husband, and doctor): maternal responsibility in the British Medical Association booklet (1957-1987).","authors":"Kate Errington","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012864","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2023-012864","url":null,"abstract":"You and Your Baby was a pregnancy advice booklet, produced by the British Medical Association (BMA) from 1957-1987. This booklet was provided to expectant mothers in the UK, free of charge, and offered authoritative information on pregnancy, childbirth and caring for infants. Reprinted each year, You and Your Baby captured contemporary maternity policy and advice. But, in addition to the typical information that you might expect about mother and baby health, You and Your Baby advised readers on matters such as maintaining their appearance, marital relations and domestic duties. In this way, it advocated a specific vision of motherhood, with responsibilities to the home and husband. Further to these duties, this article will focus on the balance of responsibilities between pregnant women and their doctors, and how attitudes to trust and authority developed over time. The BMA publication repeatedly warned readers against listening to 'old wives' tales', instead emphasising the importance of accepting (and not questioning) professional medical guidance. Following the thalidomide scandal, however, women were made partially responsible for doctors' professional integrity; women were advised to avoid asking their doctors to prescribe medication that may later prove to be harmful, shifting the responsibility from the healthcare practitioner to the mother. This created an uncomfortable dissonance between the publication's attempts to establish and reinforce medical authority, and yet shift professional responsibility. The booklet series, therefore, posed women as responsible for their doctors, as well as their babies. In summary, this article presents a case study of the You and Your Baby BMA booklet, examining developing healthcare messaging around maternal behaviour and responsibility. It draws attention to supposed responsibilities to the home, husband and doctor and how those responsibilities changed over 30 years.","PeriodicalId":46435,"journal":{"name":"Medical Humanities","volume":" ","pages":"292-305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141238411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0