Pulmonary Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Pulmonary Cryptococcosis Infection in Non-HIV Patients in a Tertiary Care Center in Taiwan.","authors":"Kuan-Chieh Tu, Ting-Chia Chang, Mei-I Sung, Chung-Han Ho, Kuo-Chen Cheng, Wen-Liang Yu","doi":"10.1155/pm/4389033","DOIUrl":"10.1155/pm/4389033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulmonary cryptococcosis is an important opportunistic fungal infection in immunocompromised individuals, including those with an infection of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but it can be increasingly seen in non-HIV patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 58 non-HIV-infected patients with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification Code B45.0 (pulmonary cryptococcosis) who were admitted to the Chi-Mei Hospital, Taiwan from January 2016 to April 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the enrolled 58 cases, 56 patients had no evidence of disease outside the lungs, and only two patients (3.4%) had disseminated diseases. Thirty-nine patients had pathologically confirmed pulmonary cryptococcosis, and 19 patients had clinically confirmed disease. Pulmonary cryptococcus patients with cancer had a nonsignificant numerically higher rate of ICU use (14.29% vs. 5.13%; <i>p</i> = 0.348). There were similar mortality rates in both cancer and noncancer patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis (4.76% vs. 2.70%; <i>p</i> = 0.581). Patients in the cancer and noncancer groups had a similar duration of hospital stay (7 vs. 6 days, <i>p</i> = 0.799) and low mortality rates (4.76% vs. 2.70%, <i>p</i> = 0.581) on standard antifungal therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cancer and noncancer patients had similar good outcomes after receiving appropriate standard antifungal treatment. Asymptomatic patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis diagnosed incidentally are self-limited and require no antifungal therapy.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>IRB number: 11111-004.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2026 ","pages":"4389033"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12933177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147310191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Review of Dyspnea and Chronic Fatigue in Patients With Long COVID: Clinical Characteristics and Associated Laboratory Parameters.","authors":"Maria Eduarda Souza Melo-Oliveira, Roberto Alves Lourenço, Eduardo Buzanovsky Louzada, Marcela Moutinho, Alessandra Ferrarese Barbosa, Virgílio Garcia Moreira, Luís Cristóvão Porto","doi":"10.1155/pm/5426125","DOIUrl":"10.1155/pm/5426125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Dyspnea and chronic fatigue stand out as prevalent manifestations in the postacute phase of COVID, resulting in substantial adverse effects on patients' quality of life and functional capacity. Although these symptoms have been widely documented, there is no clear consensus on the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie them. The available literature reveals a dispersion of clinical and laboratory data, and the variability in the methods of assessment of fatigue and dyspnea, as well as in the laboratory variables examined, limits the standardized understanding of this complex condition.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was aimed at identifying and synthesizing the evidence on the main clinical and laboratory characteristics related to dyspnea and fatigue in patients during long COVID from 2021 onwards.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The main databases used to select the studies were PubMed and Medline, also using LitCovid and Embase.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 42 articles that met the inclusion criteria were included, covering a total population of 30,682 patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The findings underscore the significant impact of long COVID on patients' quality of life, with persistent symptoms such as fatigue and dyspnea affecting a considerable proportion of individuals for durations ranging from 1 to 24 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The heterogeneity in research approaches highlights the urgent need for collaborative initiatives to elucidate the determinants of long COVID symptomatology and create more consistent evaluation protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5426125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12868379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress Echocardiography to Detect Exercise Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients With Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Disease.","authors":"Adam Dhayyat, Knut Stavem, Øyvind Jervan, Janne Mykland Hilde, Diyar Rashid, Jostein Gleditsch, Waleed Ghanima, Kjetil Steine","doi":"10.1155/pm/4127338","DOIUrl":"10.1155/pm/4127338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study was aimed at determining whether stress echocardiography could detect exercise pulmonary hypertension (ePH) in patients with mild chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD) as compared with right-heart catheterization (RHC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-six symptomatic patients with persistent residual perfusion defects detected using ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy underwent a haemodynamic assessment by RHC and echocardiography at rest and during exercise. We compared pulmonary pressures in echocardiography with RHC values using the definitions in current ESC/ERS guidelines for ePH [mean pulmonary artery pressure/cardiac output (mPAP/CO) slope > 3 mmHg/L/min] and PH (mPAP > 20 mmHg).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten of the 36 patients (28%) exhibited an increase in the invasive mPAP/CO slope of > 3 mmHg/L/min. The correlation between echocardiographic and invasive measures of the mPAP/CO slope and systolic pulmonary pressure (sPAP) during peak exercise was <i>ρ</i> = 0.75 (95<i>%</i> <i>C</i> <i>I</i> = 0.53-0.97) and <i>ρ</i> = 0.75 (95<i>%</i> <i>C</i> <i>I</i> = 0.53-0.96), respectively. In bivariate logistic regression analyses, ePH was associated with the echocardiographic sPAP during peak exercise [<i>o</i> <i>d</i> <i>d</i> <i>s</i>  <i>r</i> <i>a</i> <i>t</i> <i>i</i> <i>o</i> (<i>OR</i>) = 1.13, 95<i>%</i> <i>C</i> <i>I</i> = 1.02-1.24] and with the echocardiographic mPAP/CO slope (<i>OR</i> = 3.86, 95<i>%</i> <i>C</i> <i>I</i> = 1.24-12.03). In ROC analysis, AUC was 0.89 (95<i>%</i> <i>C</i> <i>I</i> = 0.78-1.00) for the optimal exercise sPAP cut-off value of 56 mmHg (<i>s</i> <i>e</i> <i>n</i> <i>s</i> <i>i</i> <i>t</i> <i>i</i> <i>v</i> <i>i</i> <i>t</i> <i>y</i> = 90<i>%</i>, <i>s</i> <i>p</i> <i>e</i> <i>c</i> <i>i</i> <i>f</i> <i>i</i> <i>c</i> <i>i</i> <i>t</i> <i>y</i> = 87<i>%</i>), and 0.84 (95<i>%</i> <i>C</i> <i>I</i> = 0.66-1.00) for the optimal mPAP/CO slope cut-off value of 3.7 mmHg/L/min (<i>s</i> <i>e</i> <i>n</i> <i>s</i> <i>i</i> <i>t</i> <i>i</i> <i>v</i> <i>i</i> <i>t</i> <i>y</i> = 89<i>%</i>, <i>s</i> <i>p</i> <i>e</i> <i>c</i> <i>i</i> <i>f</i> <i>i</i> <i>c</i> <i>i</i> <i>t</i> <i>y</i> = 79<i>%</i>).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Stress echocardiographic assessments of the exercise sPAP and mPAP/CO slope predicted ePH as measured using RHC with good discrimination and acceptable calibration, providing promising evidence in diagnosing ePH in patients with CTEPD.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03405480.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2026 ","pages":"4127338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12852060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146107671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary Cryptococcosis Infection in Non-HIV Patients in a Tertiary Care Center in Taiwan.","authors":"Kuan-Chieh Tu, Ting-Chia Chang, Mei-I Sung, Chung-Han Ho, Kuo-Chen Cheng, Wen-Liang Yu","doi":"10.1155/pm/4389033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/pm/4389033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulmonary cryptococcosis is an important opportunistic fungal infection in immunocompromised individuals, including those with an infection of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but it can be increasingly seen in non-HIV patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 58 non-HIV-infected patients with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification Code B45.0 (pulmonary cryptococcosis) who were admitted to the Chi-Mei Hospital, Taiwan from January 2016 to April 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the enrolled 58 cases, 56 patients had no evidence of disease outside the lungs, and only two patients (3.4%) had disseminated diseases. Thirty-nine patients had pathologically confirmed pulmonary cryptococcosis, and 19 patients had clinically confirmed disease. Pulmonary cryptococcus patients with cancer had a nonsignificant numerically higher rate of ICU use (14.29% vs. 5.13%; p = 0.348). There were similar mortality rates in both cancer and noncancer patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis (4.76% vs. 2.70%; p = 0.581). Patients in the cancer and noncancer groups had a similar duration of hospital stay (7 vs. 6 days, p = 0.799) and low mortality rates (4.76% vs. 2.70%, p = 0.581) on standard antifungal therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cancer and noncancer patients had similar good outcomes after receiving appropriate standard antifungal treatment. Asymptomatic patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis diagnosed incidentally are self-limited and require no antifungal therapy.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>IRB number: 11111-004.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e4389033"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147436603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spirometric Lung Function Patterns Across Body Mass Index Categories in Ghana: A Tertiary Care Perspective.","authors":"Walter Appati, Divine Aseye Yao Amenuke, Adelaide Appati, Christabel Afoakwah","doi":"10.1155/pm/8719046","DOIUrl":"10.1155/pm/8719046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Overweight and obesity are rising rapidly in low- and middle-income countries, including Ghana, with growing implications for respiratory health. Body mass index (BMI) influences respiratory mechanics and lung function, yet its relationship with spirometric abnormalities remains poorly characterised in sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed the distribution of BMI and its association with spirometric patterns among patients undergoing spirometry at a tertiary respiratory centre in Ghana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using all spirometry tests performed between 2018 and 2025 at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. Demographic and anthropometric data were extracted from medical records. Spirometric patterns were classified as normal, obstructive, probable restrictive or mixed. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between BMI categories and obstructive and probable restrictive ventilatory defects. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 557 spirometry tests, the median age was 42 years (IQR: 28-61 years), and 311 (55.83%) participants were female. Probable restrictive lung patterns predominated (183, 32.85%), followed by mixed (71, 12.75%) and obstructive patterns (67, 12.03%). The median BMI was 24.4 kg/m² (IQR: 21.4-29.2 kg/m²), whereas nearly half of the participants were overweight or obese (46.31%). Obesity was more common among females than males (28.62% vs. 11.79%; p < 0.001). Crude analysis demonstrated increased odds of probable restrictive ventilatory defects among obese participants (OR = 1.87, 95% CI [1.18-2.96], p = 0.007), but this association was attenuated after adjustment (aOR = 1.45, 95% CI [0.90-2.35], p = 0.127). No BMI category was independently associated with obstructive ventilatory defects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Abnormal spirometric findings were common, with probable restrictive ventilatory defects accounting for nearly one-third of all examinations. BMI was not independently associated with obstructive or probable restrictive ventilatory defects. These findings suggest that factors beyond body mass contribute to impaired lung function in this population and highlight the need for comprehensive respiratory assessment, including lung volume measurements where feasible.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e8719046"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13532566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148867270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Yield of Malignant Pleural Effusion in Various Primary and Metastatic Cancers: Insights Across Cancer Subtypes.","authors":"Santosh Basyal, Antony D Rawindraraj, Rahul Parajuli, Shardul Bhattarai, Laxman Wagle, Kritick Bhandari, Vikas Pathak","doi":"10.1155/pm/8469617","DOIUrl":"10.1155/pm/8469617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective/background: </strong>Pleural fluid cytology remains a cornerstone in diagnosing malignant pleural effusions (MPEs); however, its diagnostic yield varies considerably across cancer subtypes. This study is aimed at evaluating the diagnostic performance of cytology stratified by malignancy type.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study at a tertiary referral center in Raleigh, North Carolina, enrolling patients aged 18-100 years who underwent thoracentesis for suspected MPE between January 2015 and August 2018. MPE was defined by positive pleural fluid cytology, VATS findings, or histopathological confirmation. Variables analyzed included demographics, cytology results, thoracoscopic findings, and pleural biopsy histopathology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 779 pleural fluid samples, we included 667 patients (99 malignant and 482 benign); the remaining 86 samples included therapeutic thoracenteses, dry taps, and inadequate volume for cytology. Cytology diagnosed 86 cases of MPE (86.86%), while VATS identified additional eight cases. Overall cytology specificity was 99.8% (95% CI: 99.3%-100%). Adenocarcinoma demonstrated the highest cytologic sensitivity (90.24%), particularly in breast cancer-related MPE (67.44%). Among 482 cytology-negative cases, 130 had documented cancer histories, most frequently lung cancer (17.69%), hematological malignancies (12.30%), and breast cancer (10.76%). Skin and prostate cancers were more likely to yield false-negative cytology results. Malignant mesothelioma requires repeat cytology or VATS for definitive diagnosis in most cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pleural fluid cytology is highly specific and most sensitive for lung and breast adenocarcinomas. Combined cytology and VATS demonstrate superior diagnostic accuracy and should be the standard approach when initial cytology is negative and malignancy remains clinically suspected.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e8469617"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13172289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147934459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinguishing Between Bacterial and Viral Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Hospitalized Adults: The Importance of Clinical, Laboratory, and Imaging Findings.","authors":"Daria Strelkova, Anastasia Yasneva, Olga Kupriushina, Sergey Avdeev, Anna Vlasenko, Lyudmila Fedina, Olga Ivanova, Ivan Zakharenkov, Inna Kaledina, Nataliia Ananicheva, Svetlana Rachina","doi":"10.1155/pm/8552717","DOIUrl":"10.1155/pm/8552717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Our study aims to compare patients with identified viral and bacterial pathogens and develop a predictive model for determining community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) etiology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective case-control study, hospitalized adults with confirmed bacterial or viral CAP were compared at a 1:3 ratio. Patients were matched by gender, hospitalization department, age, and Charlson comorbidity index. The etiology of CAP was established through blood and sputum culture, polymerase chain reaction of respiratory specimens, and urinary antigen tests. Both objective variables and subjective symptoms were assessed using multivariate conditional logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study included 400 patients. Using the best-developed model, we found that patients with bacterial CAP were more likely to exhibit unilateral infiltration on visualization (odds ratio [OR] 20.47; 95% confidence intervals [CI; 7.51-55.81], p < 0.001), experience chills (OR 20.69; 95% CI [6.08-70.38], p < 0.001), have a higher heart rate (OR 1.04; 95% CI [1.01-1.06], p = 0.001), and demonstrate an elevated neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio (OR 1.58; 95% CI [1.16-2.14], p = 0.003). They also showed a decreased level of consciousness (OR 3.16; [1.16-8.61], p = 0.024), and were more likely to receive vasopressors within the first 24 h of admission (OR 8.28; 95% CI [1.75-39.22], p = 0.008). Conversely, they were less likely to have general weakness (OR 0.20; 95% CI [0.09-0.47], p < 0.001) and tended to have lower total serum protein levels (OR 0.06; 95% CI [0.01-0.45], p = 0.006). This model showed sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 91%, and positive predictive value of 97%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed model offers a valuable tool for assessing the etiology of CAP upon admission.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e8552717"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13284490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148296787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility and Safety of 1.1-mm Cryobiopsy for Acute Rejection Surveillance in Lung Transplant Recipients: A Comparative Study and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Alanna Barrios-Ruiz, Alejandra Yu Lee-Mateus, Bryan F Vaca-Cartagena, Paola Gutierrez-Gallegos, Rodrigo Funes-Ferrada, Prasanth Balasubramanian, Andras Khoor, Sadia Z Shah, Francisco G Alvarez, Maher Baz, Tathagat Narula, Remzi Bag, Kelly S Robertson, Sebastian Fernandez-Bussy, David Abia-Trujillo","doi":"10.1155/pm/3558336","DOIUrl":"10.1155/pm/3558336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Identifying graft rejection after lung transplantation remains challenging, and no consensus exists on the optimal surveillance strategy. Transbronchial forceps biopsy (FBx) is the conventional method but is limited by small sample size and crush artifacts. Sheath-guided cryobiopsy (CBx) using a novel 1.1-mm probe has emerged as a promising alternative. This study evaluates the feasibility and safety of the 1.1-mm cryoprobe and provides a focused review of current literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective observational single-center study between October 2022 and January 2023 of adult lung transplant recipients who underwent transbronchial biopsies for surveillance. Procedures were performed using either standard FBx or the 1.1-mm cryoprobe. Descriptive analyses compared feasibility and safety between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 72 lung transplant recipients who underwent 109 surveillance biopsies. A total of n = 56 CBx and n = 53 FBx procedures were performed. The median procedure time was 20 min (IQR 17-26) in the CBx group versus 22 min (IQR 15-33) in the FBx group. We found a statistically higher median sample area for CBx compared with FBx (11 vs. 6 mm², p < 0.01). No pneumothorax or postprocedural respiratory failure occurred in either group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CBx with a 1.1-mm probe provides larger histological samples than FBx, with comparable safety and potentially shorter procedural times. These findings support its feasibility for lung transplant surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e3558336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13080343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Untargeted and Targeted Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Lipidomic Profiling Revealed a Potential Biomarker Panel to Distinguish Clinical Isolates of M. tuberculosis From Nontuberculous M. kansasii.","authors":"Meenakshi Chugh, Saif Hameed, Jitendra Singh, Zeeshan Fatima","doi":"10.1155/pm/5535650","DOIUrl":"10.1155/pm/5535650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rising incidence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections, particularly Mycobacterium kansasii (M. kansasii), and their overlapping clinical features with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) are leading to diagnostic ambiguity in tuberculosis-endemic regions. Accurate differentiation remains limited by conventional diagnostic methods, emphasizing the need for molecular- and lipid-based biomarkers. In the present era of \"OMICS\" sciences, herein we attempted a comprehensive analysis of MTB and M. kansasii lipid profiles to elucidate species-specific lipidomic features as potential biomarkers. Three clinical isolates each of MTB and M. kansasii were obtained from treatment-naïve patients with microbiologically confirmed pulmonary infections. Lipid profiling was performed by integrating untargeted and targeted profiling through ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry from bacilli total lipid and mycobacterial cell wall lipid extracts. Untargeted profiling exhibited a higher abundance of fatty acyls, GLs, selected GPLs (PE, PG, PI, and PA), and saccharolipids (SLs) specifically Ac2SGL in MTB, whereas M. kansasii isolates were characterized by elevated levels of GPLs like PC and LPC, polyketides, and specific SLs such as diacylated trehalose species. Targeted quantification confirmed differential expression of GL (TG and DG) and GPL (PC, PE, LPC, PI, and PS) species, supporting their diagnostic relevance. Additionally, biomarker analysis further identified five lipid species with strong discriminative potential. Collectively, these findings support the development of a robust lipidomic biomarker panel for the accurate differentiation of MTB and M. kansasii, with potential implications for improved diagnostics and targeted therapeutic strategies after further confirmation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e5535650"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13239167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes and Prognostic Analysis of Therapeutic Bronchoscopy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients With Respiratory Failure Secondary to Malignant Central Airway Obstruction (MCAO).","authors":"Xiuyan Liu, Yukun Tao, Jing Li, Ming Ding","doi":"10.1155/pm/4702786","DOIUrl":"10.1155/pm/4702786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of therapeutic bronchoscopy in malignant central airway obstruction (MCAO) patients secondary to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially in those experiencing respiratory failure (RF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 101 cases of NSCLC-related MCAO patients who received therapeutic bronchoscopy from January 2018 to January 2025. Patients were classified into the RF group (n = 39) and the non-RF group (n = 62) based on the presence of RF (PaO₂/FiO₂ ≤ 300) resulting from MCAO.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Therapeutic bronchoscopy achieved technical success in 93.1% of 101 patients, with no significant differences in technical success (p = 0.521), complication rates (p = 0.147), and short-term or intermediate-term efficacy between RF and non-RF groups. Kaplan-Meier curves indicated a median survival of 16.98 months posttherapeutic bronchoscopy, with univariate analysis revealing statistically significant differences between the RF and non-RF groups (10.46 months vs. 18.62 months, log - rank χ² = 4.494, p = 0.034). Multivariate Cox survival regression indicated that ECOG PS of 3-4 points (HR = 3.437, 95% CI: 1.751-6.746, p < 0.001), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ≥ 250 U/L (HR = 2.538, 95% CI: 1.328-4.852, p = 0.005), and lack of systemic antitumor treatment (HR = 3.274, 95% CI: 1.481-7.235, p = 0.003) are risk factors affecting the 2-year survival of NSCLC-related MCAO patients. Notably, the presence of secondary RF, the location, and the degree of airway stenosis in patients before surgery were not associated with the prognosis (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Therapeutic bronchoscopy is safe and effective in NSCLC patients with MCAO. This intervention should be performed promptly when airway narrowing causes RF. The ECOG PS, serum LDH level, and systemic antitumor treatment might be independent factors affecting the prognosis of MCAO patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e4702786"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13382534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148521218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}