Pulmonary Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Dual-Task Performance in Individuals With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Joselyn González Pasten, Jennifer Campos Aguayo, Javiera Aburto, Felipe Araya-Quintanilla, Alejandro Álvarez-Bustos, Juan José Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Pat G Camp, Walter Sepúlveda-Loyola","doi":"10.1155/2024/1230287","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/1230287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by important extrapulmonary alterations that could affect the performance in dual task (DT) (motor and cognitive tasks executed simultaneously), which is defined as DT interference (DTI). <b>Objective:</b> To compare the performance of DT between individuals with COPD and healthy control subjects (HCSs). <b>Methods:</b> The literature search was conducted in seven databases (Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, SciELO, LILACS, and Google Scholar) up to December 2023, including studies published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. Studies with individuals diagnosed with COPD older than 60 years, who were evaluated with any DT assessment, and compared with HCS were included. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I). The meta-analysis was performed with JAMOVI software 5.4. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023435212). <b>Results:</b> From a total of 128 articles, 5 observational studies were selected in this review, involving 252 individuals aged between 60 and 80 years, from France, Italy, Canada, Turkey, and Belgium. Notable DTI was observed in individuals with COPD compared to HCS (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06-1.75, <i>p</i> = 0.04). Individuals with COPD had impaired gait speed, balance control, muscle strength, and cognitive interference during DT compared to HCS. DT assessment protocols included different combination of motor and cognitive tasks, using functional test, gait analysis, and muscle strength paired with countdown and verbal fluency tasks. Studies presented low (<i>n</i> = 2), moderate (<i>n</i> = 1), and serious (<i>n</i> = 2) overall risk of bias. <b>Conclusion:</b> Older adults diagnosed with COPD exhibited a significant DTI compared to HCSs, which is characterized by poorer physical and cognitive performance during DT execution. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating DT assessments into clinical practice for individuals with COPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2024 ","pages":"1230287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11330333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142000934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing the Safety and Efficacy of Bedaquiline-Containing Regimen for the Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.","authors":"Muhammad Candragupta Jihwaprani, Yipeng Sun, Wahyu Choirur Rizky, Idris Sula, Nazmus Saquib","doi":"10.1155/2024/5542658","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5542658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The risks and benefits of bedaquiline (BDQ) for treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) have not been firmly established. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of BDQ-containing regimens for the treatment of DR-TB as evidenced in available randomized controlled trials (RCTs). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, five databases (i.e., ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane CENTRAL, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SinoMed) were searched. RCTs among DR-TB patients that had a control arm were eligible. The safety endpoints were all-cause mortality and serious adverse effects (SAEs). Efficacy outcomes were sputum culture conversion rate at 8-12 weeks and 24-26 weeks, treatment success, and time to culture conversion. A total of 476 records were screened; 18 met the eligibility criteria. The pooled analysis included 2520 participants (55.8% received BDQ-containing regimens, <i>n</i> = 1408). Pooled safety outcomes showed no significant reduction in all-cause mortality (relative risk [RR] [95%confidence interval (CI)] = 0.94 [0.41-2.20]) or SAEs (RR [95%CI] = 0.91 [0.67-1.23]) in the BDQ-regimen group. Pooled efficacy outcomes showed significantly superior culture conversion rates at 8-12 weeks (RR [95%CI] = 1.35 [1.10-1.65]) and 24-26 weeks (RR [95%CI] = 1.25 [1.15-1.36]), more treatment success (RR [95%CI] = 1.30 [1.17-1.44]), and a 17-day reduction in the time to culture conversion (standardized mean difference [SMD] [95%CI] = -17.46 [-34.82 to -0.11]) in the BDQ-regimen group (reference: non-BDQ regimen). Overall, BDQ regimens showed significant treatment effect against DR-TB but did not reduce mortality or SAEs.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5542658"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11329311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142000935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to the ISHLT Protocol for the Referral of Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis to the Transplantation Center among of Czech Centers for Interstitial Lung Diseases.","authors":"Martina Sterclova, Martina Doubkova, Lubica Sykorova, Vladimir Bartos, Monika Zurkova, Vladimira Lostakova, Radka Mokosova, Martina Plackova, Ladislav Lacina, Michaela Cimrova, Radka Bittenglova, Pavlina Lisa, Pavla Musilova, Daniel Dolezal, Jana Psikalova, Petra Ovesna, Martina Koziar Vasakova","doi":"10.1155/2024/5918042","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5918042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are limited data on referral rates and the number of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) who are eligible for lung transplantation. The aim of the present study was to assess adherence to the consensus of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) for the referral of patients with IPF among Czech interstitial lung disease (ILD) centers. Czech patients who were diagnosed with IPF between 1999 and 2021 (<i>n</i> = 1584) and who were less than 65 years old at the time of diagnosis were retrospectively selected from the Czech Republic of the European Multipartner Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Registry (EMPIRE). Nonsmokers and ex-smokers with a body mass index (BMI) of <32 kg/m² (<i>n</i> = 404) were included for further analyses. Patients with a history of cancer <5 years from the time of IPF diagnosis, patients with alcohol abuse, and patients with an accumulation of vascular comorbidities were excluded. The trajectory of individual patients was verified at the relevant ILD center. From the database of transplant patients (1999-12/2021, <i>n</i> = 541), all patients who underwent transplantation for pulmonary fibrosis (<i>n</i> = 186) were selected, and the diagnosis of IPF was subsequently verified from the patient's medical records (<i>n</i> = 67). A total of 304 IPF patients were eligible for lung transplantation. Ninety-six patients were referred to the transplant center, 50% (<i>n</i> = 49) of whom were referred for lung transplantation. Thirty percent of potentially eligible patients not referred to the transplant center were considered to have too many comorbidities by the reporting physician, 19% of IPF patients denied lung transplantation, and 17% were not referred due to age. Among Czech patients with IPF, there may be a larger pool of potential lung transplant candidates than has been reported to the transplant center to date.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5918042"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11227946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilothorax: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review of the Rare Entity.","authors":"Roshan Acharya, Smita Kafle, Yub Raj Sedhai, Dhan Bahadur Shrestha, Kevin Walsh, Wasif Elahi Shamsi, Suraj Gyawali, Nikita Acharya, Anthony Lukas Loschner, Edmundo Raul Rubio","doi":"10.1155/2024/3973056","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/3973056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bilothorax is defined as the presence of bile in the pleural space. It is a rare condition, and diagnosis is confirmed with a pleural fluid-to-serum bilirubin ratio of >1.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and CINAHL databases were searched using predetermined Boolean parameters. The systematic literature review was done per PRISMA guidelines. Retrospective studies, case series, case reports, and conference abstracts were included. The patients with reported pleural fluid analyses were pooled for fluid parameter data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 838 articles identified through the inclusion criteria and removing 105 duplicates, 732 articles were screened with abstracts, and 285 were screened for full article review. After this, 123 studies qualified for further detailed review, and of these, 115 were pooled for data analysis. The mean pleural fluid and serum bilirubin levels were 72 mg/dL and 61 mg/dL, respectively, with a mean pleural fluid-to-serum bilirubin ratio of 3.47. In most cases, the bilothorax was reported as a subacute or remote complication of hepatobiliary surgery or procedure, and traumatic injury to the chest or abdomen was the second most common cause. Tube thoracostomy was the main treatment modality (73.83%), followed by serial thoracentesis. Fifty-two patients (51.30%) had associated bronchopleural fistulas. The mortality was considerable, with 18/115 (15.65%) reported death. Most of the patients with mortality had advanced hepatobiliary cancer and were noted to die of complications not related to bilothorax.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bilothorax should be suspected in patients presenting with pleural effusion following surgical manipulation of hepatobiliary structures or a traumatic injury to the chest. This review is registered with CRD42023438426.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2024 ","pages":"3973056"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11213635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141471501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Imaging Characteristics of Smear Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients: A Comparative Study.","authors":"Alem Alemayehu, Liya Wassie, Sebsib Neway, Samuel Ayele, Abraham Assefa, Kidist Bobosha, Beyene Petros, Rawleigh Howe","doi":"10.1155/2024/2182088","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/2182088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prevalence surveys in Ethiopia indicate smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis (SNPTB) taking the major share of the overall TB burden. It has also been a diagnostic dilemma worldwide leading to diagnostic delays and difficulty in monitoring treatment outcomes. This study determines and compares the clinical and imaging findings in SNPTB and smear positive PTB (SPPTB). <i>Methodology</i>. A case-control study was conducted on 313 PTB (173 SNPTB) patients. Data and sputum samples were collected from consented patients. Smear microscopy, GeneXpert, and culture analyses were performed on sputum samples. Data were analyzed using Stata version 17; a <i>P</i> value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 173 SNPTB patients, 42% were culture positive with discordances between test results reported by health facilities and Armauer Hansen Research Institute laboratory using concentrated smear microscopy. A previous history of TB and fewer cavitary lesions were significantly associated with SNPTB.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Though overall clinical presentations of SNPTB patients resemble those seen in SPPTB patients, a prior history of TB was strongly associated with SNPTB. Subject to further investigations, the relatively higher discrepancies seen in TB diagnoses reflect the posed diagnostic challenges in SNPTB patients, as a higher proportion of these patients are also seen in Ethiopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2024 ","pages":"2182088"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10937078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140132795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Retrospective Cohort Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Sequential versus Concurrent Intrapleural Instillation of Tissue Plasminogen Activator and DNase for Pleural Infection","authors":"K. Goh, Wui Mei Chew, J. Ong, C. Leong, Imran Bin Mohamed Noor, D. Anantham, Li Yan Sandra Hui, Mindy Chu Ming Choong, Charlene Jin Yee Liew, Marnie Tamayo Gutierrez, Jane Wong, Ivana Phua, Wen Ting Lim, Qiao Li Tan","doi":"10.1155/2023/6340851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6340851","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective. Intrapleural tissue plasminogen activator/deoxyribonuclease (tPA/DNase) is increasingly being used for pleural infections. Compared to sequential instillation of tPA/DNase, concurrent instillation considerably reduces the complexity of the administration process and reduces workload and the number of times the chest drain is accessed. However, it remains unclear if concurrent intrapleural therapy is as efficacious or safe as sequential intrapleural therapy. Methods. We conducted a retrospective review of patients with pleural infection requiring intrapleural therapy at two tertiary referral centres. Results. We included 84 (62.2%) and 51 (37.8%) patients who received sequential and concurrent intrapleural therapy, respectively. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics, including age, RAPID score, and percentage of pleural opacity on radiographs before intrapleural therapy, were similar in both groups. Treatment failure rates (defined by either in-hospital mortality, surgical intervention, or 30-day readmission for pleural infection) were 9.5% and 5.9% with sequential and concurrent intrapleural therapy, respectively (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 =\u0000 0.534\u0000 \u0000 ). This translates to a treatment success rate of 90.5% and 94.1% for sequential and concurrent intrapleural therapy, respectively. There was no significant difference in the decrease in percentage of pleural effusion size on chest radiographs (15.1% [IQR 6-35.7] versus 26.6% [IQR 9.9-38.7], \u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 =\u0000 0.143\u0000 \u0000 ) between sequential and concurrent therapy, respectively. There were also no significant differences in the rate of pleural bleeding (4.8% versus 9.8%, \u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 =\u0000 0.298\u0000 \u0000 ) and chest pain (13.1% versus 9.8%, \u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 =\u0000 0.566\u0000 \u0000 ) between sequential and concurrent therapy, respectively. Conclusion. Our study adds to the growing literature on the safety and efficacy of concurrent intrapleural therapy in pleural infection.","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":" 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138963554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Cameroon: Prevalence and Predictors-A Multisetting Community-Based Study.","authors":"Massongo Massongo,&nbsp;Adamou Dodo Balkissou,&nbsp;Laurent-Mireille Endale Mangamba,&nbsp;Virginie Poka Mayap,&nbsp;Marie Elisabeth Ngah Komo,&nbsp;Abdou Wouoliyou Nsounfon,&nbsp;Alain Kuaban,&nbsp;Eric Walter Pefura Yone","doi":"10.1155/2023/1631802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1631802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Little is known concerning chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where the disease remains underdiagnosed. We aimed to estimate its prevalence in Cameroon and look for its predictors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults aged 19 years and older were randomly selected in 4 regions of Cameroon to participate in a cross-sectional community-based study. Data were collected in the participant's home or place of work. Spirometry was performed on selected participants. COPD was defined as the postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC) < lower limit of normal, using the global lung initiative (GLI) equations for Black people. Binomial logistic regression was used to seek COPD-associated factors. The strength of the association was measured using the adjusted odds ratio (aOR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 5055 participants (median age (25^th-75^th percentile) = 43 (30-56) years, 54.9% of women) were enrolled. COPD prevalence (95% confidence interval (95% CI)) was 2.9% (2.4, 3.3)%. Independent predictors of COPD (aOR (95% CI)) were a high educational level (4.7 (2.0, 11.1)), living in semiurban or rural locality (1.7 (1.4, 3.0)), tobacco smoking (1.7 (1.1, 2.5)), biomass fuel exposure (1.9 (1.1, 3.3)), experience of dyspnea (2.2 (1.4, 3.5)), history of tuberculosis (3.6 (1.9, 6.7)), and history of asthma (6.3 (3.4, 11.6)). Obesity was protective factor (aOR (95%CI) = 0.3 (0.2, 0.5)).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of COPD was relatively low. Alternative risk factors such as biomass fuel exposure, history of tuberculosis, and asthma were confirmed as predictors.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"1631802"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10511289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41165915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient Perspectives on the Use of Digital Technology to Help Manage Cystic Fibrosis.","authors":"Alexandre H Watanabe, Connor Willis, Russell Ragsdale, Joseph Biskupiak, Karlene Moore, Diana Brixner, David Young","doi":"10.1155/2023/5082499","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/5082499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Digital health technologies (DHTs) have shown potential to improve health outcomes through improved medication adherence in different disease states. Cystic fibrosis (CF) requires care coordination across pharmacies, patients, and providers. DHTs can potentially support patients, providers, and pharmacists in diseases like CF, where high medication burden can negatively impact patient quality of life and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective cohort study, a CF-specific mobile application (Phlo) was distributed to adults with CF who received care at the University of Utah Cystic Fibrosis Center, used an iPhone, and filled prescriptions through the University of Utah Specialty Pharmacy services. Participants were asked to use Phlo for 90 days with an optional 90-day extension period. Participants completed four surveys at baseline and after 90 days. Changes in patient-reported outcomes, adherence, clinical outcomes, and healthcare resource utilization from baseline to 90 days were tracked.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phlo allowed users to track daily regimen activities, contact their care team, receive medication delivery reminders, and share progress with their healthcare team. A web-based dashboard allowed the care team to review reported performance scores from the app. Most patients (67%) said the app improved confidence in and motivation for continuing their regimen. The most important reported benefit of Phlo was having a single location to manage their whole routine.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Phlo is a mobile health technology designed to help patients with CF manage their treatment regimen and improve patient-provider communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"5082499"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9886457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10640031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Home Respiratory Polygraphy and Spirometry in Normal Weight and Children with Obesity Suspected for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Are There Any Associations?","authors":"Regula Corbelli,&nbsp;Constance Barazzone,&nbsp;Carole Grasset Salomon,&nbsp;Maurice Beghetti,&nbsp;Albane B R Maggio","doi":"10.1155/2023/1532443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1532443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>It is known that children and adolescents with obesity are more prone to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and that their lung function may show some disturbance. Literature is scarce about potential associations; therefore, we aimed to study the relationship between OSAS, lung function, and adiposity in a population of children suspected of OSAS. <i>Material and Methods</i>. We performed home respiratory polygraphy and spirometry in all subjects. The relationships between body mass index <i>z</i>-score (zBMI), polygraphy, and spirometry data were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We recruited 81 subjects aged between 5 and 16 years, 63% being obese. 43.2% of subjects were diagnosed with OSAS (32.1% mild, 4.9% moderate, and 6.2% severe). We found no correlation between respiratory polygraphy and the zBMI. The mean spirometric value FEV₁, FVC, and FEV₁/FVC ratio <i>z</i>'s were normal in all subjects, whereas FVC <i>z</i>'s and FEV₁/FVC ratio <i>z</i>'s were significantly positively related for obesity and negatively for normal weight (<i>p</i> < 0.05). FEV₁ <i>z</i>'s was inversely correlated to the percentage of analyzed time passed below 90% of SpO₂ (<i>r</i> = -0.224, <i>p</i> = 0.044). All subjects with FEV₁ (<i>n</i> = 8) and/or FVC (<i>n</i> = 9) <i>z</i>'s below the lower limit for normal (LLN) had an AHI ≥ 1 (FEV₁: <i>p</i> = 0.001; FVC: <i>p</i> < 0.001), especially subjects with normal weight (FEV₁: <i>p</i> = 0.003; FVC: <i>p</i> = 0.010).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When comparing normal-weight children and adolescents with obesity, the prevalence of OSAS but not spirometric values was strongly related to BMI <i>z</i>-score, probably because obesity engenders advanced puberty and an accelerated growth spurt. FEV₁ was more frequently <LLN in normal-weight children, while obese subjects presented low FEV₁/FVC ratio <i>z</i>'s and FEF_25-75% <i>z</i>'s. Moreover, all subjects with abnormal spirometric values were suffering from at least mild OSAS, again more frequently in normal-weight subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"1532443"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9906030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10692322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric COVID-19: Correlations between Clinical and Imaging Perspectives.","authors":"Heba A Ali,&nbsp;Shaimaa A Mohammad","doi":"10.1155/2023/4159651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4159651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although SARS-CoV-2 infection primarily affects adults, the increasing emergence of infected pediatric patients has been recently reported. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the value of imaging in relation to the clinical severity of this pandemic emergency.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To demonstrate the relationships between clinical and radiological COVID-19 findings and to determine the most effective standardized pediatric clinical and imaging strategies predicting the disease severity. <i>Patients and Methods</i>. This observational study enrolled eighty pediatric patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. The studied patients were categorized according to the disease severity and the presence of comorbidities. Patients' clinical findings, chest X-ray, and CT imaging results were analyzed. Patients' evaluations using several clinical and radiological severity scores were recorded. The relations between clinical and radiological severities were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant associations were found between severe-to-critical illness and abnormal radiological findings (<i>p</i> = 0.009). In addition, chest X-ray score, chest CT severity score, and rapid evaluation of anamnesis, PO2, imaging disease, and dyspnea-COVID (RAPID-COVID) score were significantly higher among patients with severe infection (<i>p</i> < 0.001, <0.001, and 0.001) and those with comorbidities (<i>p</i> = 0.005, 0.002, and <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Chest imaging of pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection may be of value during the evaluation of severe cases of infected pediatric patients and in those with underlying comorbid conditions, especially during the early stage of infection. Moreover, the combined use of specific clinical and radiological COVID-19 scores are likely to be a successful measure of the extent of disease severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"4159651"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10171977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9469322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}