Journal of Optometry最新文献

{"title":"Refractive error in preterm infants without retinopathy of prematurity aged 1–18 months: A propensity score matching analysis","authors":"Lu Huo,&nbsp;Xinyu Jia,&nbsp;Chunmei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2025.100559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optom.2025.100559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Preterm birth is associated with an increased risk of abnormal refractive development, even without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). This study aimed to evaluate the differences in refractive error between preterm infants without ROP and full-term infants, as well as to assess the relationship between physical parameters at birth and refractive status in preterm infants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 1205 infants aged 1–18 months participated in this cross-sectional study conducted at Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center in China from March 2020 to September 2023. Following One-to-one propensity score matching (PSM), 230 pairs of infants were included. Refraction was examined by cycloplegic refraction, and the mean spherical equivalent (MSE) of both eyes was analyzed. A simple linear regression model was employed to determine the relationships between refractive state and gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), and birth length (BL) in preterm infants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 1205 infants, 230 were preterm infants without ROP, and 975 were full-term infants. After PSM, the MSE of preterm infants was lower than that of full-term infants during every period (<em>t</em> = −0.320, <em>P</em> = 0.749). Compared with full-term infants, preterm infants exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of refractive error (<em>P</em> = 0.014), particularly astigmatism (<em>P</em> = 0.040). Although the difference in myopia between the two groups was not significant (<em>P</em> = 0.500), preterm infants had more frequent emmetropia than full-term infants across all stages (<em>P</em> = 0.037). In addition, MSE was negatively correlated with both BW and BL (R² = 0.260, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001; R² = 0.035, <em>P</em> = 0.004); however, there was no correlation between MSE and GA (R² = 0.048, <em>P</em> = 0.051).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Compared to full-term infants, preterm infants without ROP exhibit lower MSE values and a higher prevalence of refractive errors, particularly astigmatism, and a trend towards developing myopia was observed during early life. BW can be utilized as a parameter to predict the early refractive status of these preterm infants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":"18 3","pages":"Article 100559"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply from the authors to: The correlation between relative peripheral refraction and myopia progression: A commentary on the utility of retinoscopy for peripheral refraction assessment","authors":"Maciej Perdziak ,&nbsp;Krystian Prymula ,&nbsp;Anna Przekoracka-Krawczyk","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2025.100549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optom.2025.100549","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":"18 3","pages":"Article 100549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal and choroidal microvasculature and structural analysis in OCTA for refractive amblyopia diagnosis using machine learning","authors":"Xinlong Liu ,&nbsp;Caihong Xue ,&nbsp;Mengdi Li ,&nbsp;Yatu Guo ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2025.100555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optom.2025.100555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the features of retinal and choroidal microcirculation and structure in patients with amblyopia compared to healthy adolescents of the same age (&gt;10 years old). To classify and diagnose amblyopia using machine learning techniques on optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA) images.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Nineteen adolescents aged 11–17 with hyperopic refractive amblyopia and 22 age-matched healthy controls underwent 12 × 12 mm macular OCTA scans. The eyes were classified into three groups: amblyopic, contralateral non-amblyopic, and control. Retinal thickness (RT), choroidal thickness (ChT), and perfusion densities in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) were measured across nine regions. A combination of statistical analysis and machine learning, including cross-validation and Random Forest classification, was used to enhance the diagnostic accuracy and classify amblyopic and normal eyes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Retinal thickness was significantly higher in the amblyopic eyes compared to the control group in multiple regions, including the central (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), nasal (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), and temporal zones(<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). Choroidal thickness was also greater in the amblyopic eyes, particularly in the central and nasal regions (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the perfusion densities of SCP and DCP. The machine learning classification model incorporating cross-validation achieved an accuracy of 92%, with Random Forest demonstrating improved classification and feature importance analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results indicate that eyes with refractive amblyopia have notably thicker retinal and choroidal layers, particularly in the central and nasal regions. Combining OCTA data with machine learning creates a strong diagnostic framework for detecting changes in the retina and choroid associated with refractive amblyopia. Utilizing sophisticated classification methods, like Random Forest and cross-validation, improves diagnostic precision and presents new possibilities for automated clinical evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":"18 3","pages":"Article 100555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor: Prevalence of astigmatism among 99,515 children in different areas of Xi'an City, China","authors":"Aleksandra Opala,&nbsp;Łukasz Kołodziejski,&nbsp;Iwona Grabska-Liberek","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2025.100548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optom.2025.100548","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":"18 2","pages":"Article 100548"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative visual outcomes with lenticule extraction in high myopia: a pilot study","authors":"Kishore Raj Pradhan ,&nbsp;Samuel Arba Mosquera","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2025.100553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optom.2025.100553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the postoperative visual outcomes from day 1 to 1-year postoperative follow-ups after lenticule extraction in high myopia above −10D</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective review identified 49 eyes treated with the SCHWIND ATOS using lenticule extraction for high myopia above −10D, with at least 6 months of follow-up. Standard visual and refractive outcomes, as well as astigmatism outcomes, were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At the last follow-up, 73 % of the eyes achieved uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of 20/25 or better. Additionally, 88 % of the eyes had postoperative UDVA within 1 line of preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), with only 6 % of eyes losing 2 lines of CDVA. The postoperative spherical equivalent (−0.07±0.55D) was within 0.75D in 92 % of the cases, demonstrating excellent stability from 1-week to 1-year postoperative follow-ups (with only 10 % eyes changing by 0.5D of defocus). Postoperative refractive astigmatism (0.10±0.20D) was highly accurate, with 96 % of the cases within 0.5D and 93 % within 5 degrees of the attempted axis. The astigmatic correction index (1.02±0.28) showed 76 % of the cases within 10 % deviation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this pilot cohort, lenticule extraction using SCHWIND ATOS for high myopia above −10D is safe and effective. The procedure shows stability from 1-week to 1-year postoperative follow-ups and suggests accurate and precise corrections for both defocus and astigmatism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":"18 2","pages":"Article 100553"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to comment on: “Mean cycloplegic refractive error in emmetropic adults: The Tehran eye study”","authors":"Jos J. Rozema ,&nbsp;Rafael Iribarren","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2025.100550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optom.2025.100550","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":"18 2","pages":"Article 100550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into burnout among optometrists in the United States: findings from a nationwide survey","authors":"Kaleb Abbott ,&nbsp;Emily Auer ,&nbsp;Neda Gioia ,&nbsp;Karen DeLoss ,&nbsp;Leonard Seibold ,&nbsp;Jennifer Patnaik","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2025.100552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optom.2025.100552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To determine the prevalence of burnout among optometrists in the United States and identify associated demographic and clinical factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A survey was distributed to optometrists via email listservs from the American Academy of Optometry and optometric societies. Participants completed a modified Mini Z Survey with 10 questions rated on Likert scale, followed by demographic questions. Burnout was classified as mild, moderate, or severe, with subgroup comparisons made using multinomial logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>1436 optometrists responded. 53.6 % of respondents reported symptoms of burnout: 61.4 % mild, 30.4 % moderate, and 8.2 % severe. Females reported higher burnout rates than males (60.9 % vs. 40.6 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). Optometrists with a spouse/partner in healthcare reported lower burnout (47.7 %) compared to those without (55.3 %, <em>p</em> = 0.0035). Respondents with children reported less burnout (49.6 % vs. 61.0 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). Burnout was less prevalent among those practicing &lt;5 years (51.1 %) and 30+ years (33.7 %) compared to mid-career (5–29 years). Average number of clinic days was associated with burnout severity. Electronic health record (EHR) use was associated with higher rates of burnout (<em>p</em> = 0.0040). Respondents in private practice and academic settings reported the lowest burnout rates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Burnout is a significant concern among U.S. optometrists, with female optometrists disproportionately affected. Protective factors include male gender, having children, both shorter and longer commutes, and specific work settings. Risk factors include female gender, increased clinic days, higher patient volume, and EHR use. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies of burnout, intervention-based studies to evaluate mitigation strategies, and qualitative research to explore gender differences and work-related stressors in optometry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":"18 2","pages":"Article 100552"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel large diameter rigid gas-permeable corneal contact lens design for keratoconus","authors":"Manel Larrosa,&nbsp;Núria Lupón,&nbsp;Joan Gispets,&nbsp;Genis Cardona","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2025.100547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optom.2025.100547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To assess the fitting process and clinical feasibility of a novel large diameter rigid gas-permeable (RGP) corneal contact lens (CL) presenting regular or reverse geometry for managing keratoconus (KC). The lens was designed to rest on the peripheral cornea and vault over the cone, aiming to enhance visual quality, comfort, and corneal physiology.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>32 KC patients across all severity stages, including central, paracentral and peripheral cones enrolled. Lens parameters were customized from corneal measurements obtained via Oculus Pentacam HR tomography, mainly based on sagittal height and accounting for adequate tear film clearance. Visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), ocular complications, and user satisfaction were evaluated at baseline, and at one week and three months of lens wear.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-four patients (41 eyes) were fitted and completed the 3-month follow-up (median age of 28.5 years, 9 females). A median of 2 trial lenses per eye (interquartile range of 4.5) were needed during the fitting process. Significant improvements in median VA (baseline: 0.32 logMAR; three months: 0.01 logMAR; <em>p</em> = 0.002) and CS (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001 at all frequencies) were observed compared to baseline values. Ocular complications remained below clinical significance, with superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis showing significant reduction over time (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Patient satisfaction was high, with a median daily lens wear of 9.5 h. Most users (79.2%) reported consistent comfort with their CLs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The novel large diameter RGP corneal CL demonstrated comparable efficacy to existing RGP CL designs, offering high levels of comfort and improved vision with minimal ocular complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":"18 2","pages":"Article 100547"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of binocular summation ratio before and after vision training in patients with intermittent exotropia: A pilot prospective cohort study","authors":"Masoud Rostami ,&nbsp;Mohammad Yaser Kiarudi ,&nbsp;Mehdi Sharifi ,&nbsp;Samira Hassanzadeh ,&nbsp;Kasra Jafari","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2025.100542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optom.2025.100542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To investigate the binocular summation ratio (BSR) in intermittent exotropia (IXT) before and after vision training under varying light conditions, and to evaluate its association with the control of deviation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty IXT patients were included in the study. Patients were divided into three groups based on their control of deviation: poor, fair, and good control. Contrast sensitivity was assessed using the CSV1000-HGT chart at four spatial frequencies, evaluated both monocularly and binocularly from a distance of 2.5 meters. This evaluation occurred under both photopic and mesopic lighting conditions, with and without glare. Additionally, the BSR for each patient was calculated before and after the vision training process.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mesopic BSR under glare-free conditions demonstrated a significant increase following vision training. In the presence of glare, the mesopic BSR significantly increased across all spatial frequencies: 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles/degree. Additionally, after vision training, the photopic BSR in glare-free conditions also showed an increase at all frequencies. However, under glare conditions, the photopic BSR only increased at the frequencies of 3, 12, and 18 cycles/degree, but this increase was not statistically significant. A significant increase in the BSR was observed only at the frequency of 6 cycles/degree. Furthermore, following vision training, the degree of control over deviation improved significantly.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The BSR and deviation control scores in patients diagnosed with IXT demonstrated significant improvement following vision training, underscoring the efficacy of this treatment method in the management of IXT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":"18 2","pages":"Article 100542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning-based segmentation of OCT images for choroidal thickness","authors":"Raman Prasad Sah,&nbsp;Nimesh B. Patel,&nbsp;Hope M. Queener,&nbsp;Pavan K. Narra,&nbsp;Lisa A. Ostrin","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2025.100556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optom.2025.100556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To develop and validate a custom deep learning-based automated segmentation for choroidal thickness of optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An in-house automated algorithm was trained on a Deeplabv3+ network, based on ResNet50, using a training set of 10,798 manually segmented OCT scans (accuracy 99.25% and loss 0.0229). A test set of 130 unique scans was segmented using manual and in-house automated methods. For manual segmentation, the choroid-sclera border was delineated by the user. For in-house automated segmentation, all borders were automatically detected by the program and manually inspected. Bland-Altman analysis, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Deming regression compared the central 1-mm diameter and 3-mm and 6-mm annuli for the two methods. The in-house method was also compared with an open-source algorithm for the test set of 130 scans.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean choroidal thicknesses obtained with manual and in-house automated methods were not significantly different for the three regions (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05 for all). The fixed bias between methods ranged from -2.41 to 3.49 µm. Proportional bias ranged from -0.04 to -0.12 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05 for all). The two methods demonstrated excellent agreement across regions (ICC: 0.96 to 0.98, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001 for all). The open-source automated method consistently resulted in thinner choroidal thickness compared to manual and in-house automated methods.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Custom in-house deep learning automated choroid segmentation demonstrated excellent agreement and strong positive linear relationship with manual segmentation. The automated approach holds distinct advantages for estimating choroidal thickness, being more objective and efficient than the manual approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":"18 2","pages":"Article 100556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}