Journal of Optometry最新文献_第10页

The prevalence of refractive errors in college students in Israel 以色列大学生屈光不正的发生率

IF 2.3

Journal of Optometry Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2021.09.001

Einat Shneor , Ravid Doron , Lisa A Ostrin , Ariela Gordon-Shaag

{"title":"The prevalence of refractive errors in college students in Israel","authors":"Einat Shneor , Ravid Doron , Lisa A Ostrin , Ariela Gordon-Shaag","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2021.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optom.2021.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To determine the prevalence of refractive errors in Jewish and Arab college students in Israel and associations with ethnicity and sex.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this retrospective cross-sectional study, first-year college students underwent non-cycloplegic autorefraction and answered a questionnaire to assess age, sex, and self-identified ethnicity. Spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) was calculated, and the prevalence of hyperopia (>+0.50 Diopter, D), emmetropia (>-0.50 to +0.50 D), myopia (≤-0.50D, low ≤-0.50 to >-3.0D, moderate <-3.0 to >-6.0D, high ≤-6.0D), and astigmatism (>0.50D) were determined. Groups were compared using Chi-square or Fisher test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with refractive errors.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Participants (<em>n</em> = 807) had a mean age of 22.1 ± 2.6 years (range: 17–30 years) and SER of -1.7 ± 2.2D (range: -13.3 to +5.7D). The prevalence and 95% confidence internal of myopia was 66.3% (63.0–69.6). Jewish students had a higher prevalence than Arab students for myopia (69.2% vs 60.3%), moderate (18.5% vs 12.2%) and high myopia (5.9% vs 1.9%) and astigmatism (51.4% vs 43.9%, <em>p</em><0.05 for all), but not low myopia or hyperopia. Females had a higher prevalence of myopia than males (68.1% vs 58.7%, <em>p</em><0.03). Jewish ethnicity was associated with myopia (OR=1.48, <em>p</em> = 0.01) and moderate myopia (OR=1.72, <em>p</em> = 0.01), and studying optometry was associated with moderate myopia (OR=1.63, <em>p</em> = 0.02). Sex and age were not associated with myopia.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Myopia prevalence in Israeli college students is high, showing associations with Jewish, but not Arab, ethnicity, suggesting that ethnic factors may play a role in the refractive differences between Arabs and Jews.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":"15 4","pages":"Pages 284-292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/17/c4/main.PMC9537245.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39774388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Role of reading medium and audio distractors on visual search 阅读媒介和音频干扰在视觉搜索中的作用

IF 2.3

Journal of Optometry Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2021.12.004

Aiswaryah Radhakrishnan , Mohan Balakrishnan , Soumyasmita Behera , Roshini Raghunandhan

{"title":"Role of reading medium and audio distractors on visual search","authors":"Aiswaryah Radhakrishnan , Mohan Balakrishnan , Soumyasmita Behera , Roshini Raghunandhan","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2021.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optom.2021.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Visual search is an active perceptual task influenced by objective factors and subjective factors such as task difficulty, distractors, attention and familiarity respectively. We studied the effect of different search directions, task medium and presence or absence of audio distractors on visual search time in young normal subjects</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty-four young (19–27 years) subjects with normal ocular health (except refractive error) participated in the study after obtaining informed consent. Subjects performed a word search task of ten 7-letter words of medium difficulty level. It was performed by each subject in Up-down, Down-Up, Left-Right, Right-Left, Diagonal and Random directions, with equal number of distractors. The task was performed in paper and digital medium, with or without audio distractors. The conditions were performed in random order by each subject and the time taken to accurately complete the word search was documented for each condition.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>The visual search time (VST) was significantly different with different search directions (ANOVA <em>p</em><0.0001, df=5), considering both digital and non-digital medium, with or without audio distractors. The average VST was the least for left-right search direction (100±7.2 s) and was highest for random search direction (291±19 s), on a digital medium (VST<sub>digital</sub>: 183±77 s) and in presence of an audio distractor (VST<sub>audio</sub>: 184±77 s). The VST scores were not correlated with the age (<em>r</em>=-0.14, <em>p</em> = 0.25).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The visual search time is significantly delayed for search direction other than left-right direction and in presence of an audio distractor on a digital medium. These factors could play a significant role in visual orientation and specific tasks such as reading.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":"15 4","pages":"Pages 299-304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/dd/7d/main.PMC9537263.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40568086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Accommodative and binocular vision dysfunctions in a Portuguese clinical population 葡萄牙临床人群的适应性和双眼视力障碍

IF 2.3

Journal of Optometry Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2021.10.002

Sandra Franco , Alexandra Moreira , Ana Fernandes , António Baptista

{"title":"Accommodative and binocular vision dysfunctions in a Portuguese clinical population","authors":"Sandra Franco , Alexandra Moreira , Ana Fernandes , António Baptista","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2021.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optom.2021.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Several studies have suggested that accommodative and non-strabismic binocular dysfunctions are commonly encountered in optometric practice. This study aims to verify whether these findings apply to a Portuguese clinical population.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study included consecutive nonpresbyopic subjects that came to two Portuguese optometric clinics over a period of six months. A complete visual exam was conducted and included the measurement of visual acuity (VA), refraction, near point of convergence (NPC), distance and near phoria, near and distance fusional vergences, amplitude of accommodation (AA), monocular accommodative facility (MAF), relative accommodation and lag of accommodation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>156 subjects with a mean age of 24.9 ± 5.3 years (from 18 to 35 years old) participated in the study. Of all subjects, 32 % presented binocular vision and/or accommodative disorders accompanied or not by refractive errors. Moreover, 21.1 % had accommodative disorders, and 10.9 % had a binocular vision dysfunction. Accommodative insufficiency (11.5 %) was the most prevalent disorder, followed by convergence insufficiency (7.1 %) and accommodative infacility (5. 8 %).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Clinicians should be aware that about one third of the optometric clinical population could have accommodative and/or non-strabismic binocular disorders. Accommodative insufficiency was the most prevalent dysfunction presented in the studied population, followed by accommodative infacility and convergence insufficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":"15 4","pages":"Pages 271-277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b9/65/main.PMC9537267.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39683764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Extent of foveal fixation with eye rotation in emmetropes and myopes 近视眼和近视眼旋转时中央凹固定的程度

IF 2.3

Journal of Optometry Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2021.12.001

Haseena Abdullah , Pavan Kumar Verkicharla , Shonraj Ballae Ganeshrao

{"title":"Extent of foveal fixation with eye rotation in emmetropes and myopes","authors":"Haseena Abdullah , Pavan Kumar Verkicharla , Shonraj Ballae Ganeshrao","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2021.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optom.2021.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This pilot study aimed to investigate the maximum extension of foveal fixation in the horizontal direction among young adults in both emmetropes and myopes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>35 participants (28 emmetropes and 7 myopes) were included. Participants with restricted extra-ocular mobility, end gaze nystagmus, and/or any other ocular pathology were excluded. Visual acuity (VA) was used as a surrogate measure of foveal fixation. VA was determined using a staircase procedure with 8 reversals. The average of the last 5 reversals was taken as the thresholds. VA acuity was measured at different gaze eccentricities along nasal and temporal visual field meridian. The eccentricity at which VA drops significantly was taken as the maximum extent of foveal fixation. A bilinear fit regression model was used to investigate the drop in the VA in both nasal and the temporal direction.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Emmetropes can foveate up to 35 ± 2° in nasal and 40 ± 3° in temporal direction and myopes can foveate up to 38° in both nasal and temporal directions. Paired student <em>t</em>-test showed a significant difference in foveal fixation between nasal and temporal direction for emmetropes (<em>P</em><0.001) but not in myopes (<em>P</em> = 0.168). An unpaired student <em>t</em>-test showed a significant difference in foveal fixation for nasal direction between myopes and emmetropes (<em>P</em> = 0.01). However, no statistically significant difference was found in foveal fixation for temporal direction between myopes and emmetropes (<em>P</em> = 0.792).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The eye rotation does not necessarily match with the extent of foveal fixation at extreme eye rotation. Eyes can fixate only up to 35° nasally and 40° temporally maintaing their maximum visual acuity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":"15 4","pages":"Pages 293-298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ea/95/main.PMC9537265.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39761737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The need for research for the development of orthoptic visual rehabilitation 研究发展矫正视力康复的必要性

IF 2.3

Journal of Optometry Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2022.09.003

Rafael J. Pérez-Cambrodí

引用次数: 0

Prevalence of convergence insufficiency among Spanish school children aged 6 to 14 years 西班牙6至14岁学龄儿童收敛性不全的患病率

IF 2.3

Journal of Optometry Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2021.11.004

Sánchez-Cuadrado Carla , Bueno-Fernández Sara , Cárdenas-Rebollo JM , Palomo-Álvarez Catalina

{"title":"Prevalence of convergence insufficiency among Spanish school children aged 6 to 14 years","authors":"Sánchez-Cuadrado Carla , Bueno-Fernández Sara , Cárdenas-Rebollo JM , Palomo-Álvarez Catalina","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2021.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optom.2021.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Clinical relevance</h3><p>Convergence insufficiency (CI) at an early age can lead to learning difficulties affecting school performance. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of CI in a non-clinical population of Spanish children using well defined clinical criteria and to determine whether sex is a risk factor.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Visual acuity and binocular vision tests were performed in 628 children aged 6–14 years (mean age 9.6 ± 1.3 years) at three schools in the Madrid Community, Spain. To assess CI prevalence we used CITT (Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial) criteria. The three signs considered were: i) exophoria at least 4<sup>∆</sup> greater at near than at far; ii) near break point of convergence (NPC) ≥ 6 cm; and iii) reduced positive fusional vergence (PFV) at near (≤ 15<sup>∆</sup> base-out break or failed Sheard's criterion).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The CI prevalence detected was 5.30% (33 children). Proportions of children with one or two signs of CI were 23.76% (148 children) and 12.20% (76 children), respectively. No differences in these CI rates by sex were detected.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The clinically significant CI prevalence observed here suggests the need for more binocular vision screening programmes in school settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":"15 4","pages":"Pages 278-283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/85/6b/main.PMC9537273.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39782588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The equations of ametropia: Predicting myopia 屈光不正方程式:预测近视

IF 2.3

Journal of Optometry Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2021.08.001

Francisco Gaya , Antonio Medina

{"title":"The equations of ametropia: Predicting myopia","authors":"Francisco Gaya , Antonio Medina","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2021.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optom.2021.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Why myopia develops, why it is reaching epidemic proportions and what is its cause are questions that puzzle many people. There is an answer to these questions and it is a simple one. This paper makes the connection between ametropic and in particular myopic development and theory to come with a summary of what we know about myopia and its governing equation.</p><p>Key experiments, involving myopia and the effect of lenses in humans and animals have been done with unmistakable results. The observed effect of lenses implies a feedback mechanism. Feedback theory explains those results with mathematical precision. Disruption of emmetropization, is the mechanism behind ametropia and particularly myopia.</p><p>Feedback theory for emmetropization was derived by observation of the input and output of the emmetropization feedback system in many patients. We show that it has the same equation as it is derived here independently from simple homeostasis principles.</p><p>Classical observations and recent clinical studies have shown the association of many variables with myopia. They include near work, atropine, lenses, blur and outdoors versus indoors activities. We propose that human refractive development is controlled by homeostasis and based on that alone we derive the equation for the calculation of refraction for any patient and the effect of lenses.</p><p>We provide software to calculate the refraction of any individual at any time.</p><p>The editor of this journal makes the following statement: “This manuscript is intended for scientific discussion rather than clinical application. The present work does not intend to promote clinical under correction or no correction of myopia. Instead, clinicians should follow current clinical myopia management guidelines.\"</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 238-246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9237633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39480593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Validation of the Spanish version of the Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire 西班牙语版低视力生活质量问卷的验证

IF 2.3

Journal of Optometry Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2021.01.004

Luis Pérez-Mañá , Genis Cardona , Yolanda Pardo-Cladellas , Clara Pérez-Mañá , Jaume Amorós-Martínez , Luis González-Sanchís , James S. Wolffsohn , Alfonso Antón

{"title":"Validation of the Spanish version of the Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire","authors":"Luis Pérez-Mañá , Genis Cardona , Yolanda Pardo-Cladellas , Clara Pérez-Mañá , Jaume Amorós-Martínez , Luis González-Sanchís , James S. Wolffsohn , Alfonso Antón","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2021.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optom.2021.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To validate the Spanish Low Vision Qualify of Life (SLVQOL) questionnaire, a quality of life instrument specifically designed for patients with visual impairment, and evaluate its psychometric properties.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study included 170 visually impaired patients and 195 healthy subjects. Participants were administered the SLVQOL, the NEI VFQ-25, and the EQ 5D-5L questionnaires. Reliability, test–retest reproducibility, feasibility, and construct validity of the SLVQOL were assessed. The Generalized Partial Credit Model was used to fit the data and the performance of each item was characterized using category response curves and item information.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The reliability of the SLVQOL was 0.981 (95% CI: 0.978–0.985). Test–retest reproducibility was good (ρ=0.864, <em>P</em>  <!-->.001). A cut-off point of 105 or 106 was optimal to detect visual impairment, with a sensitivity of 95.4% and a specificity of 91.8%. Construct validity was shown by the corresponding convergence or divergence correlations between the score of the SLVQOL and its dimensions and the overall and partial scores of the NEI VFQ-25 and the EQ 5D-5L. Item response theory analysis showed discrimination and information parameters ranging from 0.539 to 3.063 and from −1.894 to 1.074, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The SLVQOL was able to quantitatively assess and identify differences in the quality of life among patients with visual impairment and normal subjects. The evaluated psychometric properties suggest that this tool has excellent validity, internal consistency, and reproducibility, but may benefit from a reduction of the number of items.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 199-209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.optom.2021.01.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38826751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Estimating the prevalence of heterochromia iridum from high-resolution digital yearbook portraits 从高分辨率数字年鉴肖像中估计虹膜异色症的患病率

IF 2.3

Journal of Optometry Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2021.08.002

Matthew Dabkowski , John Case , Ian Kloo , Julie Pickett

引用次数: 0

Colored filters enhancing visual evoked potential (VEP) response in multiple sclerosis 彩色滤光片增强多发性硬化的视觉诱发电位(VEP)反应

IF 2.3

Journal of Optometry Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2021.09.005

Naveen K. Yadav MS, Ph. D., FAAO, Valerie L. Quan OD, FAAO

引用次数: 1