Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health最新文献

{"title":"Identification of predictors responsible for neonatal sepsis and development of a diagnostic model","authors":"Shravya S. ,&nbsp;Krishnakumar Athavil ,&nbsp;Leslie Edward S. Lewis ,&nbsp;Sreedharan N. ,&nbsp;Vijayanarayana Kunhikatta","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neonatal sepsis must be diagnosed and treated earliest to avoid potential consequences. we aimed to develop a diagnostic model by identifying the risk factors responsible for neonatal sepsis and comparing the diagnostic values of C-reactive protein (CRP), Procalcitonin (PCT), and platelets.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a single-centre case-control study for five years on 300 neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The study included neonates diagnosed with sepsis as the “case” and those without sepsis as the “control” group. Data regarding clinical and demographic characteristics were collected retrospectively from medical records. The risk factors responsible for neonatal sepsis were identified using logistic regression, and the diagnostic performance of biomarkers CRP, PCT and platelets were compared by determining their sensitivity, specificity and the AUC of the ROC curve. Subsequently, the diagnostic model for neonatal sepsis was brought about using the identified risk factors and values of CRP, PCT and platelets.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CRP was the biomarker studied with the highest sensitivity (65.32 %) and specificity (85.37 %) among CRP, PCT and platelets. The highest AUC value (0.811) on ROC curve analysis was also exhibited by CRP. Additionally, the independent risk factors identified for the development of neonatal sepsis were the bodyweight category, gestational age category, and CRP levels (<em>p &lt; 0.05)</em> using multivariate logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CRP is the most dependable predictor for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis in the study. Factors like body weight and gestational age contribute to the development of neonatal sepsis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 102074"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological trends and patterns of gastric cancer in the Kashmir Valley, India","authors":"Shaista Mushtaq ,&nbsp;Nisar Ahmad Syed ,&nbsp;G.M. Rather ,&nbsp;Shahid Saleem ,&nbsp;Athar Yousuf Rather ,&nbsp;Shaheena Parveen","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To investigate the incidence, demographic characteristics, and distribution of stomach cancer across the Kashmir Valley, with a focus on regional variations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study employed a combination of hotspot analysis, spatial clustering, and trend analysis to examine stomach cancer incidence data from 2014 to 2023 across districts in the Kashmir Valley. Data were collected from hospital records, cancer registries, and health databases, encompassing a total of 5554 cases. The study analyzed regional variations in stomach cancer incidence and demographic factors. Hotspot analysis was conducted to identify high-risk areas, while clustering techniques were applied to detect spatial patterns in disease distribution. Trend analysis was performed to assess the changes in stomach cancer cases over the study period.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analysis revealed a significant increase in stomach cancer incidence across all districts of the Kashmir Valley, with the highest rates observed in South Kashmir. Hotspot analysis identified areas with a high concentration of cases in urban areas, particularly in districts such as Anantnag, Pulwama, and Srinagar. Clustering methods highlighted specific regions with persistent high incidence. Trend analysis indicated a steady rise in cases, with a notable peak in 2023. The majority of cases were male, with the highest incidence observed in individuals aged 60–79 years.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Stomach cancer incidence in the Kashmir Valley is on the rise, with significant regional variations identified through spatial analysis. The use of hotspot and clustering methods has provided valuable insights into high-risk areas, highlighting the need for targeted public health interventions. Further research into local environmental, dietary, and genetic factors is essential to better understand the increasing burden of stomach cancer in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 102057"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between dengue and pediatric AUF: A study from Chennai and kochi, south India","authors":"Sara Chandy ,&nbsp;Divya Narayanan ,&nbsp;Anand Manoharan ,&nbsp;Vignesh Moorthy ,&nbsp;Gowridevi Vankayala ,&nbsp;Hemalatha Ramachandran ,&nbsp;Rohitha Chandra","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Acute Undifferentiated Fever (AUF) is a common clinical presentation at hospitals in tropical and subtropical countries. Both children and adults present with this clinical condition which is difficult to diagnose clinically and has infectious and non-infectious causes. Early and accurate diagnosis of AUF requires good diagnostic tools. Dengue remains the most common infectious cause of AUF in India, followed by scrub typhus. All the four dengue serotypes (DEN1, DEN2, DEN3 and DEN4) cause disease in children and adults with clinical presentation ranging from febrile illness to severe dengue manifested as shock and multi-organ failure.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study, done in South India, explores the dengue burden in AUF cases, dominant serotypes, and their clinical manifestations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our study indicates that from 2022 to 2023, DEN2 remained the most common circulating serotype closely followed by DEN3. DEN3 is emerging fast and likely to become the most predominant serotype in Chennai.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Multiplex real time PCR is currently accepted as an affordable and sensitive tool for diagnosis of infectious causes of AUF. Serotype surveillance is important for controlling outbreaks and for clinical management of pediatric patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 102063"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors for asthma among adults in Tanzania","authors":"Mwanga Hussein Hassan ,&nbsp;Mamuya Simon Henry David ,&nbsp;Moen Bente Elisabeth ,&nbsp;Svanes Cecilie","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Limited information exists on the magnitude of asthma and associated factors in Africa. In Tanzania, very few studies have conducted epidemiological investigation of adult asthma. This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors for asthma in Tanzania.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study of 968 adults was conducted. An interviewer-administered European Community Respiratory Health Survey questionnaire was used. Current asthma was defined as having had an asthma attack, current use of asthma medication or being woken up by an attack of shortness of breath, in the past 12 months. Asthma outcomes were analysed using multivariate regression models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median age was 43 years and 50 % were females. The prevalence of current asthma was 10 %, while 4 % reported doctor-diagnosed asthma and 10 % reported ≥2 asthma symptoms. The prevalence of hay fever was 10 %, and 9 % reported family history of allergy. Risk factors associated with ≥2 asthma symptoms included hay fever (OR = 4.94; 95 %CI: 2.85–8.58), eczema (3.28; 1.51–7.11), family history of allergy (2.34; 1.23–4.47), repeated childhood chest infections (7.98; 3.70–17.24), having no food to eat (3.83; 1.86–7.87) and exposure to biomass fuels-use of wood for cooking/heating (6.52; 3.16–13.48). Nonallergic current asthma was strongly associated with low socioeconomic status (5.66; 1.16–27.71).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Asthma was relatively common with a prevalence of 10 %. Limited food availability, exposure to biomass fuels, allergy and childhood respiratory infections, were identified as important risk factors for asthma. These findings underscore the need to identify the specific aspects of low socioeconomic status that can be targeted to reduce the asthma risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 102065"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco Troubles: Unraveling Tobacco's role in TB positivity among presumptive patients attending a taluka hospital in Karnataka, India","authors":"Ankeeta Menona Jacob ,&nbsp;Jeni Jacob ,&nbsp;Avinash K. Shetty","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tobacco dependence among patients with Tuberculosis (TB)(confirmed through microbiological tests) can have detrimental effects on treatment outcomes and immune responses. The study is aimed at assessing the prevalence of self-reported tobacco use and dependence cases among presumptive and microbiologically tested and confirmed patients with Tuberculosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Government Taluk Hospital, Karkala, Karnataka, from November 2022 to December 2022, on 292 people presumed to have TB. Data was collected using a pre-structured questionnaire including key questions from the WHO tobacco questionnaire, Global Adult Tobacco Survey, and Fagerstrom's test for Nicotine dependence on smoked and non-smoked tobacco. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 29.0<strong>.</strong></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 292 presumptive TB patients, 63 patients (21.5 %) confirmed tobacco use of which 17(5.8 %) only smoked tobacco, 44(15.1 %) used smokeless tobacco, and 2(0.7 %) used both forms of tobacco. Of the 292 presumptive patients with TB tested, 31(10.6 %) patients were microbiologically confirmed to have TB. Varying degrees of nicotine dependence were noted in 2(100 %) tobacco-smoking patients and 3(66.7 %) smokeless tobacco users; and 1 (100 %) using both had significant nicotine dependence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Nearly one-fourth of the study population had self-reported tobacco consumption. Significant dependence on tobacco was found among patients where TB was microbiologically confirmed<strong>.</strong></div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 102059"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of community-based health insurance on the use of health service and perceived quality of care in Bacho Woreda, central Ethiopia: A mixed method study","authors":"Chala Damena Heyi ,&nbsp;Anagaw Derseh (Dr) ,&nbsp;Berhan Tassew (Ms)","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102055","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ethiopia has made a significant contribution towards Community Based Health Insurance (CBHI). However, evidence on the effect, use, and perceived quality of CBHI in the study area was scanty. Hence, this study aimed to assess the effects of a community-based health insurance scheme on the utilization of outpatient care, to assess factors affecting enrollment in the CBHI scheme, and explore the perception of the enrollee on the quality of care they received in Bacho Woreda, South West Shoa, Ethiopia.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A facility-based Mixed method was conducted in Bacho District, central Ethiopia from December 2021 to May 30/2022. Quantitative data was collected using a structured questionnaire among a randomly selected sample of 386 (126 member and 240 non-members) household heads. While, qualitative information was gathered using focus group discussions among purposively selected CBHI members to complement the findings from the household survey. A logistic regression model was used to assess factors affecting enrollment in the CBHI scheme and to assess the effect of CBHI on outpatient service utilization. A bi-variable analysis of explanatory variables, including CBH scheme membership status, with the outcome variable of the study was computed. Then, all the independent variables that were significant in the bi variable analysis were taken for multiple logistic analysis. The qualitative data was summarized and presented concurrently alongside the quantitative data by using the thematic analysis technique.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Result&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A total of 386 respondents with a response rate of 95.3 %. The majority 219(56.7 %) of the study participants's’ age range from 18 to 35 years with a mean of 36.096 + 13.51796(33). Around half 191(49.5 %) of the study participants were farmers. The result revealed that there is a significant association between CBI participation and outpatient service utilization (AOR; 4.207, 95 % CI; 2.112, 8.380). In addition to this marital status of never married is significantly associated with OPD service utilization (AOR; 0.097, 95 % CI; 0.010, 0.970). The satisfaction of respondent with the service they received during their visit was also assessed and 60 (47.6 %) and 48(38.1 %) was very satisfied with the overall quality of service and availability of drug/medical supplies, respectively. 49(38.9 %) and 50(39.7 %) of respondents were satisfied with the availability of diagnostics and the cleanliness of the facility.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Members of CBHI were highly utilized in their health care and more likely to attend health care providers even for simple sickness. The perception of the respondents regarding improvement in service quality after the facility had been contracted by the CBHI scheme there was improvement in overall quality of service. Regarding to factor affects the incidence of participation in CBHI scheme has been assessed and it re","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 102055"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception and predictors of antenatal services utilization by left-behind wives of marginal solo outmigrants-empirical evidence from India","authors":"Fahad Afzal ,&nbsp;Arindam Das ,&nbsp;Rupinder Sahota","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although antenatal care (ANC) services are offered free of charge at public healthcare facilities in India, Bihar state has a low ANC utilization rate due to service quality gaps. This study examines these gaps from the perspective of Left-Behind Wives (LBWs) residing in urban low socioeconomic environments in the absence of husbands. The research also aims to identify the predictors for efficient use of ANC services at government health centres and the effect of source of information on perception towards ANC services.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey was carried out to capture responses from 165 respondents residing in low socioeconomic regions of two administrative blocks of the Patna district of India. Effective utilization was measured as a binary variable, based on antenatal check-ups, iron-folic acid consumption, institutional delivery, and tetanus vaccination. Regression analysis was used to assess the predictors of utilization of ANC services. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the effect of source of information on perception towards ANC services.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The most significant aspect that predicts the efficient use of ANC services at government health centres was ‘human resource’ (AOR = 3.35, R² = 0.80), followed by ‘counselling service’ (AOR = 2.41) and ‘infrastructure and equipment condition’ (AOR = 1.76). There was no significant effect of source of information on perception (p &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study reveals reasons for underutilization, perception, and opportunities related to ANC services at government centres. It also provides vital insights for policymakers for the development of maternal healthcare in underperforming states of India, ultimately contributing to the health empowerment of LBWs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 102062"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the relationships of Metabolic Syndrome with sociodemographic factors, weight status, dietary and lifestyle behaviors in Moroccan adults","authors":"Daoud Daoudi ,&nbsp;Abderrahmane Moufid ,&nbsp;Nouriya Elghoulam ,&nbsp;Aichetou Bouh ,&nbsp;Khalid El Kari ,&nbsp;Baha Rabi ,&nbsp;Houda El Hsaini ,&nbsp;Souad Benaich ,&nbsp;Saber Boutayeb ,&nbsp;Hassan Aguenaou ,&nbsp;Slimane Mehdad","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><div>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and other health complications. Its prevalence is rising globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of MetS and identify its associated risk factors among adults from the Fez-Meknes and Beni Mellal-Khenifra regions of Morocco.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used data from the 2017 Morocco STEPS survey on risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Data collection was based on the WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS). A total of 1048 adults aged ≥18 years were included in our analysis. MetS was classified using the International Diabetes Federation criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of MetS was 39.5 %. Men, residents of the Beni Mellal-Khenifra region, individuals under 31 years of age, and those with primary education or more had significantly lower odds of MetS than women, residents of the Fes-Meknes region, and individuals aged 31 years or older, respectively. Overweight/obese individuals and low consumers of fruit/vegetables were significantly more likely to have MetS compared to non-overweight peers and consumers of recommended amounts of fruits/vegetables (AOR = 17.8, 95 %CI: 10.7–29.5, and AOR = 1.48, 95 %CI: 1.07–2.04, respectively). Moreover, current smokers and alcohol drinkers had a lower likelihood of MetS than never-smokers and non-drinkers, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The high prevalence of MetS among Moroccan adults highlights its public health significance. Female sex, older age, lower education, overweight/obesity, and insufficient fruit/vegetable intake were key predictors. Region-specific strategies are urgently needed to prevent and manage MetS, focusing on vulnerable populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 102058"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Awareness on rights of older adults, attitudes and perception toward ageism among college students in coastal Karnataka: A cross-sectional study\"","authors":"Angel Thomas ,&nbsp;Charlet Jasmine Vaz ,&nbsp;Anil Raj Assariparambil","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Ageism is a phenomenon occurring rapidly worldwide and has led stakeholders to consider strategies that can be planned for the welfare of elderly individuals. Policymakers, healthcare sector leaders, and leaders must take rapid steps to improve elderly care because of the predicted increase in the elderly population. For that reason, the first is always the baseline assessment of the scenario at hand; hence, the present study intends to assess the level of awareness among the young generation regarding the rights of the elderly and their attitudes and perceptions towards ageism.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 700 students. Jamovi version 2.3 was used to analyse the data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study results revealed that college students’ level of awareness of the rights of the elderly was poor (10.5 ± 2.688), yet they had positive attitudes (73.64 ± 8.315) and favourable perceptions (56.31 ± 6.914) toward ageism. The study revealed a weak negative correlation between awareness of the rights of elderly people and attitudes toward ageism (<em>r = -0.178, p=0.01</em>) and perception toward ageism (<em>r = -0.108, p=0.01</em>).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Even though awareness of the rights of the elderly was poor among college students, their attitudes and perceptions towards ageism were positive and favourable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 102060"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of bone mineral density using quantitative computed tomography to establish a local population reference standard and comparison with existing osteoporosis Standards: Insights from south India","authors":"Hemanth Kumar Deevi ,&nbsp;Sanjay Kini B ,&nbsp;Manjula A ,&nbsp;Prakashini Koteshwara","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Early identification of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and providing appropriate measures depending on BMD values, lead to early prevention and treatment of osteoporosis-related complications effectively. Quantification of osteoporosis can also be done by quantitative computed tomography (qCT). The present study was conducted to derive a reference standard BMD using phantomless qCT software for our local population of South India.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among patients &gt;20 years of age who were undergoing a CT study which included T12, L1 &amp; L2 vertebrae and were free of obvious bone pathology. The axial CT series was used to calculate the BMD. Using the average BMD, we obtained from the patients in the age group of 20–39 years, an average and a standard deviation were calculated. Later we recalculated the T scores for patients across all age groups using cross-tabulations to identify how many people were under the osteoporosis group in each of the standards [US standards ie; the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) standards, World Health Organization (WHO) standards and locally derived standards).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean BMD for the age group of 20–39 years were obtained for both males and females as 149.4 mg/cc² and 152.5 mg/cc² respectively. Based on the bone attenuation in CT we found that attenuation &gt;120 Hounsfield units (HU) did not have any osteoporosis and attenuation &gt;200 HU did not have any osteopenia according to our reference standards. Similarly, when we considered the values of UCSF standards we found that attenuation &gt;180 HU did not have any osteoporosis and attenuation &gt;240 HU did not have any osteopenia whereas according to WHO standards attenuation &gt;130 HU did not have any osteoporosis and attenuation &gt;210 HU did not have any osteopenia.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Given the enormous patient volume of body CT scanning currently performed in older adults for a wide variety of clinical indications, this represents a unique opportunity to expand osteoporosis screening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 102030"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}