Emerging Topics in Life Sciences最新文献_第2页

Dinner date: Neisseria gonorrhoeae central carbon metabolism and pathogenesis. 晚餐日期:淋病奈瑟菌中心碳代谢及发病机制。

IF 3.3

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20220111

Aimee D Potter, Alison K Criss

{"title":"Dinner date: Neisseria gonorrhoeae central carbon metabolism and pathogenesis.","authors":"Aimee D Potter, Alison K Criss","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20220111","DOIUrl":"10.1042/ETLS20220111","url":null,"abstract":"Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea, is a human-adapted pathogen that does not productively infect other organisms. The ongoing relationship between N. gonorrhoeae and the human host is facilitated by the exchange of nutrient resources that allow for N. gonorrhoeae growth in the human genital tract. What N. gonorrhoeae 'eats' and the pathways used to consume these nutrients have been a topic of investigation over the last 50 years. More recent investigations are uncovering the impact of N. gonorrhoeae metabolism on infection and inflammatory responses, the environmental influences driving N. gonorrhoeae metabolism, and the metabolic adaptations enabling antimicrobial resistance. This mini-review is an introduction to the field of N. gonorrhoeae central carbon metabolism in the context of pathogenesis. It summarizes the foundational work used to characterize N. gonorrhoeae central metabolic pathways and the effects of these pathways on disease outcomes, and highlights some of the most recent advances and themes under current investigation. This review ends with a brief description of the current outlook and technologies under development to increase understanding of how the pathogenic potential of N. gonorrhoeae is enabled by metabolic adaptation.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"15-28"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10625648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9889540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resisting death by metal: metabolism and Cu/Zn homeostasis in bacteria. 抵御金属带来的死亡：细菌的新陈代谢和铜/锌平衡。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20230115

Matthew J Sullivan, Ignacio Terán, Kelvin G K Goh, Glen C Ulett

引用次数: 0

Sleep and cardiovascular disease. 睡眠与心血管疾病

IF 3.3

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20230111

Michelle A Miller, Nathan E Howarth

{"title":"Sleep and cardiovascular disease.","authors":"Michelle A Miller, Nathan E Howarth","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20230111","DOIUrl":"10.1042/ETLS20230111","url":null,"abstract":"This review centres around the recent evidence in examining the intersection of sleep and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Sleep in this review will be further subdivided to consider both sleep quantity and quality along and will also consider some of the more common sleep disorders, such as insomnia and obstructive sleep apnoea, in the context of CVD. Sleep disorders have been further explored in several specific populations which are both at risk of sleep disorders and CVD. Secondly, the review will present some of the risk factors for CVD that are affected by sleep and sleep disorders which include hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. It will also examine the potential underlying mechanisms including inflammation, appetite control, endocrine, and genetic processes that are affected by sleep and sleep disorders leading to increased risk of CVD development. In addition, we will consider the observed bi-directional relationships between sleep and cardiovascular risk factors. For example, obesity, a risk factor for CVD can be affected by sleep, but in turn can increase the risk of certain sleep disorder development which disrupts sleep, leading to further risk of obesity development and increased CVD risk. Finally, the review will explore emerging evidence around lifestyle interventions that have included a sleep component and how it impacts the management of CVD risk factor. The need for increased awareness of the health effects of poor sleep and sleep disorders will be discussed alongside the need for policy intervention to improve sleep to facilitate better health and well-being.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"457-466"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10754327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138812145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How do the sleep features that characterise depression impact memory? 抑郁症的睡眠特征如何影响记忆？

IF 3.3

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20230100

Marcus O Harrington, Sarah Reeve, Joanne L Bower, Louis Renoult

引用次数: 0

Sleep and memory consolidation in healthy, neurotypical children, and adults: a summary of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. 健康、神经畸形儿童和成人的睡眠与记忆巩固：系统综述和荟萃分析摘要。

IF 3.3

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20230110

Anna Weighall, Ian Kellar

{"title":"Sleep and memory consolidation in healthy, neurotypical children, and adults: a summary of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.","authors":"Anna Weighall, Ian Kellar","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20230110","DOIUrl":"10.1042/ETLS20230110","url":null,"abstract":"This review systematically assesses the impact of sleep on memory and cognition in healthy individuals across different life stages. It specifically examines how sleep affects memory processes in children, adults, and older adults. The methodology involved a comprehensive literature search, starting with 46 known papers. Keywords and Mesh terms related to sleep and memory consolidation were derived using the Word Frequency Analysis tool in SR Accelerator and Mesh on Demand. A detailed search on PubMed yielded a large set of records. Classifier training on 4854 decisions, these were narrowed down to 1437 papers for full-text screening, culminating in 19 systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Sleep enhances memory consolidation, especially for complex declarative information. While the role of sleep in procedural memory consolidation in children remains less robust compared to declarative memory, findings suggest potential but inconsistent benefits. Sleep improves prospective memory consolidation and aids in complex associative memory tasks. Memory reactivation during sleep, specifically slow-wave sleep, and spindles are implicated in memory consolidation. Meta-analytic evidence suggests that while sleep benefits both emotional and neutral memory consolidation, there is no strong preferential effect of sleep on emotional memory in comparison to neutral memory. In older adults, there is a noticeable reduction in sleep-dependent memory consolidation, particularly for declarative memory, likely linked to a decline in slow-wave sleep. This suggests a decrease in the benefits of sleep for memory consolidation with aging. Overall, the review underscores the importance of sleep in memory processes across all ages, highlighting variations in its impact on different types of memory and across age groups. It points to future research directions for enhancing understanding and practical applications in clinical and educational settings.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":"7 5","pages":"513-524"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome. 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停-低通气综合征。

IF 3.3

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20180939

Nicola Read, Callum Jennings, Alanna Hare

引用次数: 0

The neurocognition of dreaming: key questions and foci. 做梦的神经认知：关键问题和焦点。

IF 3.3

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20230099

Caroline L Horton

{"title":"The neurocognition of dreaming: key questions and foci.","authors":"Caroline L Horton","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20230099","DOIUrl":"10.1042/ETLS20230099","url":null,"abstract":"Until recently, understanding the neurobiology of dreaming has relied upon on correlating a subjective dream report with a measure of brain activity or function sampled from a different occasion. As such, most assumptions about dreaming come from the neuroscience of rapid eye-movement (REM) sleep from which many, but not all, dream reports are recalled. Core features of REM sleep (intense emotional activation, a reduction in activity in most frontal regions, particularly the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, along with increased dopamine, acetylcholine, cholinergic activation) align with typical dream characteristics (characterised by fear, reduced reality monitoring, increased bizarreness and hyperassociativity, respectively). The default mode network offers a way of understanding the nature of dreaming more independently from a REM sleep context, and electroencephalography methods paired with serial awakenings to elicit dream reports demonstrate how high-frequency activity in posterior regions may be associated with dreaming. Nevertheless, all measures of dreaming rely fundamentally on recall processes, so our understanding of dreaming must embrace and address memory's crucial involvement in dream report production.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":"7 5","pages":"477-486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138832219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neural reactivation during human sleep. 人类睡眠时的神经再激活

IF 3.3

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20230109

Dan Denis, Scott A Cairney

引用次数: 0

Interspecies control of development during mammalian gastrulation. 哺乳动物原肠胚形成过程中种间发育的控制。

IF 3.3

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20230083

Luke Simpson, Ramiro Alberio

{"title":"Interspecies control of development during mammalian gastrulation.","authors":"Luke Simpson, Ramiro Alberio","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20230083","DOIUrl":"10.1042/ETLS20230083","url":null,"abstract":"Gastrulation represents a pivotal phase of development and aberrations during this period can have major consequences, from minor anatomical deviations to severe congenital defects. Animal models are used to study gastrulation, however, there is considerable morphological and molecular diversity of gastrula across mammalian species. Here, we provide an overview of the latest research on interspecies developmental control across mammals. This includes single-cell atlases of several mammalian gastrula which have enabled comparisons of the temporal and molecular dynamics of differentiation. These studies highlight conserved cell differentiation regulators and both absolute and relative differences in differentiation dynamics between species. Recent advances in in vitro culture techniques have facilitated the derivation, maintenance and differentiation of cell lines from a range of species and the creation of multi-species models of gastrulation. Gastruloids are three-dimensional aggregates capable of self-organising and recapitulating aspects of gastrulation. Such models enable species comparisons outside the confines of the embryo. We highlight recent in vitro evidence that differentiation processes such as somitogenesis and neuronal maturation scale with known in vivo differences in developmental tempo across species. This scaling is likely due to intrinsic differences in cell biochemistry. We also highlight several studies which provide examples of cell differentiation dynamics being influenced by extrinsic factors, including culture conditions, chimeric co-culture, and xenotransplantation. These collective studies underscore the complexity of gastrulation across species, highlighting the necessity of additional datasets and studies to decipher the intricate balance between intrinsic cellular programs and extrinsic signals in shaping embryogenesis.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"397-408"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10754326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71487249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Signaling mechanisms that direct cell fate specification and morphogenesis in human embryonic stem cells-based models of human gastrulation. 基于人类胚胎干细胞的人类胚胎发育模型中指导细胞命运规范和形态发生的信号机制。

IF 3.3

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20230084

Blerta Stringa, Lilianna Solnica-Krezel

{"title":"Signaling mechanisms that direct cell fate specification and morphogenesis in human embryonic stem cells-based models of human gastrulation.","authors":"Blerta Stringa, Lilianna Solnica-Krezel","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20230084","DOIUrl":"10.1042/ETLS20230084","url":null,"abstract":"During mammalian gastrulation, a mass of pluripotent cells surrounded by extraembryonic tissues differentiates into germ layers, mesoderm, endoderm, and ectoderm. The three germ layers are then organized into a body plan with organ rudiments via morphogenetic gastrulation movements of emboly, epiboly, convergence, and extension. Emboly is the most conserved gastrulation movement, whereby mesodermal and endodermal progenitors undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and move via a blastopore/primitive streak beneath the ectoderm. Decades of embryologic, genetic, and molecular studies in invertebrates and vertebrates, delineated a BMP > WNT > NODAL signaling cascade underlying mesoderm and endoderm specification. Advances have been made in the research animals in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying gastrulation morphogenesis. In contrast, little is known about human gastrulation, which occurs in utero during the third week of gestation and its investigations face ethical and methodological limitations. This is changing with the unprecedented progress in modeling aspects of human development, using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including embryonic stem cells (hESC)-based embryo-like models (SCEMs). In one approach, hESCs of various pluripotency are aggregated to self-assemble into structures that resemble pre-implantation or post-implantation embryo-like structures that progress to early gastrulation, and some even reach segmentation and neurulation stages. Another approach entails coaxing hESCs with biochemical signals to generate germ layers and model aspects of gastrulation morphogenesis, such as EMT. Here, we review the recent advances in understanding signaling cascades that direct germ layers specification and the early stages of gastrulation morphogenesis in these models. We discuss outstanding questions, challenges, and opportunities for this promising area of developmental biology.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":"7 4","pages":"383-396"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138812153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0