{"title":"On the status of information structure markers","authors":"C. L. Däbritz","doi":"10.1075/sl.21043.dab","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.21043.dab","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The paper at hand deals with morphological marking of information structural relations from the perspective of\u0000 North-Western Siberian languages. Given many items (morphemes as well as particles and clitics) which have been analyzed as\u0000 markers of information structure in these languages, I try to discuss whether they indeed mark information structural relations or\u0000 whether this supposed marking is rather a side effect of other functions expressed. In order to develop criteria for decision\u0000 marking, I rely on the concepts of sufficiency as well as necessity and sufficient as well as necessary conditions, respectively.\u0000 Additionally, I argue that the latter can be arranged hierarchically with respect to their reliability for the evaluation of\u0000 potential markers of information structure, being intertwined with functional and transparency coding principles.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81017431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Manner of motion in Estonian","authors":"P. Taremaa, Anetta Kopecka","doi":"10.1075/sl.21038.tar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.21038.tar","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Recent decades have witnessed an increasing interest in motion events resulting in thorough knowledge about expressions of manner. However, the individual dimensions of manner of motion have been investigated less extensively. In this study, we focus on one particular dimension of manner: speed. By analysing the Estonian language and applying corpus methods, we show that speed is one of the core dimensions of manner. In Estonian, speed can be expressed with motion verbs and various types of manner modifiers. Speed modifiers can have a function of compensation (providing information that is not present in the verb), specification (providing additional details), and/or intensification (strengthening the meaning conveyed by the verb). Moreover, compared to slow motion, the expression of fast motion in modifiers is more frequent and more diverse in terms of semantic distinctions and morphosyntactic realisations. Drawing on these results, we frame a hypothesis of the fast-over-slow bias.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91186957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Margetts, K. Haude, N. Himmelmann, Dagmar Jung, Sonja Riesberg, Stefan Schnell, Frank Seifart, H. Sheppard, C. Wegener
{"title":"Cross-linguistic patterns in the lexicalisation of bring and take","authors":"A. Margetts, K. Haude, N. Himmelmann, Dagmar Jung, Sonja Riesberg, Stefan Schnell, Frank Seifart, H. Sheppard, C. Wegener","doi":"10.1075/sl.19088.mar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.19088.mar","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study investigates the linguistic expression of bring and take events and more generally of\u0000 the semantic domain of directed caused accompanied motion (‘directed CAM’) across a sample of eight languages of the Pacific and\u0000 the Americas. Unlike English, the majority of languages in our sample do not lexicalise directed CAM events by simple verbs, but\u0000 rather encode the defining meaning components – caused motion, accompaniment, and directedness – in morphosyntactically complex\u0000 constructions. The study shows a high degree of crosslinguistic diversity, even among closely related languages. Meaning\u0000 components are contributed to directed CAM expressions by a mix of lexical semantics, morphosyntax, and pragmatic means. The study\u0000 proposes a text-based, semantic typology of directed CAM events by drawing on corpus data from endangered languages.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74445143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Possessive inflection in Chichimec inalienable nouns","authors":"Borja Herce","doi":"10.1075/sl.21020.her","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.21020.her","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Person and number of a possessor are expressed in Chichimec in one of two ways. Most nouns use possessive classifiers. A smaller class (typically inalienables) inflects for the possessor synthetically. This paper constitutes the first in-depth exploration of this latter class. These nouns are characterized by unparalleled levels of irregularity, with more than 100 different inflection classes and most nouns exhibiting completely unique exponence patterns. The morphology of these nouns is based on several orthogonal inflectional layers: prefixes, stem alternations, and tone, all of which exhibit only weak predictive relations to other subsystems or cells, and equally unpredictable mappings to the possessor values they instantiate. The system is also extremely challenging with respect to segmentation, as most of the segments within the word can change in inflection seemingly independently of the neighbouring ones. This paper surveys this baroque system in search of its organizational principles.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"367 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82579787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From syntax to morphology","authors":"Yong Wang","doi":"10.1075/sl.21015.wan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.21015.wan","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Noun-incorporation is a process of word-formation in which a nominal constituent is added to a verbal root, with the resulting construction being both a verb and a single word. The incorporated element may be the object of the verbal element; it may also denote agent, instrument, location, etc. Once incorporated the nominal constituent figures less prominently. The meaning of the resulting new word is more than the sum of its two constituents. This is the most nearly syntactic of all morphological processes that has morphological, semantic, syntactic, and discourse consequences (Mithun 1984: 847). By reference to relevant typological studies, this article describes the morphological, syntactic, and semantic features of noun-incorporation in Chinese within the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics. It is found that the new verb may be intransitive or transitive and the two elements may occur continuously or discontinuously and they may swap their positions. This process may shed light on the complementary and continuous relation between lexis and grammar and the ergative nature of Chinese.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91160572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Concessive conditionals beyond Europe","authors":"T. Bossuyt","doi":"10.1075/sl.20068.bos","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.20068.bos","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present study is concerned with complex sentences known as concessive conditionals from a\u0000 functional-typological perspective. It examines the coding strategies used in the protasis of the three subtypes of concessive\u0000 conditionals – viz. scalar, alternative, and universal concessive conditionals – in a global sample of 17 languages, thus\u0000 complementing a previous study of their formal properties in European languages (Haspelmath\u0000 & König 1998). The results include some coding strategies which are unattested in European languages and suggest\u0000 that Haspelmath & König’s division between languages which mark the three subtypes uniformly and languages which mark them\u0000 differentially is too simplistic, there being at least four overall marking patterns rather than two. Although these results are\u0000 only preliminary in nature, they do look promising for future research, which should be based on a larger and more strictly\u0000 stratified sample.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83867701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Periphrastic causative in West Circassian","authors":"Paul Phelan","doi":"10.1075/sl.20028.phe","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.20028.phe","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper looks at a grammaticalized periphrastic causative construction in West Circassian. West Circassian is a polysynthetic language and expresses information largely through morphological means, which makes this construction all the more unusual. As interest in the complexities of polysynthetic languages grows, it is important to look at periphrastic strategies and syntactic operations in these languages beyond those governed by their morphosyntactic rules. Here, a causative construction based on the West Circassian ‘do’ exists alongside a highly productive morphological causative. Questions of how and why the appearance of such a construction is possible in West Circassian, but has not happened in closely related Abaza, are important and are a reminder that we should look beyond the complex morphosyntax of such languages to less studied and less conspicuous structures that can challenge our understanding of polysynthetic paradigms.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81516232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nominal determination in Moroccan Arabic","authors":"Utz Maas, S. Procházka","doi":"10.1075/sl.20040.maa","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.20040.maa","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Many studies on Moroccan Arabic presuppose the existence of a determination system organized along the lines of definiteness and indefiniteness. Hence, they postulate a ‘definite article’ with the form /l-/ and an ‘indefinite article’ as its counterpart in the form /waħd.l-/.\u0000This study shows that the so-called ‘definite article’ /l-/ is actually a general referential marker that mainly marks a noun as [−predicative]. The marker /l-/ and its augmented forms are specific and allow different readings ranging from anaphoric definiteness to specific indefiniteness. The marker /waħd.l-/ is less an ‘indefinite article’ but marks ‘mirativity’, i.e. pragmatic salience. Thus it often has a cataphoric function. Demonstratives are used in deictic function but also to evoke an already existing knowledge in the hearer. The system is extended by the referential marker /ʃi-/ restricted to mark non-specific items. The complexity of nominal determination is partly the result of the juxtaposition of typically Moroccan linguistic innovations and retentions of “common Arabic” structures.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83596408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Derivation predicting inflection","authors":"Olivier Bonami, Matteo Pellegrini","doi":"10.1075/sl.21002.bon","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.21002.bon","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, we investigate the value of derivational information in predicting the inflectional behavior of\u0000 lexemes. We focus on Latin, for which large-scale data on both inflection and derivation are easily available. We train boosting\u0000 tree classifiers to predict the inflection class of verbs and nouns with and without different pieces of derivational information.\u0000 For verbs, we also model inflectional behavior in a word-based fashion, training the same type of classifier to predict wordforms\u0000 given knowledge of other wordforms of the same lexemes. We find that derivational information is indeed helpful, and document an\u0000 asymmetry between the beginning and the end of words, in that the final element in a word is highly predictive, while prefixes\u0000 prove to be uninformative. The results obtained with the word-based methodology also allow for a finer-grained description of the\u0000 behavior of different pairs of cells.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80293509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A cross-linguistic study of emphatic negative coordination","authors":"Iker Salaberri","doi":"10.1075/sl.20047.sal","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.20047.sal","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed cross-linguistic analysis of so-called emphatic negative\u0000 coordination (enc). This kind of clause linkage is illustrated by neither and nor in\u0000 She neither could nor would speak lightly of the accident. On the basis of a 250-language sample, the paper\u0000 lays out a new typology of enc meant to gain novel insights. It is shown that languages can combine enc types,\u0000 and that contact and borrowing are relevant triggers for the emergence of this sort of clause linkage. The article also reveals\u0000 that there is considerable variety in the etymological sources and grammaticalization paths of enc markers.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82617586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
