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Morphological structure can escape reduction effects from mass admixture of second language speakers 词形结构可以避免第二语言使用者大量混杂的减少效应
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Studies in Language Pub Date : 2020-11-02 DOI: 10.1075/SL.19059.WID
Manuel Widmer, M. Jenny, W. Behr, B. Bickel
{"title":"Morphological structure can escape reduction effects from mass admixture of second language speakers","authors":"Manuel Widmer, M. Jenny, W. Behr, B. Bickel","doi":"10.1075/SL.19059.WID","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/SL.19059.WID","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Morphological complexity is expected to decrease under mass admixture from adult second language speakers. While this has been chiefly shown for morphological richness, an unresolved question is whether the effect extends to aspects of morphological boundedness. Here we report a case study of Sino-Tibetan verbs, contrasting verbal expressions of two languages with very large (Chinese, Burmese) and of two languages with very small (Bunan, Chintang) numbers of second language speakers. We find that while the amount of second language speakers accounts for differences in the range and number of inflectional categories (degrees of synthesis), it does not affect the way in which morphological constituents are bound together, reflecting fortification through a mix of diachronically stable and universally preferred patterns. This calls for theoretical models that narrow down the range of changes that are driven by second language speaker admixture, and for extensive empirical testing on a global scale.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"4 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90585048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Caused-Motion and Caused-Position 引起的运动和引起的位置
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Studies in Language Pub Date : 2020-10-27 DOI: 10.1075/sl.18067.joo
Ian Joo, Meichun Liu
{"title":"Caused-Motion and Caused-Position","authors":"Ian Joo, Meichun Liu","doi":"10.1075/sl.18067.joo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.18067.joo","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract According to Goldberg (1995) , placement verbs (such as put) are instantiated in the Caused-Motion Construction. Rohde (2001) , however, argued that placement verbs in fact occur in a different construction, which she names the Caused-Position Construction, whose semantic value is not ‘cause to move’ but rather ‘cause to be positioned’. The present paper redefines and justifies the postulation of Caused-Position Construction. The Caused-Position Construction is compatible with not only placement verbs but also a variety of other verbs, such as verbs of creation (write or build) or certain stative verbs (want or need), many of which also occur in the Locative Inversion construction. Further, a similar distinction between Caused-Motion and Caused-Position can be attested in Mandarin as well, which suggests that the distinction between two patterns of spatial causation may not be idiosyncratically confined to the English language but motivated by the general patterns of human cognition.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82442052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Additive particle uses in Hungarian 匈牙利语中添加粒子的用法
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Studies in Language Pub Date : 2020-10-22 DOI: 10.1075/SL.19034.BAL
K. Balogh
{"title":"Additive particle uses in Hungarian","authors":"K. Balogh","doi":"10.1075/SL.19034.BAL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/SL.19034.BAL","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, we investigate empirical data that raise challenging issues with respect to focus sensitivity of the Hungarian additive particle is ‘also, too’. In Hungarian, the additive particle is attached to a constituent, and the is-phrase cannot occupy the structural focus position. This raises the issue how to capture the focus sensitivity of is. We propose a primarily pragmatic, context-based analysis of the Hungarian additive particle, where the particle associates with the pragmatic focus ( Lambrecht 1994 ) determined on basis of the immediate question under discussion ( Roberts 2012 ). Important evidence for this claim is that the Hungarian additive particle can take different semantic associates, corresponding to the pragmatic focus of the sentence. After discussing the Hungarian data, we will present the analysis in the framework of Role and Reference Grammar ( Van Valin & LaPolla 1997 ; Van Valin 2005 ). To capture Hungarian and English data in a uniform way, important extensions of the framework will be proposed.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74724926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Tonal morphology in Sama Nubri Sama Nubri的音调形态学
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Studies in Language Pub Date : 2020-10-19 DOI: 10.1075/SL.19074.DON
Cathryn Donohue
{"title":"Tonal morphology in Sama Nubri","authors":"Cathryn Donohue","doi":"10.1075/SL.19074.DON","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/SL.19074.DON","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper reports on the Tibeto-Burman language, Nubri, of the high Himalayan region of northern central Nepal. Specifically, data is presented to illustrate the use of tone to mark two morphological features in the language: the use of a H tone suffix to mark the genitive case, and the use of a H tone prefix to mark an increase in transitivity. This is the first account of these phenomena in Nubri and an analysis is presented before contextualizing the phenomena in a typological perspective.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84427628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kokborok and the simple-complex reflexive distinction Kokborok和简单-复杂反身的区别
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Studies in Language Pub Date : 2020-10-19 DOI: 10.1075/sl.19091.roy
G. Roy, K. V. Subbarao, R. Kumar, M. Everaert
{"title":"Kokborok and the simple-complex reflexive distinction","authors":"G. Roy, K. V. Subbarao, R. Kumar, M. Everaert","doi":"10.1075/sl.19091.roy","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.19091.roy","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents an in-depth investigation of the binding strategies in Kokborok and we will look more specifically how this sheds light on the theories of reflexivization. Kokborok, a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Tripura, a state in the North-East of India, has two reflexives: sak sak ‘self self’ and sak baithaŋ ‘self self’. The form sak sak ‘self self’ conforms to Principle A of classic Binding Theory, blocking long-distance binding, but this does not hold true for sak baithaŋ allowing non-local binding. It is a well-established fact that some reflexives allow non-local binding, but it is generally assumed that this phenomenon is limited to a certain type of reflexive, morpho-syntactically ‘simple reflexives.’ The so-called ‘complex reflexives’ generally bar non-local binding, and the Kokborok reflexive sak baithaŋ seems an exception to that. This paper explores the uniqueness involved in the nature of anaphoric binding in Kokborok.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80521583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Constituency and coincidence in Chácobo (Pano) Chácobo的选区与巧合(Pano)
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Studies in Language Pub Date : 2020-09-14 DOI: 10.1075/sl.19025.tal
Adam J. R. Tallman
{"title":"Constituency and coincidence in Chácobo (Pano)","authors":"Adam J. R. Tallman","doi":"10.1075/sl.19025.tal","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.19025.tal","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper provides a detailed description of the results of 24 constituency diagnostics, both morphosyntactic and phonological, to Chacobo, a southern Pano language of the northern Bolivian Amazon. While it is often assumed that misalignments across the domains that emerge from constituency diagnostics can be resolved by reference to a distinction between phonological and morphosyntactic words, I argue that this is not true of Chacobo. Divergence is at least as high within phonological domains and morphosyntactic domains as it is across them. While it is often assumed that domains tend to converge overall on a single wordhood candidate or that domain divergence is marginal, I argue that this is not true of Chacobo. I present a cluster of methodologies that assess the motivation for a word constituent as an empirical hypothesis, rather than treating it as an a priori assumption. No strong evidence for a word constituent emerges from the Chacobo data. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87038800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Markers of epistemic modality and their origins 认知形态的标志及其起源
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Studies in Language Pub Date : 2020-09-07 DOI: 10.1075/sl.19065.eng
E. Engberg-Pedersen
{"title":"Markers of epistemic modality and their origins","authors":"E. Engberg-Pedersen","doi":"10.1075/sl.19065.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.19065.eng","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Native deaf signers express epistemic modality by different means: mental-state words, clause-internal particles,\u0000 signs indicating hypothesis, and nonmanually. The data for this study come from two unrelated sign languages, Danish Sign Language\u0000 and Japanese Sign Language. In dialogues the signers use both calques of majority-language words and signs that appear to have\u0000 emerged in the sign languages only. Based on the multifunctionality of some word forms, the origin of the epistemic modal\u0000 particles may be traced back to tags, interjections, and lexical signs, a route motivated by interaction and also found in\u0000 unrelated spoken languages. Furthermore, in both sign languages, the first-person pronoun can be used, without a verb, as an\u0000 epistemic “anchor” of a proposition, a construction that seems specific to languages in the gestural-visual modality. Another\u0000 modality-specific feature is the possibility of transferring the expression of a marker of epistemic uncertainty from one\u0000 articulator to another.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84186472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Multiple functions of the Cantonese ‘wait’ verb dang2 and their historical development 广东话“等”动词“当”的多种功能及其历史发展
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Studies in Language Pub Date : 2020-09-04 DOI: 10.1075/sl.19011.lai
Yik-Po Lai
{"title":"Multiple functions of the Cantonese ‘wait’ verb dang2 and their historical development","authors":"Yik-Po Lai","doi":"10.1075/sl.19011.lai","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.19011.lai","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The diachronic development of morphemes meaning ‘wait’ has not been well documented. This paper describes multiple functions of the ‘wait’ verb dang2 in Hong Kong Cantonese: (a) a verb meaning ‘be in need of’, (b) a permissive verb meaning ‘let’, (c) a causative verb meaning ‘cause’, (d) a temporal marker meaning ‘at, when’, (e) a particle for giving notice of a coming event, and (f) a subordinating conjunction signifying someone’s surprise. Four development paths are proposed to account for the multifunctionality: ‘wait’ > (a); ‘wait’ > (d); ‘wait’ > (b) > (e); and ‘wait’ > (c) > (f). This case draws attention to the potential of ‘wait’ morphemes to be employed to express various other abstract concepts and, furthermore, highlights the role of indirect sources in the theory of grammaticalization.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"7 1","pages":"917-963"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80192949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dutch thetic and sentence-focus constructions on the semantics-pragmatics interface 荷兰语语义-语用界面上的审美和句子焦点结构
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Studies in Language Pub Date : 2020-09-02 DOI: 10.1075/sl.19021.bel
Thomas Belligh
{"title":"Dutch thetic and sentence-focus constructions on the semantics-pragmatics interface","authors":"Thomas Belligh","doi":"10.1075/sl.19021.bel","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.19021.bel","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article studies the various uses of a Dutch thetic and sentence-focus construction, viz. the Syntactic Inversion with Filler Insertion Construction (henceforth: SIFIC), e.g. Er loopt een man over straat (‘There is a man walking across the street’). The article investigates whether theticity and sentence-focus are semantically encoded meanings of the SIFIC or pragmatically inferred senses. SIFIC tokens (N = 750) were extracted from the Dutch SoNaR Corpus and annotated for five factors. The analysis shows that the SIFIC can have information-structural uses that are diametrically opposed to theticity and sentence-focus, i.e. topic-comment structure, predicate-focus articulation and categorical judgment. It is argued that theticity and sentence-focus can therefore not be regarded as the encoded semantics of the SIFIC, but should rather be analyzed as default senses of the construction. Based on similar cross-linguistic findings the article takes issue with the assumption that most languages have dedicated thetic and sentence-focus constructions.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"28 1","pages":"831-878"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73700861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
The two faces of animacy 生命的两面
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Studies in Language Pub Date : 2020-08-26 DOI: 10.1075/sl.19089.san
Ekaitz Santazilia
{"title":"The two faces of animacy","authors":"Ekaitz Santazilia","doi":"10.1075/sl.19089.san","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.19089.san","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As pointed out by Corbett ( 2006 , 2012 ), animacy manifests itself in the grammar of languages in two ways: as a feature and as a condition for the realization of other features. In this work I explore this dual behavior by adding further crosslinguistic evidence. I provide examples affecting number, person, case, and gender, and show that, regarding this distinction, they cannot be analyzed in the same way. Moreover, I examine more closely the relation between these manifestations of animacy and show that they can operate simultaneously not only within the same language but also in the same phenomenon. For these cases, I establish a hierarchy between them that can be crossed with the equally hierarchical relation between the animate/inanimate and the human/nonhuman distinction.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"1 1","pages":"812-830"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88108314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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