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‘Until’ constructions and expletive negation in Huasteca Nahuatl 瓦斯特卡纳瓦特尔语中的 "直到 "结构和祈使否定句
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Studies in Language Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1075/sl.22064.olg
Jesús Olguín Martínez
{"title":"‘Until’ constructions and expletive negation in Huasteca Nahuatl","authors":"Jesús Olguín Martínez","doi":"10.1075/sl.22064.olg","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.22064.olg","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A number of works have explored expletive negation in clause-linkage constructions. Most of them have shown that\u0000 this type of negative marker can be omitted from the adverbial clause without affecting the interpretation holding between\u0000 clauses. The study shows, based on the analysis of natural discourse data, that expletive negation has developed an intriguing\u0000 discourse function in three types of ‘until’ constructions in Huasteca Nahuatl: ‘not…until’ constructions, scalar additive ‘until’\u0000 constructions, and beginning-to-end constructions. When the negative marker amo appears in the ‘until’ clause,\u0000 the proposition should be characterized as expressing surprise. When it is absent from the ‘until’ clause, the proposition does\u0000 not express surprise. This function of the expletive negative marker amo does not appear in elicited sentences,\u0000 but only in spontaneous speech. It is proposed that Huasteca Nahuatl developed expletive negation in ‘not…until’ constructions due\u0000 to contact with Spanish. However, the development of expletive negation in scalar additive ‘until’ constructions and\u0000 beginning-to-end constructions is an internally motivated development in Huasteca Nahuatl that cannot be attributed to\u0000 Spanish.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"50 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139450961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the link between grammaticalization and subjectification 语法化与主体化之间的联系
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Studies in Language Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1075/sl.23008.nuy
Jan Nuyts
{"title":"On the link between grammaticalization and subjectification","authors":"Jan Nuyts","doi":"10.1075/sl.23008.nuy","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.23008.nuy","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article argues that the widespread view that the diachronic processes of grammaticalization and of\u0000 subjectification go hand in hand, and that highly subjectivized meanings typically correlate with highly grammaticalized forms,\u0000 should be revised. The point is made on the basis of the case of the diachrony of the Dutch modal verbs. Corpus data show that\u0000 four of these verbs recently got involved in a process of collective re-autonomization, while the two other modals in the language\u0000 do not. This correlates with differences in the semantic development of the verbs: the four re-autonomizing verbs do, but the two\u0000 outliers do not show a regular process of (inter)subjectification. The paper unravels through which mechanisms the grammatical and\u0000 the semantic developments may correlate, hence why highly subjectivized meanings do not necessarily like a grammatical status.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"4 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138586301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The paradigmaticity of evidentials in the Tibetic languages of Khams 康姆斯提贝语中证据的范式性
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Studies in Language Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1075/sl.23006.dro
Dawa Drolma, Hiroyuki Suzuki
{"title":"The paradigmaticity of evidentials in the Tibetic languages of Khams","authors":"Dawa Drolma, Hiroyuki Suzuki","doi":"10.1075/sl.23006.dro","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.23006.dro","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that the evidential system of Khams Tibetan, a cluster of Tibetic languages spoken in the south-eastern Tibetosphere, should be considered a verb paradigm. We propose a paradigm with six evidential categories (egophoric, statemental, visual sensory, nonvisual sensory, sensory inferential, and logical inferential) for all the verb classes. We focus on two varieties – rGyalthang and Lhagang – and examine how these evidential categories are encoded with distinct morphemes. We then discuss the main evidential forms of the copulative and existential verbs available in Khams Tibetan varieties as a whole, as well as their morphological relationship. Our analyses lead us to argue against a differential treatment of evidentiality depending on verb categories. The article concludes that describing the evidential paradigm may be the first essential task in writing a grammar of a Tibetic language.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139220324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evidentiality, discourse prominence and grammaticalization 证据性、话语显著性和语法化
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Studies in Language Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.1075/sl.23001.boy
Kasper Boye
{"title":"Evidentiality, discourse prominence and grammaticalization","authors":"Kasper Boye","doi":"10.1075/sl.23001.boy","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.23001.boy","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to answer three questions: (1) What is the difference between grammatical and lexical indications of information source? (2) What qualifies an element for grammaticalization as an evidential? (3) How can we identify grammatical evidentials and instances of evidential grammaticalization? The answers proposed are as follows: (1) The difference between grammatical and lexical indications of information source is a difference between indications conventionalized as discourse secondary and indications conventionalized as potentially discourse primary. (2) A candidate for grammaticalization as an evidential must (i) have propositional scope, (ii) belong in the conceptual domain of information source, (iii) be frequent enough to pass the threshold for conventionalization, and (iv) be discourse secondary, but not by convention. (3) Grammatical evidentials and instances of evidential grammaticalization can be identified based on focusablity, addressability and modifiability.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139251351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Speaking about knowledge 谈知识
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Studies in Language Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.1075/sl.23004.aik
A. Aikhenvald
{"title":"Speaking about knowledge","authors":"A. Aikhenvald","doi":"10.1075/sl.23004.aik","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.23004.aik","url":null,"abstract":"We focus on the grammatical expression of four major groups of meanings related to knowledge: I. Evidentiality: grammatical expression of information source; II. Egophoricity: grammatical expression of access to knowledge; III. Mirativity: grammatical expression of expectation of knowledge; and IV. Epistemic modality: grammatical expression of attitude to knowledge. The four groups of categories interact. Some develop overtones of the others. Epistemic-directed evidentials have additional meanings typical of epistemic modalities, while egophoricity-directed evidentials combine some reference to access to knowledge by speaker and addressee. Over the past thirty years, new evidential choices have evolved among the Tariana – whose language has five evidential terms in an egophoricity-directed system – to reflect new ways of acquiring information, including radio, television, phone, and internet. Evidentials stand apart from other means of knowledge-related categories as tokens of language ecology corroborated by their sensitivity to the changing social environment.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"75 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139262930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A new converb originating from the locative noun in Beserman 源于贝瑟曼语中位置名词的一种新的转换词
3区 文学
Studies in Language Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1075/sl.22049.ser
Maria Usacheva, Natalia Serdobolskaya
{"title":"A new converb originating from the locative noun in Beserman","authors":"Maria Usacheva, Natalia Serdobolskaya","doi":"10.1075/sl.22049.ser","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.22049.ser","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Beserman, a new converb grammaticalizes from the possessive locative form of the locative noun in (o)ń-ńig . We show that the constructions with the converb have a clausal structure, while the constructions with the locative noun are mostly noun phrases, even if they include an indication of the agent and patient of the situation encoded by the locative noun. Semantically, the two types of constructions are also different. In the converb constructions the situations encoded by the main and the embedded clause must overlap, while with locative nouns this is not necessarily the case. The temporal reference of locative nouns is habitual/iterative, while converbs often have episodic (non-habitual) interpretation. The original locative noun denotes a reference to a fixed location where the situation usually takes place. In the constructions with the converb this meaning is bleached and generalized as an action which takes place in any possible location.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"341 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135475044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Adjectival intensification in West German 西德的形容词强化
3区 文学
Studies in Language Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1075/sl.23016.van
Daniel Van Olmen
{"title":"Adjectival intensification in West German","authors":"Daniel Van Olmen","doi":"10.1075/sl.23016.van","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.23016.van","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article investigates the forms and functions of adjectival intensification in West Germanic. With corpus data from different discourse types, we challenge claims that German tends to use synthetic means and Dutch is between German and English but more like English in its preference for analytic ones. Our results show that all three languages, and Afrikaans too, favor analytic intensifiers but also that only English employs synthetic ones to a lesser extent. The other languages are found to use synthetic forms more especially in literature. The study also offers corpus-based support for an earlier hypothesis that both English and German prefer amplifying to downtoning adjectives. We show that this tendency exists more pronouncedly in Afrikaans and Dutch too and that English speech stands out with more functionally ambiguous intensifiers. The article also explores possible explanations for its findings in (dis)similarities in word formation, discourse types’ linguistic potential and politeness","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"3 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A binary inflectional voice contrast in Mabaan (Western Nilotic) 马巴安语(西尼罗河语)的二元屈折语音对比
3区 文学
Studies in Language Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.1075/sl.22023.and
Torben Andersen
{"title":"A binary inflectional voice contrast in Mabaan (Western Nilotic)","authors":"Torben Andersen","doi":"10.1075/sl.22023.and","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.22023.and","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Mabaan, a Western Nilotic language, there is a binary inflectional voice contrast in the morphology of verbs. In addition to a morphologically unmarked basic voice, there is a fully productive applicative voice, which is morphologically marked. This applicative voice may be called circumstantial in order to distinguish it from another applicative voice, which is derivational, namely benefactive. The circumstantial voice turns an adjunct into an object, making an intransitive verb transitive and a transitive verb ditransitive. In a main clause, however, a transitive verb needs to be detransitivized via antipassive derivation in order for an adjunct to become object through the circumstantial voice. In some types of subordinate clauses, by contrast, any verb can get the circumstantial voice, whatever its transitivity, derivational status and meaning. This voice is obligatory in relative clauses when the relativized constituent is an adjunct and in some types of adverbial clauses.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135738690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparing zero and referential choice in eight languages with a focus on Mandarin Chinese 以普通话为例，比较八种语言的零选择和指称选择
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Studies in Language Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1075/sl.21072.vol
Maria Vollmer
{"title":"Comparing zero and referential choice in eight languages with a focus on Mandarin Chinese","authors":"Maria Vollmer","doi":"10.1075/sl.21072.vol","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.21072.vol","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Mandarin has a low rate of overtly expressed arguments in all syntactic functions without agreement marking on the verb. It has been claimed that Mandarin exhibits higher rates of zero arguments than other languages. Most previous work has compared Mandarin with English, while comparison with other languages remains a desideratum. This study compares Mandarin with seven languages (Cypriot Greek, English, Northern Kurdish, Sanzhi, Teop, Tondano, Vera’a) taken from Multi-CAST (Haig & Schnell 2019). Results suggest that while Mandarin exhibits more zero arguments than pronouns, this is not unique, with e.g. Cypriot Greek having a higher rate of zero arguments. In addition, a relatively stable rate of lexical expressions can be found across languages, relativising Mandarin’s unique position with regard to referential choice even further.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78134122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Minimal participant structure of the event and the emergence of the argument/adjunct distinction 最小参与者结构的事件和出现的论点/附言的区别
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Studies in Language Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1075/sl.22029.fra
Zygmunt Frajzyngier, Natalia Gurian, S. Karpenko
{"title":"Minimal participant structure of the event and the emergence of the argument/adjunct distinction","authors":"Zygmunt Frajzyngier, Natalia Gurian, S. Karpenko","doi":"10.1075/sl.22029.fra","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.22029.fra","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The present study answers the following questions: why the semantic roles of agent or patient are often unmarked; why other semantic roles, such as benefactive, stative locative, goal, or source, are unmarked when used with some verbs and marked when used with other verbs; and why semantic relations such as ‘associative’, ‘instrumental’, ‘reason’, ‘purpose’, and others often referred to as ‘adjuncts’ are usually marked. The study, based on Sino-Russian idiolects spoken in the Far East of Russia, proposes that at an early stage in the formation of grammatical systems by adult speakers, if a noun phrase fulfills the role of one of the participants in the minimal participant structure of the event, the semantic role of the noun phrase is not marked. If the noun phrase does not fulfill the role of one of the participants in the minimal participant-structure of the event, the role of the noun phrase must be marked.","PeriodicalId":46377,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Language","volume":"257 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73489500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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