Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Associations Between Mental Health and Academic Performance in High School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southernmost Brazil.","authors":"Vicente Gabriel Winck Mattos, Alice Maria Alves da Silva, Laís Werneck de Azevedo, Eduardo Gauze Alexandrino, Daniel Prates-Baldez, Samuel Carvalho Dumith","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2025-1129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2025-1129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Psychiatric symptoms are prevalent among teenagers and consistently associated with impaired academic performance.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to examine the relationship between symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress and academic performance among high school students in southern Brazil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study (2022) involved students from the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS), Brazil. Mental health was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and academic performance was estimated based on the average grades taken in the academic year. Data were analyzed using STATA 15.1 with Poisson regression for prevalence ratios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 480 eligible students, 391 had complete data (response rate: 81.5%). The mean age was 17.0 years (SD = 1.5); 56% were male, 46% first-year students, 33% physically inactive, 5% smokers, 36% reported alcohol consumption, and 32% had good or very good sleep quality. The mean DASS-21 score was 15.2 (95%CI 14.4-16.5). Severe or very severe symptoms were observed in 16.2% for depression, 15.3% for anxiety, and 9.1% for stress, with 22.3% presenting at least one severe outcome. The mean academic grade was 7.8 (SD = 1.4); 21% scored <7.0 and 17% ≥9.0. Higher mental health scores were associated with lower and reduced higher academic performance. Depression and stress, but not anxiety, were associated with poorer performance; only depression showed an inverse association with high performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated a negative association between depressive and stress symptoms and academic performance in high school students, while anxiety symptoms were not significantly associated.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Psilocybin-Assisted Schema Therapy: A Conceptual Framework for Potential Therapeutic Synergies in Personality Disorders.","authors":"Alberto Barbieri","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2025-1273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2025-1273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Personality disorders (PDs) are characterized by rigid and maladaptive patterns of self- and interpersonal functioning, leading to high clinical burden and limited treatment outcomes. Schema Therapy (ST), an integrative psychotherapy rooted in cognitive-behavioral principles, conceptualizes PDs in terms of Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS)-pervasive cognitive-affective structures formed through unmet emotional needs-and schema modes, dynamic states organizing emotion, belief, and behavior. Evidence indicates moderate efficacy of ST, mainly for borderline personality disorder, with limited research on other Cluster B and C PDs. Emerging evidence suggests that psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic, can induce enduring personality change, supporting its potential use in treating PDs. Within a predictive coding framework, the REBUS (\"Relaxed Beliefs Under Psychedelics\") and REBAS (\"Revised Beliefs After Psychedelics\") models propose that psilocybin relaxes high-level priors, facilitating cognitive flexibility and revision of maladaptive self-beliefs. Conceptual parallels between EMS and high-level priors suggest that psychedelic-induced relaxation of entrenched beliefs may enhance responsiveness to ST's experiential and cognitive interventions. Psilocybin-Assisted Schema Therapy (PAST) is proposed as a model in which psilocybin sessions are followed by integration combining psychedelic-induced cognitive flexibility with ST techniques, aimed at strengthening adaptive modes and reducing dysfunctional EMS and dysfunctional modes. PAST could be relevant in the future for enhancing outcomes and potentially reducing treatment duration in Cluster B and C PDs, pending empirical validation. Although current literature is insufficient to recommend psilocybinassisted interventions for PDs, this theoretical article bridges computational neuroscience and clinical psychotherapy, outlining a framework for future studies on PAST feasibility, safety, and efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological and Behavioral Impacts of Internet Addiction among Adolescents and Young Adults.","authors":"Maísa Gelain Marin, Guilherme da Silva Freitas, Antônio Bonfada Collares Machado, Johnatan F Ferreira da Silva, Rosa M Martins de Almeida","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2025-1228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2025-1228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The constant access to online content has raised concerns worldwide. Excessive engagement with digital platforms can contribute to significant mental health challenges, including increased levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. This phenomenon is related to impairments in neuroanatomical areas leading to adverse outcomes. The study aimed to analyze the associations between internet addiction (IA), depression, anxiety, stress, and a diversity of sociodemographic variables, including gender, social media use, employment status, sleep, and physical activity patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of 618 adolescents and young adults in southern Brazil was analyzed (mean age: 23.34). Participants filled an online form and statistical analysis was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results show that depression, anxiety, and stress levels were higher in women (p < 0.001), whereas IAT scores did not reach statistical significance, despite being higher in women (p = .06). Those who are employed may have lower levels of IA; poor sleep habits are associated with higher internet addiction and social media use is associated with poorer mental health and IA (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mental health support and internet use limits should be offered to the general population in terms of prevention and treatment of these conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latent Heterogeneity in Depressive Symptoms, Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Brazilian Medical Students: Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Group Differences.","authors":"Rodolfo Furlan Damiano, Laura Fernandes Berto, Clarissa Garcia, Bianca Besteti Fernandes Damiano, Juliane Piasseschi de Bernardin Gonçalves, Oscarina da Silva Ezequiel, Alessandra Lamas Granero Lucchetti, Lisabeth F DiLalla, Homero Vallada, Craig Bryan, Euripedes Constantino Miguel, Giancarlo Lucchetti","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2025-1289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2025-1289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) are common among medical students, but larger, diverse studies are needed, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to assess the prevalence and factors associated with STBs among Brazilian medical students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey of 1,026 Brazilian medical students gathered data on sociodemographics, STBs, depressive (PHQ-9) and anxiety symptoms (GAD-7), university stressors, learning environment, religiosity, and hazing. Prevalence and regression analyses identified associated factors, and latent class analysis (LCA) identified distinct risk groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lifetime prevalence rates were 62.7% for passive thoughts of death, 39.6% for suicidal ideation, and 12.7% for lifetime suicide attempts, with 4.4% reporting at least one attempt in the past year. Anxiety symptoms were associated with all suicidal outcomes. Depressive symptoms, university stressors, and poorer learning environment were associated with higher suicidal ideation scores, while male sex and higher intrinsic religiosity were inversely associated with depressive symptoms. In the LCA, all religiosity dimensions differed significantly across classes, with the highest levels in the Low-Risk group. Hazing victimization and non-cisgender identity were associated with suicidal behaviors. LCA identified three groups: Low-Risk (42.4%) with minimal suicidal thoughts, distress, and higher religiosity; Moderate-Risk (41.1%) with intermediate levels; High-Risk (16.5%) with severe suicidal thoughts, depression, anxiety, university stress, poor environment, and hazing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on our findings, interventions designed to address suicidality in this population may benefit from focusing on modifiable institutional factors (learning environment, university stressors, hazing) alongside individual mental health support, particularly for minority students.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unrecognized Even in Death: The Statistical Invisibility of Autistic People in Brazilian Suicide Mortality Records.","authors":"Felipe Dalvi-Garcia, Natia Horato, Daniel Cruz Cavalieri, Laiana Azevedo Quagliato, Antonio Egidio Nardi","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2025-1276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2025-1276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Suicide is a leading cause of premature death in Brazil. Some groups are at higher risk of committing suicide, including individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This study aimed to assess whether autistic people are being identified in Brazilian official mortality records and whether this condition is being acknowledged as a contributing factor to suicide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed a standardized version of the Brazilian Mortality Information System (SIM), filtering deaths by suicide from 1996 to 2024 in which the underlying cause of death was intentional self-harm, sequelae of intentional self-harm, or undetermined intent possibly due to self-harm. Variables potentially indicating contributing conditions related to ASD or intellectual disability (ID) were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 579,121 deaths by suicide, only 81 certificates recorded ASD or ID, and only 16 recognized autistic people. Fifteen were men, with a mean age 33.5 ± 17.2 years. The first certificate listing ID was in 2000; the first mentioning autism was not until 2008.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest under-reporting of ASD as a factor relevant to suicide and a substantial disparity compared to other countries' statistics. Improving certifying professional training and integrating datasets may enhance suicide prevention efforts for people with neurodevelopmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Large Language Models in Teaching Psychiatric Semiology: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Vinícius Vicente Soares, Felipe Francisco de Castro Passos, Isabel Cristina Siqueira da Silva, Flávio Milman Shansis, Juliana Silva Herbert","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2025-1237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2025-1237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Teaching psychiatric semiology faces challenges such as the limited availability of real patients for educational purposes and a shortage of specialized instructors. This systematic review investigated the applications of Large Language Models (LLMs), exemplified by ChatGPT, to address these gaps.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Studies published between November 2022 and September 17, 2025, were identified through searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, EBSCO, BVS, and EMBASE databases. Two independent reviewers conducted the systematic review following the PRISMA 2020 checklist, and the methodological quality of the included studies was individually assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1,549 studies initially identified, two met the inclusion criteria, involving medical students and educators in Canada and Switzerland. LLMs demonstrated performance comparable to human experts in creating diagnostic tests and clinical vignettes but exhibited occasional simplifications and algorithmic biases. Participants reported positive perceptions of the tools' efficiency and practicality, but emphasized the need for specialized supervision and attention to potential privacy issues and superficiality in complex cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LLMs show potential as valuable supplementary resources for teaching psychiatric semiology, especially in settings with shortages of teachers and available patients for training. However, their limitations, including cultural and algorithmic biases, potential privacy risks, and superficial content generation, require close monitoring by experienced professionals. Although current evidence is preliminary, prospects are promising, highlighting the need for more robust and long-term studies to evaluate the educational use of LLMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147634746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The centrality of mood symptoms in bipolar disorder: A systematic review of network analysis studies.","authors":"Maggie Campbell, Daniela Giansante, Kate Mitas, Benicio N Frey, Fabiano Alves Gomes, Katerina Dikaios","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2025-1235","DOIUrl":"10.47626/2237-6089-2025-1235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Network analysis offers a novel framework for understanding the dynamic interconnections among symptoms, moving beyond traditional approaches to identify central symptoms that drive illness courses and treatment response. Recent studies have used this method to examine how symptoms group together and influence one another in unipolar depression; however, its application to bipolar disorder (BD) remains limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This review systematically examines literature that applied network analysis methodology to BD to investigate central symptoms and their interrelationships within this condition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase, and Scopus databases was conducted from inception to January 2026 to identify studies that applied network analysis to examine mood symptom centrality in individuals with BD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing diverse BD populations including young adults, and mixed-age samples across different illness phases. Across depressive symptom networks, depressed mood, low energy, and negative self-concept emerged as central nodes, while high energy, pressured speech, and elevated self-esteem were most central in networks of manic symptoms. Methodological and reporting heterogeneity, including variations in network estimation techniques, sample characteristics, and symptom assessment instruments, limited the comparability of findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings advance understanding of central symptoms and network structures in BD, revealing consistent patterns across depressive and manic symptom networks. Identifying key symptom patterns and their interconnections may inform future symptom-targeted research and enhance understanding of symptom dynamics in BD.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum BDNF levels in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Pedro Muqui Ramos, Julia Onisto Costa, Laiana Azevedo Quagliato","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2025-1100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2025-1100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Recent evidence suggests that reduced peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD), although its relevance in young populations remains uncertain. This systematic review synthesized studies that evaluated serum BDNF levels in children and adolescents with BD, examining its potential as a risk marker.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines and a protocol registered in PROSPERO, searches were conducted in the Cochrane, MEDLINE, SciELO, and Scopus databases. Studies including participants aged 0-19 years diagnosed with BD according to DSM criteria were included. Studies with mixed samples (adults, children and adolescents) without separate age-group analyses were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After screening and eligibility assessment, seven studies were included. Five of them included a control group, from which a meta-analysis was performed. Moderate methodological heterogeneity was observed and corrected after sensitivity analysis, reinforcing the robustness of the findings, although no statistically significant difference in serum BDNF levels was found between patients with bipolar disorder and controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Current evidence does not support BDNF as a diagnostic biomarker for pediatric BD. Future studies with greater sample power and methodological standardization are needed to clarify its role in the risk and course of early-onset bipolar disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147469594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of two digital parent training models for managing challenging behaviors and food selectivity in children with autism spectrum disorder.","authors":"Claudia Romano Pacífico, Leila Bagaiolo, Lívia Rangel, Bianca Romano Logiacco, Daniela Bordini, Graccielle Rodrigues da Cunha Asevedo, Joana Portolose, Cristiane Silvestre Paula","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2025-1145","DOIUrl":"10.47626/2237-6089-2025-1145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To analyze the feasibility and impacts of parental training programs aimed at reducing challenging behaviors and minimizing food selectivity patterns in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An open clinical trial was conducted with 23 children with ASD and their families. The intervention lasted 12 weeks and consisted of online sessions with caregivers, who were divided into two groups: Challenging Behaviors and Food Selectivity. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), and the Brief Autism Mealtime Behavior Inventory (BAMBI). Caregivers also completed daily logs regarding their children's behavioral and feeding challenges.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a reduction in challenging behaviors after the intervention (μ=50.06) compared to the pre-intervention period (μ=67.81; ρ=0.001), as well as a decrease in food selectivity (μ=45.14 post vs. μ=57.71 pre; ρ=0.012).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both interventions demonstrated preliminary evidence of feasibility and potential positive effects for children with ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147463942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WITHDRAWN: Topiramate Therapy in Cocaine Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Sridevi Shanmugam, Saravana Arunkumar, Vishal Agrawal, Praveen Kumar","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2025-1117","DOIUrl":"10.47626/2237-6089-2025-1117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ahead of Print article withdrawn by publisher.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}