Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Perspectives on the ketogenic diet as a non-pharmacological intervention for major depressive disorder.","authors":"Jade Shelp, Cristiano Chaves, Alexander Terpstra, Elena Koning, Fabiano A Gomes, Jennifer Fabe, Vitor Breda, Nicole Laurent, Christopher Palmer, Elisa Brietzke","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2024-0932","DOIUrl":"10.47626/2237-6089-2024-0932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mood disorder characterized by persistent low mood and anhedonia, significantly impacting cognitive function and daily living. Despite available pharmacological treatments, nearly one-third of individuals with MDD do not achieve adequate symptom relief with conventional treatments. The ketogenic diet (KD), a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that induces ketosis, has emerged as a potential non-pharmacological intervention for MDD. The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive perspective on the current knowledge and gaps regarding the potential antidepressant effect of the KD, emphasizing its safety, efficacy, and mechanistic pathways.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This narrative review synthesizes data from preclinical and clinical studies on the effects of KD on mood, cognitive function, and its potential as an antidepressant. Mechanistic insights from animal and human studies are explored to elucidate possible pathways through which KD may exert its effects on MDD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Evidence from animal models suggests that KD may reduce depressive-like behaviors and improve cognitive function. Preliminary human studies, including case reports and observational studies, indicate potential benefits such as mood stabilization, increased energy, and reduced depression severity. Proposed mechanisms include immune-inflammatory regulation, correction of mitochondrial dysfunction, and neurotransmitter modulation. However, key gaps remain, particularly regarding the therapeutic window, long-term efficacy, and specific mechanisms of action in MDD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>KD represents a promising avenue for further investigation as a non-pharmacological treatment of MDD. Further research is needed to establish its clinical utility, identify predictors of response, and assess its feasibility as a treatment option for MDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"e20240932"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12978508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with suicide risk in young women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a population-based study.","authors":"Francine Zanette Machado, Manuela Silva Silveira da Mota, Ester Pereira Dos Santos, Divya Prasad, Taiane de Azevedo Cardoso, Benicio N Frey, Karen Jansen, Luciano Dias de Mattos Souza, Thaise Campos Mondin, Flavio Kapczinski, Fernanda Pedrotti Moreira, Ricardo Azevedo da Silva","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2023-0718","DOIUrl":"10.47626/2237-6089-2023-0718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) are more likely to report suicide ideation and behavior when compared to women without PMDD. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the risk factors for suicide risk in women with PMDD. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the factors associated with suicide risk in young women with PMDD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study including 128 young women with PMDD who were recruited from the community. PMDD and suicide risk were assessed by trained psychologists using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-PLUS). Suicide risk evaluation includes six questions that assess suicidal intention, planning, and previous attempts. Subjects who answer yes to any of the six questions are classified as having current suicide risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of current suicide risk in women with PMDD was 28.1%. The factors associated with suicide risk in this population were: presenting current panic disorder (odds ratio [OR]: 18.71 [95% confidence interval {95%CI} 1.02-343.27], p = 0.048), a non-white skin color (OR: 4.18 [95%CI 1.28-13.61], p = 0.018), greater severity of depressive symptoms (OR: 1.22 [95%CI 1.12-1.32], p < 0.001), and history of childhood trauma (OR: 1.04 [95%CI 1.01-1.08], p = 0.010).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that there are key sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with suicide risk in young women with PMDD, enabling clinicians to identify at-risk individuals who could benefit from further screening and interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"e20230718"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12956143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139693203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia decreases the discrepancy between objective and subjective measures of sleep.","authors":"Lauren E Cudney, Sheryl M Green, Randi E McCabe, Benicio N Frey","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2024-0819","DOIUrl":"10.47626/2237-6089-2024-0819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Individuals with insomnia disorder often exhibit differences between reported experiences of sleep and objectively measured sleep parameters; however, the implications of this subjective-objective sleep discrepancy during treatment remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) on the discrepancy between objective and subjective measures of sleep, and to assess whether changes in clinical variables such as depression, anxiety, fatigue, and beliefs about sleep, were related to changes in discrepancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-five participants with insomnia disorder were enrolled in group CBT-I. Sleep measures were continually sampled from baseline until 2 weeks post-treatment with both objective (i.e., actigraphy) and subjective (i.e., sleep diary) methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The subjective-objective discrepancy significantly decreased from baseline early on in treatment (following the second session) and were maintained at post-treatment for sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset (WASO) and sleep efficiency (SE). Total sleep time (TST) discrepancy and misperception decreased from baseline to post-treatment. Improvement in depression symptoms, fatigue symptoms, and negative beliefs about sleep were significantly correlated with the decrease in the discrepancy for WASO and SE.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that CBT-I resolves the mismatch between objective and subjective sleep parameters early in treatment for adults with insomnia. Sleep misperception improved from underestimating to accurately estimating TST. Improvement of psychological symptoms were related to decrease in sleep discrepancies across treatment. Future research is needed to explore how feedback on objective and subjective sleep discrepancy may impact sleep perception across treatment with CBT-I.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"e20240819"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12956149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting the cholinergic and endocannabinoid systems as a therapeutic intervention for core and associated phenotypes in the autism model; a systematic review.","authors":"Princewill Sopuluchukwu Udodi, Godson Emeka Anyanwu, Roseline Ebube Udodi, Damian Nnabuihe Ezejindu","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2024-0791","DOIUrl":"10.47626/2237-6089-2024-0791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that has been linked to dysregulation in the cholinergic and endocannabinoid (EC) systems. This study systematically reviews the present literature on treatment strategies aimed at enhancing the activity of both systems in ASD models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a systematic evaluation of literatures that investigated the effects of different therapeutic interventions on the components of the cholinergic and EC systems in ASD models, following the guidelines provided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Four databases were searched: Google Scholar, Web of science, EMBASE, and MEDLINE/PubMed, for articles published from August 2012 to February 2023. References cited in the selected research papers were also examined. Twelve papers (five on the cholinergic system, six on the EC system, and one on both) were reviewed in this study of prior work on relevant treatment strategies that impact these systems. The paper cites a total of 77 studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of research revealed that different therapeutic interventions downregulated cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptors, and the system's hydrolyzing enzymes and upregulated EC, alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR), and ACh signaling molecules. Regulation of the components of the cholinergic and EC systems by these therapies generally enhanced behaviors in ASD models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is possible that the therapeutic interventions assessed in one or both of these systems may be effective for treating the core ASD-associated phenotype. The benefits of the therapeutic interventions reviewed in this study merit further investigation in randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"e20240791"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12962366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"I can't get no satisfaction: burnout, stress, and depression in Latin medical students.","authors":"Madeleine Morris, Luiza Palmieri Serrano, Krina Patel, Jorge Cervantes","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2024-0818","DOIUrl":"10.47626/2237-6089-2024-0818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress, known as burnout syndrome (BS), is not only affecting the medical workforce but medical students in training. Gender, race, ethnicity, and potentially other variables can serve as significant risk factors contributing to BS among medical students. Despite the importance of understanding these disparities, very few studies in the U.S. have analyzed race or ethnicity amongst their cohorts. However, there exists extensive information on burnout in students from Latin America, which serves as the primary focus of this review. A systematic literature search was conducted using pertinent terms in English and Spanish. Our review found that the prevalence of BS in Latin American countries varies widely, ranging from 4.3 to 43.90% pre-COVID-19 pandemic. Variability in the educational environment and the complex interplay of cultural, academic, and systemic factors appear to contributing to burnout among students. Post-pandemic investigations reveal even higher prevalences, particularly among women. High rates of depression and anxiety are also reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. The reviewed data showed that BS can become further exacerbated and complicated by existing psychiatric comorbidities amongst Latin American medical students. It is possible that we may observe continued upward trajectories in burnout trends among both healthcare workers and medical students in this post-COVID-19 pandemic era. These insights call for tailored interventions addressing not only burnout but also the interconnected mental health challenges faced by medical students in Latin America.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"e20240818"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12962368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Worry related to climate change in Brazilian adults.","authors":"Maria Nieves, Karen Jansen","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2024-0905","DOIUrl":"10.47626/2237-6089-2024-0905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Climate change is happening and feeling anxiety can be seen as a natural response to it. Climate anxiety is worry about the climate crisis and can be related to specific emotions and thoughts. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of worry about climate change and describe the emotions and thoughts associated with it in Brazilian adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with participants aged 18-42 years (n = 323). Data were collected online using a questionnaire developed by Hickman et al., which assesses worry, thoughts, and feelings about climate change.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>88.5% of the participants were worried about climate change. Those who were worried reported feelings of sadness, powerlessness, fear, and anxiety more often. The most frequent thoughts were \"People have failed to take care of the planet,\" \"The future is frightening,\" \"My family's security will be threatened,\" and \"Humanity is doomed.\"</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In this sample, the majority of the individuals were concerned about climate change and showed more negative emotions and thoughts when compared to individuals who were not concerned. Future studies should take care not to interpret natural worries and anxiety responses to climate change as pathological.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"e20240905"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12962364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concealing, tolerating, and adjusting to emotions in obsessive-compulsive and anxiety disorders: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Carla P Loureiro, Emma M Thompson, Luana D Laurito, Maria E Moreira-de-Oliveira, Rafaela V Dias, Gabriela B de Menezes, Leonardo F Fontenelle","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2023-0652","DOIUrl":"10.47626/2237-6089-2023-0652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Although research has shown that mood and anxiety disorders manifest disturbed emotion regulation, it is unclear whether anxiety disorders differ from each other in terms of their emotion regulation strategies. In the present study, we investigated whether patients with anxiety disorders present different affective styles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed the affective styles of 32 obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients, 29 social anxiety disorder (SAD) patients, 29 panic disorder (PD) patients, and 20 healthy controls using the Affective Style Questionnaire (ASQ). A multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was conducted to compare affective styles across groups (OCD, SAD, PD, and control), while controlling for depression, anxiety symptoms, and age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MANCOVA revealed a significant, small-medium, main effect of diagnostic group on affective styles. The planned contrasts revealed that OCD and SAD patients reported significantly lower scores for \"tolerance\" (ASQ-T) compared to the healthy controls. There were no differences between the PD group and healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings provide evidence that individuals with OCD and SAD have difficulty tolerating strong emotions existing in the present moment in an open and non-defensive way.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"e20230652"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12611328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9923448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric properties of the Death Anxiety Scale for adult chronic patients.","authors":"Ximena Palacios-Espinosa, Ricardo Sánchez Pedraza, Ana-María Gómez-Carvajal, Juan Sebastián Botero-Meneses, Diana María Escallón, Diego Armando Leal","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2023-0630","DOIUrl":"10.47626/2237-6089-2023-0630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Death anxiety (DA) is a predictor of exacerbation of both physical and psychological symptoms of chronic diseases. Therefore, having short and easy-to-apply instruments to assess the presence of DA and adopting a multidisciplinary approach to address it are important. This study analyzes the psychometric properties of the Death Anxiety Scale (DAS), originally developed by Donald Templer, in a Colombian population of adult patients diagnosed with a chronic disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The original instrument was linguistically, conceptually, and culturally adapted to Colombian Spanish to be subsequently administered to 301 adult patients with chronic diseases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure, which explained 47% of variance. Internal consistency was demonstrated (Cronbach's alpha: 0.71; McDonald's omega: 0.76; Guttman's lambda 6 [G6]: 0.74; greatest lower bound: 0.54). A correlation coefficient of 0.64 was found between the total score of the DAS and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When comparing the results with the versions of the DAS in Spanish from Mexico and Spain, variability in the psychometric properties was observed. Language cannot therefore be assumed to be a guarantee of the reliability and validity of the instrument.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"e20230630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12611330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9776830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medication non-adherence in depression: a systematic review and metanalysis.","authors":"Roseane Dorte Halkjaer-Lassen, Walter S Gonçalves, Bruno R Gherman, Evandro S F Coutinho, Antonio E Nardi, Maria A A Peres, José Carlos Appolinario","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2023-0680","DOIUrl":"10.47626/2237-6089-2023-0680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Medication non-adherence is frequently reported in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The objective of this review is to consolidate data on the prevalence of non-adherence to antidepressant in MDD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline and the protocol was registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the number CRD42021199987. Studies assessing medication adherence in MDD were searched in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and PsycINFO. The data extraction was performed by two independents authors. Meta-analysis used random effects model and performed a subgroup analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the articles retrieved, 11 studies were considered eligible for the final analysis. Most of them assessed non-adherence by self-report scales, followed by Pharmacy Dispensation Records, Monitoring Events Medication System (MEMS), and blood tests. The pooled proportion of non-adherence was 42% (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 30-54), but heterogeneity was very large (I² = 99%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Data from the selected studies suggests that a high number of individuals with MDD do not adequately take their medication as prescribed. The high heterogenicity of measures used for the assessment of adherence may have impacted the great variability of the results. The results suggest it is necessary that health care professionals should address this issue in order to achieve a better treatment outcome in major depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"e20230680"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12908919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139404738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and suitability of adding short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) to pharmacotherapy in patients with depressive disorders: a systematic review.","authors":"Gabriele Di Salvo, Camilla Perotti, Valerio Ricci, Giuseppe Maina, Gianluca Rosso","doi":"10.47626/2237-6089-2023-0764","DOIUrl":"10.47626/2237-6089-2023-0764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Recent guidelines on depressive disorders suggest a combination of antidepressants and psychotherapy in case of moderate to severe symptomatology. While cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (ITP) are the most investigated interventions, psychodynamic psychotherapies have been less explored. The aim of this paper is to systematically review literature data on the efficacy of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) in combination with antidepressants in the treatment of depressive disorders, focusing on both short and long-term results and on potential moderators that could influence its effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Databases searched were PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, from inception to August 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adding STPP to medications in the first 6 months of treatment did not influence remission rates, but did improve acceptability, work adjustment, interpersonal relationships, social role functioning, hospitalization rates, and cost-effectiveness. After 12 months, a significant difference in remission rates arose, favoring combined therapy. From a long-term perspective, adding STPP to pharmacotherapy reduced the recurrence rate by almost 50%. STPP has proven to be more effective in longer depressive episodes, in more severe depression, and in patients with a history of childhood abuse. However, STPP had no impact on major depressive disorder (MDD) with comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Combining STPP with antidepressants appeared to be helpful from both short-term and long-term perspectives. Still, there are few rigorous studies with large samples and further research is needed to identify which subgroups of patients may benefit more from STPP.</p>","PeriodicalId":46305,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"e20230764"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12904270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140866110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}