Radiological Physics and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Noise characteristics in synthetic mammography derived from digital breast tomosynthesis: a comparison with conventional digital mammography.","authors":"Sho Maruyama, Hiroki Saitou, Kazumi Sogabe","doi":"10.1007/s12194-026-01074-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12194-026-01074-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synthetic mammography (SM) derived from digital breast tomosynthesis differs fundamentally from conventional digital mammography (DM) in noise characteristics; however, these differences remain poorly understood. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize the noise structures unique to SM and to clarify their physical origins through comparison with DM. SM and DM images were analyzed using a multi-perspective framework that integrated the normalized noise power spectrum (NPS), noise factor analysis based on the relative standard deviation method, subtraction-based analysis, and pixel-wise signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) maps. Directional NPS was evaluated to assess anisotropy, while subtracted images were used to distinguish fixed-pattern noise from processing-related noise. Noise factor analysis was applied to quantify Poisson, multiplicative, and additive noise contributions, and SNR maps derived from repeated acquisitions were used to evaluate pixel-level reproducibility. Compared with DM, SM images exhibited pronounced anisotropy and stronger spatial correlation in the NPS, reflecting structural noise introduced during image synthesis. The NPS of subtracted images closely matched that of the original SM images, indicating that the dominant noise components were not spatially fixed patterns but rather randomly generated structural texture noise. Noise factor analysis demonstrated that multiplicative noise dominated SM images across all dose levels. No clear differences were observed in the SNR maps, whereas the non-stationary nature of SM noise was confirmed. These results demonstrate that SM noise is dominated by randomly generated structural textures with strong spatial correlations. The findings further emphasize the need for multi-perspective and task-based approaches for accurate assessment and effective clinical utilization of SM images.</p>","PeriodicalId":46252,"journal":{"name":"Radiological Physics and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1017-1028"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148151767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose rate dependence of incorrect sensing and triggering of defibrillation in cardiac implantable electronic devices: single manufacturer result with kV beam.","authors":"Hiroaki Matsubara, Shina Watanabe, Karin Shimosaka, Ryushi Kanou, Takehiro Yoshida, Hideaki Hashizume, Masaru Yamamoto","doi":"10.1007/s12194-026-01085-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12194-026-01085-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An incorrect triggering condition owing to irradiation of a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) with a defibrillation function has not yet reached consideration. This study aimed to experimentally examine the dose rate dependence on incorrect sensing and triggering for defibrillation, as either direct or indirect irradiation of a CIED requires numerical explanation by the dose rate. Four devices were directly irradiated by X-ray beams of 160 kV at dose rates to the device surfaces of 50- 3600 cGy/min. The devices were set to a VVI mode of 60 bpm, where the function for defibrillation was deactivated for safety reasons. Wave signals monitored on an electrocardiogram were recorded as a movie. During the 15-second irradiation time, the number and the time interval of incorrect sensing caused by irradiation were counted. The dose rate, considering the attenuation effect in the titanium case, was calculated as 11 - 800 cGy/min. It has been clearly observed that the ratio of incorrect sensing and the reach rate of incorrect triggering for defibrillation depend on the dose rate as well as on the sensing threshold level. The dose dependence was well reproduced by an error function. Extrapolation of the present result from a single manufacturer's result predicts that an incorrect triggering of shock therapy would not occur if the sensing threshold level were set at higher than 0.9 mV for X-ray kV beams at a dose rate of 600 cGy/min. This was therefore the first study of a safe condition against incorrect defibrillation caused by direct irradiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46252,"journal":{"name":"Radiological Physics and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1077-1088"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148273355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardizing patient safety information for CT and MRI examinations: development of standard candidate items with HL7 FHIR mapping.","authors":"Takumi Tanikawa, Minoru Kawamata, Yousuke Aoki, Yuji Tani, Seiji Yahata, Yasunari Shiokawa, Koji Koizumi, Mitsuhiro Nakamae, Hiroshi Sakamoto","doi":"10.1007/s12194-026-01095-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12194-026-01095-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For the safe performance of CT and MRI examinations, it is essential to confirm patient information, including any contrast agent allergies and implanted metallic devices. However, the data items collected and their management methods vary among facilities, and the extent of this variation remains unclear. This study aimed to identify commonly used patient safety data items in CT and MRI examinations, propose standard candidate items, and evaluate their conceptual resource-level mapping to HL7 FHIR resources to promote interoperability. A nationwide questionnaire survey was conducted in April 2024, targeting 4,274 medical institutions in Japan equipped with radiology examination ordering systems. The survey investigated the management status of data items-including examination ordering, contrast agent safety, MRI safety, and general safety management-across different systems (EMR/CPOE and RIS). Items with a usage rate of 80% or higher were extracted as standard candidate items. Responses were received from 782 facilities (18.3%). Ten items were identified as standard candidate items: purpose of examination (95.4%), disease name (87.5%), examination site (99.9%), contrast agent allergy (84.5%), creatinine (88.2%), eGFR (87.1%), infection (92.3%), and drug allergy (86.0%), along with pacemakers/ICDs (87.0%) and implanted metals (82.4%) among MRI-equipped facilities (n = 638). All 10 items could be mapped to HL7 FHIR R4 resources, and 6 of them had dedicated profiles in the JP Core FHIR Implementation Guide v1.1.2. This study identified data items commonly used for patient safety in CT and MRI examinations, confirmed the conceptual resource-level mapping to FHIR, and provided a foundation for standardization and interoperability.</p>","PeriodicalId":46252,"journal":{"name":"Radiological Physics and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1129-1140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive 3D-CRT with CCRT for head and neck cancer: resource limited single center experience in Bangladesh.","authors":"Al-Amin, Pretam K Das, Samiron Kumar Saha, Abdul Mannan, Afroja Begum Tania, Samiul Alim, Priyanka Poddar, Abul Hasnat, Rafiqul Islam","doi":"10.1007/s12194-026-01105-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12194-026-01105-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anatomical changes during Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) radiotherapy can compromise target volume dose coverage and Organs at Risk (OARs) sparing. This study evaluated the volumetric, dosimetric, clinical, and cost-effectiveness impacts of Adaptive Radiotherapy (ART) in HNC patients treated with Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and Con-Current Chemo-Radiotherapy (CCRT) in resource-limited settings. Fifteen patients with advanced HNC were treated using 3D-CRT with CCRT to a total dose of 70 Gray (Gy) in 35 fractions. A repeat Computed Tomography (re-CT) simulation was performed at 44 Gy due to anatomical changes such as weight loss and tumor shrinkage during the treatment. Adaptive plans were generated using the re-CT images. Pre- and re-CT simulation images were fused, and Planning Target Volumes (PTVs) from the initial and adaptive plans were compared to evaluate the volumetric changes. Adaptive plans were then compared with the initial plans using Dose-Volume Histograms (DVHs), and dosimetric variations in Gross Tumor Volume (GTV), Clinical Target Volume (CTV), and PTV were evaluated. Target coverage deterioration observed with 3D-CRT was mitigated by ART, resulting in improved coverage for both high- and low-dose target volumes compared with the accumulated planned dose. The mean body weight ratio was 0.88 (12% weight loss), and the mean PTV volume ratio up to 44 Gy was 0.76 (24% reduction). Adaptive plans reduced the relative mean dose to the spinal cord 3.2%, brainstem 1.4%, ipsilateral parotid 4.10%, contralateral parotid 2.75%, esophagus 7.40%, mandible 3.60%, and oral cavity 5.60%, while dose coverage of GTV, CTV, and PTV improved by 3.50%, 3.06%, and 2.67%, respectively. ART combined with 3D-CRT and CCRT enhances target coverage while reducing doses to OARs. Re-CT-based adaptive planning at approximately 44 Gy appears to be a feasible and cost-effective strategy for maintaining dosimetric accuracy and adapting to volumetric changes in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":46252,"journal":{"name":"Radiological Physics and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1241-1254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148593986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal feasibility evaluation of SAM-Med3D for cervical cancer clinical target volume segmentation on planning computed tomography.","authors":"Bo-Ying Li, Ting Fan, Jia-Yan Chen, Yu-Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12194-026-01092-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12194-026-01092-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate delineation of cervical cancer clinical target volume (CTV) remains labor-intensive and variable. This retrospective single-center study internally evaluated a SAM-Med3D baseline initialized from public pretrained weights and fine-tuned on the study training cohort for prompted cervical cancer CTV segmentation on planning CT. The eligible cohort comprised 182 cases split into training ([Formula: see text]), validation ([Formula: see text]), and temporally subsequent independent test ([Formula: see text]) sets. CT scans were resampled, normalized, and prepared as label-centered 128 × 128 × 128 patches. The SAM-Med3D model was initialized from public pretrained weights and fine-tuned on the training cohort without architectural modification, then assessed with simulated/oracle-guided prompts at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 clicks using Dice, HD95, 3-mm surface Dice, and volume consistency. Mean Dice increased from 0.827 at 1 click to a peak of 0.835 at 7 clicks and was 0.833 at 11 clicks. HD95 decreased from 12.46 mm at 1 click to 9.48 mm at 9 clicks and 10.18 mm at 11 clicks, and 3-mm surface Dice increased from 0.707 to 0.721 at 7 clicks. Thus, multi-click prompting produced modest improvements that plateaued at later clicks. A supplementary risk-guided prompt-selection pilot was performed on the same test set but was treated only as exploratory. Because patch extraction and prompt generation used reference-contour information, all analyses represent controlled upper-bound evidence. This study provides an internal feasibility baseline for promptable cervical cancer CTV segmentation; label-free ROI selection, full-volume inference, external validation, and clinician-in-the-loop testing remain necessary before clinical deployment.</p>","PeriodicalId":46252,"journal":{"name":"Radiological Physics and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1168-1178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148686374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-kVp techniques for radiation dose optimization in abdominopelvic contrast-enhanced CT: a scoping review.","authors":"Nitika C Panakkal, Rajagopal Kadavigere, Suresh Sukumar, N Ravishankar, Shivanath Shanbhag, Visakh Thrivikraman Nair","doi":"10.1007/s12194-026-01063-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12194-026-01063-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the abdomen and pelvis is widely used for diagnostic imaging but contributes substantially to cumulative medical radiation exposure. Low tube voltage (kVp) imaging has gained attention as a practical strategy for radiation dose optimization while maintaining diagnostic image quality.The study aimed to map the current evidence on low-kVp techniques for radiation dose reduction in adult abdominopelvic CECT and evaluate their effects on radiation dose and image quality. This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Arksey and O'Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A systematic search of Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL identified studies published between 2000 and 2025 that reported low-kVp dose optimization strategies in adult patients. Data were extracted on scanner characteristics, tube voltage settings, reconstruction techniques, and reported dose reductions. Thirteen studies (sample size: 30-907) patients were included. Tube voltage settings ranged from 80 to 120 kVp, with 80 kVp consistently achieving substantial dose reductions (11-86%), particularly when combined with hybrid, model-based, or deep learning reconstruction algorithms that mitigated image noise and preserved diagnostic confidence. Automatic tube voltage selection and patient size-adapted protocols further supported individualized dose optimization. However, considerable heterogeneity in imaging protocols, reconstruction methods, and dose metrics limited comparability across studies. Low-kVp imaging is an effective approach for reducing radiation dose in contrast-enhanced abdominopelvic CT without compromising diagnostic adequacy. Standardized reporting and large prospective multicenter studies are needed to establish optimal protocols and support broader clinical implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46252,"journal":{"name":"Radiological Physics and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"899-909"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148151756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of super-resolution deep learning reconstruction on three-dimensional constructive interference in steady state for enhanced visualization of vestibular schwannomas.","authors":"Akira Katayama, Koichiro Yasaka, Miori Fujimoto, Yusuke Asari, Satoru Kamio, Jun Kanzawa, Yuki Sonoda, Shigeru Kiryu, Osamu Abe","doi":"10.1007/s12194-026-01073-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12194-026-01073-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We evaluated whether, compared with conventional deep learning reconstruction (DLR) and zero-filling interpolation (ZIP), super-resolution DLR (SR-DLR) enhances the visualization of vestibular schwannomas and cranial nerves in three-dimensional constructive interference in steady state (3D-CISS) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. This retrospective study analyzed 39 patients with vestibular schwannomas who underwent 3T MR imaging with 3D-CISS. Axial images were reconstructed using SR-DLR, DLR, and ZIP. Three readers independently evaluated tumor depiction, depiction of facial and vestibulocochlear nerves, sharpness, noise, artifacts, and diagnostic acceptability. Quantitative indicators included edge rise distance (ERD) and edge rise slope (ERS) measured along a linear region of interest (ROI) drawn perpendicularly across the tumor-cistern cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) boundary, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and contrast ratio (CR) calculated from circular ROIs (3-5 mm) placed in the tumor and prepontine CSF. SR-DLR significantly improved visualization of vestibular schwannoma and facial and vestibulocochlear nerves compared with ZIP (p < 0.001). Nerve depiction ratings varied between readers when comparing SR-DLR and DLR. SR-DLR yielded significantly better sharpness, lower ERD and higher ERS than both DLR and ZIP (p < 0.001). Artifacts showed no significant differences. No clear deterioration in noise was noted. Objectively, SR-DLR showed significantly higher CR than DLR (p = 0.023) and ZIP (p < 0.001). SNR and CNR were significantly higher with SR-DLR than ZIP, but comparable to DLR. SR-DLR improves sharpness and lesion conspicuity on 3D-CISS imaging without a clear increase in artifacts or noise compared with ZIP.</p>","PeriodicalId":46252,"journal":{"name":"Radiological Physics and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"988-997"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CDSegNet: a multi-scale convolution and attention mechanism U-shaped network for Crohn's disease lesion segmentation.","authors":"Peipei Wang, Yu Liu, Yuanjun Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12194-026-01081-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12194-026-01081-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate segmentation of Crohn's disease (CD) lesions from computed tomography enterography (CTE) cross-sectional images is crucial for diagnosing CD patients and may assist in developing a personalized treatment plan. However, to the best of our knowledge, studies on automatic CD lesion segmentation remain limited. This paper proposes a novel model (named CDSegNet) based on the U-Net to improve the segmentation of CD lesions. The model integrates a residual dilated and standard convolution feature extract (RDCFE) module to enhance fine-grained and global feature extraction while preserving information flow. Furthermore, a residual attention feature extraction (RAFE) module is introduced in the decoder to refine features and sharpen ambiguous lesion boundaries. In addition, a multi-scale convolution module is designed to aggregate features from different receptive fields to improve robustness across varying lesion sizes. Finally, Intersection over Union (IoU), Recall, Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), and Hausdorff distance (HD) are employed to quantitatively assess the model performance. The Recall, IoU, HD, and DSC of the CDSegNet are 0.867, 0.820, 23.28, and 0.895, respectively. Compared to the baseline model U-Net on our dataset, the IoU, HD, and DSC improve by 11.6%, 3.21, and 10.4%, respectively. Experiment results demonstrate that CDSegNet exhibits competitive performance under the current experimental setting, with particular strengths in segmenting small and medium lesions and achieving stable segmentation across all test images. However, further validation is needed prior to clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":46252,"journal":{"name":"Radiological Physics and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1055-1067"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148240194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coplanar versus non-coplanar volumetric modulated arc therapy for hippocampal avoidance whole brain radiotherapy using Monte Carlo-based planning system.","authors":"Surendran Jagadeesan, Majed Alghamdi, Karthikeyan Kalyanasundaram, Moaz Mohammed, Yoginee Sonawane, Raad Sweidan, Yousra Naduthodi, Humaid O Al-Shamsi, Ibrahim Abu-Gheida","doi":"10.1007/s12194-026-01097-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12194-026-01097-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This retrospective study evaluates the dosimetric performance of coplanar versus non-coplanar volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for hippocampal avoidance whole-brain radiotherapy (HA-WBRT) using the Monaco treatment planning system. Ten patients were replanned using four techniques: three coplanar configurations with two, three, and four arcs, and one plan with both coplanar and non-coplanar arcs. A prescription of 30 Gy in 10 fractions was delivered to the planning target volume (PTV). Increasing the number of coplanar arcs improved target coverage and homogeneity, with the four-arc coplanar plan achieving PTV coverage, conformity, and homogeneity comparable to the non-coplanar approach. All techniques met protocol constraints for hippocampal and organ-at-risk doses, although non-coplanar VMAT produced the lowest absolute hippocampal doses. Non-coplanar plans required higher monitor units and longer treatment times. Four-arc coplanar VMAT demonstrated comparable dosimetric performance with improved delivery efficiency, supporting its use as a practical alternative in settings where non-coplanar delivery is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":46252,"journal":{"name":"Radiological Physics and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1427-1433"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148449829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photon beam energy selection for scalp dose reduction in whole-brain radiotherapy: a benchmark phantom study.","authors":"Takahiro Kato, Daiki Senzaki, Takaomi Harada, Hisashi Sato","doi":"10.1007/s12194-026-01071-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12194-026-01071-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To evaluate the effects of photon beam energy on region-specific scalp dose and target coverage in whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT), with additional assessment of field configuration. This study was conducted as a benchmark dosimetric investigation using an anthropomorphic head phantom. WBRT plans were generated with a field-in-field technique and lateral opposed fields. Photon beam energies of 4, 6, 8, 10, and 15 MV were assessed under two field configurations: an open-field plan and a close-field plan without air space. The scalp was segmented into four anatomical regions. Dosimetric evaluation included planning target volume coverage, homogeneity index, scalp D_2cc, and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) for permanent alopecia based on generalized equivalent uniform dose. Lens and cochlear doses were also analyzed. PTV coverage and dose homogeneity were comparable across beam energies. In all scalp regions, dose decreased with increasing photon beam energy, with the strongest dependence in the top and back regions. The lowest scalp NTCP was observed at 15 MV, although 8-10 MV yielded comparable reductions. The close-field configuration consistently reduced scalp dose relative to the open-field approach, with a maximum NTCP reduction of approximately 17%. Lens dose was lower with the close-field approach, whereas cochlear dose decreased with decreasing photon beam energy. Photon beam energy selection in WBRT has a clear region-specific impact on scalp dose. Energies of 8-10 MV, particularly with a close-field approach, may provide a practical balance between scalp sparing, OAR protection, and clinical feasibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":46252,"journal":{"name":"Radiological Physics and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1009-1016"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148220231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}