Argumentation最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Argumentation in Suboptimal Settings 次优环境下的论证
IF 1.2 2区 文学
Argumentation Pub Date : 2022-03-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10503-022-09571-9
Diego Castro
{"title":"Argumentation in Suboptimal Settings","authors":"Diego Castro","doi":"10.1007/s10503-022-09571-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10503-022-09571-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>When parties attempt to persuade their opponents of the tenability of a certain standpoint using reasons, they will often find that the circumstances of the dialogue hinder their chances of resolution. Power imbalances, cognitive biases, lack of time or hidden interests are some of the circumstances they need to face. I will label these circumstances as <i>suboptimal settings for argumentation</i>. According to the pragma-dialectical tradition, higher-order conditions for critical discussion are unfulfilled in these cases (van Eemeren, Grootendorst, Jacobs, &amp; Jackson, 1993). The main question of this paper is the following: what is the normative standard that parties in a discussion need to follow to arrive at a resolution within such circumstances? I will defend a middle-ground solution between two extreme ones.</p><p>The first extreme position, the <i>anything-goes policy</i>, claims that, given that the conditions for a reasonable exchange of reasons are not satisfied, the dialogue stands outside the domain of reason, so anything goes for the parties. The second extreme position, the <i>business as usual policy</i>, claims that, since critical discussion is a normative model, the same rules should apply in suboptimal settings. Finally, the <i>supernormal policy</i> that I defend claims that we need a more general and comprehensive norm that I refer to as a <i>supernorm</i> to evaluate these cases.</p><p>The supernormal policy divides argumentation into two stages: preparation and resolution. In the preparation stage, the parties attempt to restore or compensate for the suboptimality of the setting, while in the resolution stage, they attempt to resolve their disagreement. I contend that the moves of the preparation stage should be evaluated by using the supernorm instead of by the rules for critical discussion (van Eemeren and Grootendorst 2004). At this point, the paper considers theoretical insights from Gilbert (1995, 1997, 2002) and Jacobs (2000, 2006) to understand what this entails.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46219,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation","volume":"36 3","pages":"393 - 414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10503-022-09571-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50520429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Demanding a halt to metadiscussions 要求停止元讨论
IF 1.2 2区 文学
Argumentation Pub Date : 2022-03-25 DOI: 10.1007/s10503-022-09569-3
Beth Innocenti
{"title":"Demanding a halt to metadiscussions","authors":"Beth Innocenti","doi":"10.1007/s10503-022-09569-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10503-022-09569-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>How do social actors get addressees to stop retreating to metadiscussions that derail ground-level discussions, and why do they expect the strategies to work? The question is of both theoretical and practical interest, especially with regard to ground-level discussions of systemic sexism and racism derailed by qualifying “not all men” and “not all white people” perform the sexist or racist actions that are the topic of discussion. I use a normative pragmatic approach to analyze two exemplary messages designed to halt retreats to metadiscussions about using “not all men” and “not all white people” qualifiers in discussions of systemic sexism and racism. I find that social actors use strategies that may at first glance appear to be out of bounds in an ideal critical discussion—e.g., demanding, shouting, cussing, sarcasm, name-calling—to cultivate a context where using not-all qualifiers becomes increasingly costly. The strategies are designed to get addressees to recognize that using not-all qualifiers is not an epistemic correction of a hasty generalization or ethical intervention to halt promulgation of stereotypes about men and white people. Instead, the strategies display that using not-all qualifiers is a fallible sign of willful hermeneutical ignorance, willful ignorance, and an attempt to reassert a measure of social dominance. These findings affirm the need to investigate the various strategies and normative materials social actors actually bring to bear to regulate disagreement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46219,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation","volume":"36 3","pages":"345 - 364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50513454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Secundum Quid and the Pragmatics of Arguments. The Challenges of the Dialectical Tradition 世俗测验与辩论的实用主义。辩证法传统的挑战
IF 1.2 2区 文学
Argumentation Pub Date : 2022-03-05 DOI: 10.1007/s10503-022-09568-4
Fabrizio Macagno
{"title":"Secundum Quid and the Pragmatics of Arguments. The Challenges of the Dialectical Tradition","authors":"Fabrizio Macagno","doi":"10.1007/s10503-022-09568-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10503-022-09568-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The phrase <i>secundum quid et simpliciter</i> is the Latin expression translating and labelling the sophism described by Aristotle as connected with the use of some particular expression “absolutely or in a certain respect and not in its proper sense.” This paper presents an overview of the analysis of this fallacy in the history of dialectics, reconstructing the different explanations provided in the Aristotelian texts, the Latin and medieval dialectical tradition, and the modern logical approaches. The <i>secundum quid</i> emerges as a strategy that is based on the pragmatic dimension of arguments, and in particular the complex passage from an utterance (what is said) to its logical form (a proposition in an argument). The medieval and modern logical theories attempted to explain from different philosophical perspectives how the pragmatically enriched semantic representation can be achieved, justified, and most importantly manipulated. The different analyses of this fallacy bring to light various dimensions of the pragmatics of arguments, and the complex interdependence between context, meaning, and inferences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46219,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation","volume":"36 3","pages":"317 - 343"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50453210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Internal Deliberation Defending Climate-Harmful Behavior 内部商议保护气候有害行为
IF 1.2 2区 文学
Argumentation Pub Date : 2022-02-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10503-021-09562-2
Maria Wolrath Söderberg, Nina Wormbs
{"title":"Internal Deliberation Defending Climate-Harmful Behavior","authors":"Maria Wolrath Söderberg,&nbsp;Nina Wormbs","doi":"10.1007/s10503-021-09562-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10503-021-09562-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Most people in countries with the highest climate impact per capita are well aware of the climate crisis and do not deny the science. They worry about climate and have climate engaged attitudes. Still, their greenhouse-gas emissions are often high. How can we understand acting contrary to our knowledge? A simple answer is that we do not want to give up on benefits or compromise our quality of life. However, it is painful to live with discrepancies between knowledge and action. To be able to avoid taking the consequences of our knowledge, we deal with the gap by motivating to ourselves that the action is still acceptable. In this article, we use topical analysis to examine such processes of motivation by looking at the internal deliberation of 399 climate engaged people’s accounts of their reasoning when acting against their own knowledge. We found that these topical processes can be described in at least four different ways which we call rationalization, legitimization, justification and imploration. By focusing on topoi we can make visible how individual forms of reasoning interact with culturally developed values, habits and assumptions in creating enthymemes. We believe that these insights can contribute to understanding the conditions for climate transition communication.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46219,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation","volume":"36 2","pages":"203 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10503-021-09562-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50448706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Charles Arthur Willard (1945–2021): In Memoriam 查尔斯·亚瑟·威拉德(1945–2021):纪念
IF 1.2 2区 文学
Argumentation Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10503-022-09567-5
Barbara J. O’Keefe, Daniel J. O’Keefe
{"title":"Charles Arthur Willard (1945–2021): In Memoriam","authors":"Barbara J. O’Keefe,&nbsp;Daniel J. O’Keefe","doi":"10.1007/s10503-022-09567-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10503-022-09567-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46219,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation","volume":"36 1","pages":"151 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50438598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why We Need Skepticism in Argument: Skeptical Engagement as a Requirement for Epistemic Justice 为什么我们在辩论中需要怀疑论:怀疑论参与是认识正义的要求
IF 1.2 2区 文学
Argumentation Pub Date : 2022-01-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10503-021-09565-z
Lucy Alsip Vollbrecht
{"title":"Why We Need Skepticism in Argument: Skeptical Engagement as a Requirement for Epistemic Justice","authors":"Lucy Alsip Vollbrecht","doi":"10.1007/s10503-021-09565-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10503-021-09565-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Argumentative Adversariality debate is over the question of whether argument must be adversarial. A particular locus of this debate is on skeptical challenges in critical dialogue. The Default Skeptical Stance (DSS) in argument is a practical manifestation of argumentative adversariality. Views about the on-the-ground value of the DSS vary. On one hand, in “The Social &amp; Political Limitations of Philosophy” (2012), Phyllis Rooney argues that the DSS leads to epistemic injustice. On the other, Allan Hazlett in his recent piece “Critical Injustice” (2020) argues for the virtues of the skeptical stance in terms of epistemic justice. Both Rooney and Hazlett are concerned with the role skeptical engagement plays in argument, but they assign opposite values to it. In this essay, I review Rooney and Hazlett’s examples and (i) show that the epistemic dysfunction in the two scholar’s going cases is one and the same, and (ii) argue that the cause of both is a lack of proper skeptical engagement. <i>Skeptical engagement is a requirement for epistemic justice.</i> Together (i) and (ii) constitute an initial defense of the Adversarialist position against objections regarding the social epistemic risk of the skeptical stance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46219,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation","volume":"36 2","pages":"269 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50470895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bothsiderism Bothsiderism。
IF 1.2 2区 文学
Argumentation Pub Date : 2022-01-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10503-021-09563-1
Scott F. Aikin, John P. Casey
{"title":"Bothsiderism","authors":"Scott F. Aikin,&nbsp;John P. Casey","doi":"10.1007/s10503-021-09563-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10503-021-09563-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper offers an account of a fallacy we will call <i>bothsiderism</i>, which is to mistake disagreement on an issue for evidence that either a compromise on, suspension of judgment regarding, or continued discussion of the issue is in order. Our view is that this is a fallacy of a unique and heretofore untheorized type, a fallacy of meta-argumentation. The paper develops as follows. After a brief introduction, we examine a recent bothsiderist case in American politics. We use this as a pivot point to survey the theoretical literature on the fallacy. The most prominent theory is that bothsiderism is a case of dialogue-shifting. This view fails, we maintain, to explain how bothsiderism might be persuasive. We argue, rather, bothsiderism is a kind of meta-argumentative fallacy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46219,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation","volume":"36 2","pages":"249 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10503-021-09563-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39938536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Arguments and Reason-Giving 争论与理性陈述
IF 1.2 2区 文学
Argumentation Pub Date : 2022-01-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10503-021-09561-3
Matthew W. McKeon
{"title":"Arguments and Reason-Giving","authors":"Matthew W. McKeon","doi":"10.1007/s10503-021-09561-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10503-021-09561-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Arguments figure prominently in our practices of reason-giving. For example, we use them to advance reasons for their conclusions in order to justify believing something, to explain why we believe something, and to persuade others to believe something. Intuitively, using arguments in these ways requires a certain degree of self-reflection. In this paper, I ask: what cognitive requirements are there for using an argument to advance reasons for its conclusion? Towards a partial response, the paper’s central thesis is that in order to so use an argument one must believe the associated inference claim to the effect that the premises collectively are reasons that support the conclusion. I then argue against making it a further cognitive requirement that one be aware of one’s justification for believing such an inference claim. This thesis provides a rationale for the typical informal-logic textbook characterization of argument and motivates a constraint on adequate accounts of what are referred to as inference claims in the informal logic and argumentation literatures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46219,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation","volume":"36 2","pages":"229 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10503-021-09561-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50465402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
From Theory of Rhetoric to the Practice of Language Use: The Case of Appeals to Ethos Elements 从修辞理论到语言使用实践——以民族元素诉求为例
IF 1.2 2区 文学
Argumentation Pub Date : 2022-01-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10503-021-09564-0
Marcin Koszowy, Katarzyna Budzynska, Martín Pereira-Fariña, Rory Duthie
{"title":"From Theory of Rhetoric to the Practice of Language Use: The Case of Appeals to Ethos Elements","authors":"Marcin Koszowy,&nbsp;Katarzyna Budzynska,&nbsp;Martín Pereira-Fariña,&nbsp;Rory Duthie","doi":"10.1007/s10503-021-09564-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10503-021-09564-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In their book <i>Commitment in Dialogue</i>, Walton and Krabbe claim that formal dialogue systems for conversational argumentation are “not very realistic and not easy to apply”. This difficulty may make argumentation theory less well adapted to be employed to describe or analyse actual argumentation practice. On the other hand, the empirical study of real-life arguments may miss or ignore insights of more than the two millennia of the development of philosophy of language, rhetoric, and argumentation theory. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology for adapting such theories to serve as applicable tools in the study of argumentation phenomena. Our approach is both <i>theoretically-informed</i> and <i>empirically-grounded</i> in large-scale corpus analysis. The area of interest are appeals to ethos, the character of the speaker, building upon Aristotle’s rhetoric. Ethotic techniques are used to influence the hearers through the communication, where speakers might establish, but also emphasise, weaken or undermine their own or others’ credibility and trustworthiness. Specifically, we apply our method to Aristotelian theory of ethos elements which identifies <i>practical wisdom</i>, <i>moral virtue</i> and <i>goodwill</i> as components of speakers’ character, which can be supported or attacked. The challenges we identified in this case and the solutions we proposed allow us to formulate general guidelines of how to exploit rich theoretical frameworks to the analysis of the practice of language use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46219,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation","volume":"36 1","pages":"123 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10503-021-09564-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50444765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
The Cultural Embeddedness of Arguments Raised as a Part of the Bulgarian Debate About the Ratification of the Istanbul Convention 保加利亚关于批准《伊斯坦布尔公约》的辩论中提出的论点的文化嵌入性
IF 1.2 2区 文学
Argumentation Pub Date : 2021-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/s10503-021-09560-4
Hristo Valchev
{"title":"The Cultural Embeddedness of Arguments Raised as a Part of the Bulgarian Debate About the Ratification of the Istanbul Convention","authors":"Hristo Valchev","doi":"10.1007/s10503-021-09560-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10503-021-09560-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper presents an analysis of the cultural embeddedness of arguments, raised as a part of the Bulgarian debate about the ratification of the Istanbul convention. The method I employed was the localization procedure of Generalized Argumentation theory. Through a qualitative analysis of empirical argumentation data, I identified arguments in favour of or against the ratification of the Istanbul convention. Information about the cultural background against which these arguments were raised, i.e. about Bulgarian culture, was gathered from the part of the ninth wave of the European Social Survey that used the Portrait Value Questionnaire—an instrument for measuring human values, based on Schwartz’s theory of human values. By establishing a certain relationship between the arguments and the cultural background information, I came to the conclusion that the debate between the proponents and the opponents of the ratification represented a conflict between the basic values of universalism and tradition, and more particularly, between the lower-order values of equality and respect for tradition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46219,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation","volume":"36 2","pages":"177 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50497461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信