Astrid Molnar, Victoria A Schimpl, Stefanie A Hofer, Lukretia E Marx, Sylvia Kirchengast
{"title":"Does grandpa care, too? - Discriminative grandparental investment is associated with phenotypic resemblance and sociodemographic parameters in an Austrian sample.","authors":"Astrid Molnar, Victoria A Schimpl, Stefanie A Hofer, Lukretia E Marx, Sylvia Kirchengast","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2021/1371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2021/1371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Typical patterns of discriminative grandparental investment i.e. high investment provided by the maternal grandmother and low investment provided by the paternal grandfather, are mainly interpreted based on the \"paternity uncertainty hypothesis\". Accordingly, especially paternal grandfathers are confronted with a double risk of investing in genetically unrelated grandchildren. The present study focuses on the impact of phenotypic resemblance between parents and grandparents on grandparental investment. 94 female and 83 male participants aged 19 to 40 years (x = 27.4; SD = 5.8) were enrolled in the retrospective analysis. An online questionnaire, specifically developed for this study, was used for data collection. In line with predictions, the highest investment, contact frequency and best relationship were found for maternal grandmothers, while paternal grandfathers showed the lowest investment patterns. Phenotypic resemblance between parents and grandfathers enhanced grandfathers' investment significantly, but resemblance had no effect in the case of maternal grandmothers. We conclude that phenotypic similarities can be interpreted as indicators of genetic relatedness and therefore increase grandparental investment among those grandparents, who are confronted with paternity uncertainty, i.e. paternal grandmother and maternal as well as paternal grandfather.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"79 1","pages":"57-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39388066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Secular growth trend characteristics of the body structure in Hungarian athlete boys.","authors":"Anna Farkas, Márta Szmodis","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2021/1436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2021/1436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the present study was to get more knowledge of the nature of athlete boy's secular body changes and to differentiate it from the individual acceleration. A positive secular trend was supposed in athlete youth similar to normal population, but with different extent because of the sport selection. In this study some specific trend characteristics of athlete (basketball player) boys between the 1990<sup>th</sup> and 2010<sup>th</sup> are analyzed and compared to that of the reference values of the Hungarian National Growth Study I and II (HNGS I - 1980's, Eiben et al. 1991; HNGS II - 2003-2006, Bodzsár & Zsákai 2007). The individual data were collected in Budapest (capital) basketball club boys aged 10-15 years (N = 1376). Body measurements were taken by the first author by the request of coaches and parents. Secular trend was characterized by the changes in some of the measured body parameters by three birth cohorts. The secular changes followed a positive trend, though the traditional decade analyses the variables did not follow a balanced, proportional manner of change. The largest difference in body height occurred in 12-years of age, with a total of +8.27 cm height difference between Cohort III and I and +9.31 kg total difference in body mass at the same age, respectively. Some differences in the tendentious changes occurred between the age groups, characteristic shift of the fat content and the trunk/extremity fat ratio increase toward the younger age, and more excessive increase in BMI were found. Though it could be expected to have favourable body composition in young athletes, nowadays some unfavourable changes in the secular growth trend of body structure have been occurred. One explanation could be the less active leisure time spent. Our results can provide more practical information for coaches to enrich their professional attitude towards a better understanding how to choose and modify training methods during the varied growth and developmental process of young athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"79 1","pages":"23-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39402821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comparative digital morphometric study of nasofrontal region in metopic and non-metopic cranial series.","authors":"Silviya Nikolova, Diana Toneva, Nikolai Lazarov","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2021/1388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2021/1388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to compare the nasofrontal region in metopic and non-metopic cranial series and to assess whether the persistent metopic suture is related to a specific morphology of this part of the cranium. For the purpose of the study, a total of 159 dry crania (control series n = 90 and metopic one n = 69) of contemporary adult males were scanned with a laser scanner. Digital morphometry was accomplished by recording the three-dimensional coordinates of eleven landmarks, 3 bilateral and 5 in the mid-sagittal plane, characterizing the nasofrontal region. Between these landmarks, 43 linear measurements were calculated as Euclidian distances and 25 triangles were constructed. The angles, areas and heights of these triangles were also computed. The results show that the metopic crania have a distinctive nasofrontal morphology as the significant differences are not in the forehead height, but mainly in its configuration and in the nasal bones dimensions. The metopic crania have significantly flattened <i>glabella</i>, broad interorbital distance and wider, shorter and less prominent nasal bones compared to the non-metopic ones.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"78 4","pages":"347-358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39097126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Socioeconomic differences in permanent teeth mineralization of Portuguese girls and boys from Porto, Portugal.","authors":"Inês Morais Caldas, Hugo F V Cardoso","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2021/1313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2021/1313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Purpose:</i> Socioeconomic differences in dental maturation can be used to examine the impact of environmental factors on dental maturation. The purpose of this study is to assess socioeconomic differences in dental maturation of the seven permanent mandibular teeth (I1-M2). <i>Methods:</i> A total of 2114 panoramic radiographs of Portuguese children, adolescents and young adults were studied. The sample was divided into a high socioeconomic status (SES) (n = 925), and a low SES group (n = 1189). Ages ranged between 5 and 26 years. Demirjian's stages were used to assess the maturation of the seven mandibular teeth on the left side. Median-age of attainment of each stage and each tooth was calculated and compared between groups using binary logistic regression. <i>Results:</i> Low SES girls showed a consistent advancement in dental maturation across the entire dentition. Low SES boys, however, showed more often a delayed maturation relative to their high SES counterparts, but this pattern was not consistent and a clear socioeconomic difference seems to be absent in boys. <i>Conclusions:</i> While this study was not able to further explore the causes of the dental advancement in girls, it is hypothesized that it might be related to a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, and possibly caries, in low SES girls, compared to the SES difference in prevalence in boys.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"78 4","pages":"267-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25375955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Auxological dynamics of children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: a mixed-longitudinal study from Chandigarh, North India.","authors":"Anil Kumar Bhalla, Harvinder Kaur, Surjit Singh","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2021/1314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2021/1314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective:</i> To study growth pattern of weight and length/height in male and female children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). <i>Methods:</i> A total of 348 patients (boys: 182, girls: 166) aged 1 to 18 years, diagnosed as cases of JIA and categorized into oligoarthritis, polyarthritis and systemic arthritis were enrolled in this mixed-longitudinal study from Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic of Advanced Pediatrics Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India. Weight and length/height measurements were recorded at approximately 6 monthly intervals in Growth Laboratory/Growth Clinic of the department over a period of 13 years. Mean (SD) for weight and length/height were computed. Unpaired Student's t-test was employed to ascertain gender differences. Analysis of variance and post-hoc Bonferroni tests were applied to evaluate inter-group differences. <i>Results:</i> A regular increase in weight and length/height of all children representing three types of JIA was noticed throughout the study period. Maximum growth impairment was seen in patients with systemic JIA. Children with oligoarthritis were least affected. Boys with oligoarthritis, measured lighter and shorter than girls. Gender differences for children with polyarthritis demonstrated inconsistent trends. Boys with systemic JIA generally measured lighter than girls. Boys with systemic JIA measured taller than girls upto 4 years and thereafter they remained shorter till 14 years. <i>Conclusions:</i> As compared to normal children (2000 CDC), impaired weight and length/height growth attainments were recorded in oligoarthritis, polyarthritis and systemic JIA patients throughout the study span. However, the magnitude of this impairment appears to be related to the subtype of JIA.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"78 4","pages":"257-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25375956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacek Lewandowski, Piotr Kocur, Michał Wendt, Marzena Wiernicka, Małgorzata Ogurkowska, Anna Straburzyńska-Lupa, Magdalena Goliwąs, Krystyna Cieślik, Małgorzata Waszak
{"title":"Sexual dimorphism of lumbar lordosis and lumbar spine mobility during the period of progressive development.","authors":"Jacek Lewandowski, Piotr Kocur, Michał Wendt, Marzena Wiernicka, Małgorzata Ogurkowska, Anna Straburzyńska-Lupa, Magdalena Goliwąs, Krystyna Cieślik, Małgorzata Waszak","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2021/1355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2021/1355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective</i>: The objective of this paper is to present possible differences in spondylometric dimorphic characteristics of lumbar spine in the period of progressive development. <i>Material and methods</i>: The research material included 24,517 individuals of both sexes aged from 3 to 25. Individuals that showed abnormal structure of the motor system and individuals reporting pain in the joints of the spine were excluded. Spondylometric research was carried out using the Penny & Giles electrogoniometric measuring system. Significance tests concerning position measurements (Student's t-test, Welch's t-test) were used as well as biometric profiles formed on the basis of Mollison index for each characteristic in the studied period of ontogenesis. The progress of development of the examined spondylometric characteristics in both sex groups was calculated on the basis of expressing the size of the feature in successive age groups as a percentage of its final size. Using the linear and polynomial regression models, the developmental lines of the studied spondylometric parameters were obtained in males and females. <i>Results</i>: In the development process of the studied spondylometric parameters, dimorphic diversity can be observed essentially only in adolescence. In general, in the whole studied period of ontogenetic development, the greater range of lumbar spine mobility is found in females. Minor sexual dimorphism is also evident in the dynamics of development and in the stage of development of the majority of examined characteristics in individual age ranges in relation to the final values, for the benefit of the female sex.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"78 4","pages":"331-346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39030503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heba Kalbouneh, Nidaa Mubarak, Jamil Shwaqfeh, Mohammad Nawaiseh, Omar Ashour, Ahmad Muneer Alkhatib, Bilal Odeh, Waleed Mahafzah, Mohammad Alsalem
{"title":"Estimation of sex from measurements of foramen magnum region in a contemporary Jordanian population: A computed tomographic study.","authors":"Heba Kalbouneh, Nidaa Mubarak, Jamil Shwaqfeh, Mohammad Nawaiseh, Omar Ashour, Ahmad Muneer Alkhatib, Bilal Odeh, Waleed Mahafzah, Mohammad Alsalem","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2021/1460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2021/1460","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have shown variability in basicranial measurements between populations. Therefore, each population should have specific standards to optimize the accuracy of identification. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sexual dimorphism in foramen magnum and occipital condyles measurements using 3D multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), and to assess their utility and reliability for sex estimation in a Jordanian population by means of discriminant function analyses. A total of 500 MDCT scans (288 males and 212 females) were used and a total of 8 basicranial measurements were studied (3 measurements were derived from foramen magnum, and 5 measurements were derived from occipital condyles). Significant sexual dimorphism was found in all basicranial measurements. The most dimorphic variables were length of occipital condyle and maximum bicondylar distance. Including all variables, multivariate and stepwise functions gave an overall accuracy of 77.8% and 78.6%, respectively. However, the multivariate analyses conducted separately for measurements derived from foramen magnum and occipital condyles gave lower overall accuracy of 68.6% and 70.0%, respectively. Basicranial measurements derived from foramen magnum alone predicted males with relatively higher accuracy but were poor at predicting females in the sample (82.6% were males, 49.5% were females, sex bias 33.1%). Adding occipital condyles measurements to the multivariate analysis increased the percentage of correct sexing in females and reduced considerably the sex bias (78.8% male, 76.4% female, sex bias 1.4%). Discriminant function analysis using basicranial measurements derived from both foramen magnum and occipital condyles measurements can be utilized to estimate sex in our population.","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"78 4","pages":"317-329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38915940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ACE2 and COVID-19: An anthropological perspective.","authors":"Ratika Samtani, Kabir Krishna","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2021/1327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2021/1327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infection caused by Novel Coronavirus has been declared a pandemic and is spreading across 213 countries and territories around the world with severe implications. The present paper tries to review the relationship of SARS-Cov-2 infection with ACE2 expression, gene polymorphism and cardiovascular malfunctions, hypertension and type-2 diabetes. The paper highlights the fact that since ACE2 gene polymorphisms tend to be population specific, screening of ACE2 polymorphisms in diverse population groups across geographies could be beneficial in evaluating the severity to SARS-Cov-2 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"78 4","pages":"253-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25375954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessandra Morrone, Hembo Pagi, Mari Tõrv, Ester Oras
{"title":"Application of Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) to surface bone changes in paleopathology.","authors":"Alessandra Morrone, Hembo Pagi, Mari Tõrv, Ester Oras","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2021/1315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2021/1315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The analysis of surface bone changes is an essential aspect of the paleopathological examination of skeletal remains from archaeological and forensic contexts, and proper digital imaging is an indispensable aspect of the documentation of bone modifications. This paper evaluates the applicability of Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) to the study of pathological bone surface changes in human remains. Forty-five samples of human bones and teeth from medieval and early modern Estonian cemeteries were photographed and subjected to RTI imaging to document the pathological conditions that typically result in subtle surface modifications. Subperiosteal Bone Production (SBP), abnormal porosity, cribra orbitalia, endocranial lesions and lytic lesions in bone, as well as enamel hypoplasia and dental calculus in teeth were successfully represented with this technique. The results indicate that RTI allows visualization of shallow and discrete bone changes that are otherwise unnoticed. In some cases, this technique provides a better understanding of the nature and development of particular pathological processes than possible with conventional imaging. Although it cannot entirely replace microscopic and radiological techniques, RTI can be successfully performed in a reasonably short time by non-specialist operators with limited funding and resources, thus enabling identification of specimens that should be subject to more expensive or time-consuming analyses. Hence, RTI constitutes a valuable tool for the representation of subtle surface details in pathological bone, and can successfully support standard photography in paleopathological studies, museum display and scientific communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"78 4","pages":"295-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25514531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Morphometric analysis of the occipital bone in an adult South African cadaveric sample.","authors":"Petra Maass, Louise Jacqui Friedling","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2021/1368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2021/1368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forensic sex estimation is a key component in attempts to identify human remains. The skull is often used for this purpose, but is often damaged or recovered in fragments. Studies of individual cranial bones are hampered by subjectivity in visual assessment and difficulties in the ability to capture complex shape variations, as well as accounting for population-specificity in the expression of sexual dimorphism. The present study employed geometric morphometric analysis to assess morphological variation of the occipital bones of 792 adult South African individuals. Though sexual differences in size were detected, shape dimorphism was not detected until ancestry was simultaneously accounted for. Female occipital bones were less robust but more sloped than those of males. Detected variation between ancestry groups was sufficient to produce approximately 80% classification accuracies for Black and White groups, and 74% for the highly heterogeneous Coloured group. When variation was assessed according to sex and ancestry simultaneously, groups could be distinguished with 74.8% accuracy. Shape variation showed no significant age or secular trend changes, though some weak positive allometric influence was detected in the variation between sexes and between the Coloured group and the other two ancestry groups. This study demonstrated that even isolated bones such as the occipital could be used for sex and ancestry estimation, though population differences must be considered. The geometric morphometric analysis was found to allow objective and sufficiently sensitive detection of variation in the complex occipital shape to allow for accurate distinction of even highly heterogeneous and closely related groups, even when using a limited number of cranial landmarks. Thus, similar analyses of the occipital may be employed in forensic cases where the cranium has been damaged or only the occipital bone is recovered and available for analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"78 4","pages":"279-293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25514530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}