Anthropologischer Anzeiger最新文献_第7页

Morphometric analysis of the occipital bone in an adult South African cadaveric sample. 南非成人尸体枕骨的形态计量学分析。

IF 0.5 4区社会学

Anthropologischer Anzeiger Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1127/anthranz/2021/1368

Petra Maass, Louise Jacqui Friedling

{"title":"Morphometric analysis of the occipital bone in an adult South African cadaveric sample.","authors":"Petra Maass, Louise Jacqui Friedling","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2021/1368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2021/1368","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic sex estimation is a key component in attempts to identify human remains. The skull is often used for this purpose, but is often damaged or recovered in fragments. Studies of individual cranial bones are hampered by subjectivity in visual assessment and difficulties in the ability to capture complex shape variations, as well as accounting for population-specificity in the expression of sexual dimorphism. The present study employed geometric morphometric analysis to assess morphological variation of the occipital bones of 792 adult South African individuals. Though sexual differences in size were detected, shape dimorphism was not detected until ancestry was simultaneously accounted for. Female occipital bones were less robust but more sloped than those of males. Detected variation between ancestry groups was sufficient to produce approximately 80% classification accuracies for Black and White groups, and 74% for the highly heterogeneous Coloured group. When variation was assessed according to sex and ancestry simultaneously, groups could be distinguished with 74.8% accuracy. Shape variation showed no significant age or secular trend changes, though some weak positive allometric influence was detected in the variation between sexes and between the Coloured group and the other two ancestry groups. This study demonstrated that even isolated bones such as the occipital could be used for sex and ancestry estimation, though population differences must be considered. The geometric morphometric analysis was found to allow objective and sufficiently sensitive detection of variation in the complex occipital shape to allow for accurate distinction of even highly heterogeneous and closely related groups, even when using a limited number of cranial landmarks. Thus, similar analyses of the occipital may be employed in forensic cases where the cranium has been damaged or only the occipital bone is recovered and available for analysis.","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"78 4","pages":"279-293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25514530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fingerprints identification on 3000 year old Egyptian mummies. 3000年前埃及木乃伊的指纹鉴定。

IF 0.5 4区社会学

Anthropologischer Anzeiger Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.1127/anthranz/2020/1289

Jesús Herrerín, Esperanza Gutiérrez-Redomero

{"title":"Fingerprints identification on 3000 year old Egyptian mummies.","authors":"Jesús Herrerín, Esperanza Gutiérrez-Redomero","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2020/1289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2020/1289","url":null,"abstract":"The Djehuty Project (Dra Abu el-Naga; Luxor, Egypt) contains a reused burial chamber, UE165. The human remains include 6 disarticulated, mummified human digits, of which five have very well-conserved prints. The most plausible dating is the Twenty-Second Dynasty (945-715 BCE). High resolution photographs were taken of these and studied in order to identify the main pattern, delta types and minutiae, ridge density and ridge breadth. First, however, a contemporary mummified body was studied in order to calculate the percentage of contraction that can occur in mummified digit tissue. The remains consisted of 4 fingers (a thumb, two index fingers and a middle finger) and a hallux toe, all from the right side, indicating that they came from at least two different people. As regards sex, all the fingers presented values typical of females. Estimated age ranged from 10.62 (middle finger) to 16.25 (thumb) years old, within the sub-adult category. The individual's height was estimated for all the fingers, obtaining values between 135.87 cm for the middle finger and 162.60 cm for the thumb. With regard to the possible ancestral origins of the remains, the type of delta o triradius identified presents high frequencies in contemporary Nigerian and Romanian populations. These results demonstrate that it is possible to work with fingerprints as much as 3,000 years old. It has been possible to identify the main patterns and the minutiae with a precision that exceeds the numeric standard -12 minutiae- currently applied in many countries for forensic identification.","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"77 4","pages":"313-331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38224955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Menarche in adolescents from Vojvodina (the Republic of Serbia) in the period 2001-2019. 2001-2019年伏伊伏丁那(塞尔维亚共和国)青少年月经初潮情况。

IF 0.5 4区社会学

Anthropologischer Anzeiger Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.1127/anthranz/2020/1140

Rada Rakić, Valerija Puškaš, Tatjana Pavlica

{"title":"Menarche in adolescents from Vojvodina (the Republic of Serbia) in the period 2001-2019.","authors":"Rada Rakić, Valerija Puškaš, Tatjana Pavlica","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2020/1140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2020/1140","url":null,"abstract":"Objective:Menarcheal age is the starting point of reproductive life and could be a marker of health and socioeconomic status of a population.The aim of this study was to assess the temporal pattern in variability of menarcheal age from 2001 to 2019 and the relationship with biological factors and educational level of parents. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional anthropometric survey was conducted in three intervals: 2001-2004, 2011-2014 and in 2019. In total, 5201 adolescent girls from Vojvodina (North Serbia) aged 11-18 were surveyed, 3272 (62.91%) of them with menarche. Data on the age at menarche was gathered applying status quo method and the age at menarche was calculated by probit analysis. The surveyed traits included height, weight and Body mass index (BMI). Results: Mean menarcheal age declined from 12.60 ± 1.11 years to 12.33 ± 1.20 years during the period from 2001 to 2019. Within three investigated periods variance decreased after the first decade from 1.23 year2 to 1.09 year2, and then increased to 1.44 year2. On average, postmenarcheal girls were 4.36 cm taller, 8.03 kg heavier, and their BMI was 1.96 kg/m2 higher than in premenarcheal girls of the same calendar age. An inverse effect of BMI and mother's education on the menarcheal age was detected, but the interaction between the variables was not statistically significant. Conclusion: These results indicate continuing decrease in menarcheal age in girls from Vojvodina. Menarche is closely associated with BMI and it appears that this factor effects the age at menarche irrespective of the parents' education.","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"77 4","pages":"289-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38432006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and malocclusion - a cross sectional study of female patients without previous orthodontic treatment. 青少年特发性脊柱侧凸和错牙合-一项未接受过正畸治疗的女性患者的横断面研究。

IF 0.5 4区社会学

Anthropologischer Anzeiger Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.1127/anthranz/2020/1198

Joanna Głowacka, Justyna Opydo-Szymaczek, Katarzyna Mehr, Tamara Pawlaczyk-Kamieńska, Jakub Głowacki

{"title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and malocclusion - a cross sectional study of female patients without previous orthodontic treatment.","authors":"Joanna Głowacka, Justyna Opydo-Szymaczek, Katarzyna Mehr, Tamara Pawlaczyk-Kamieńska, Jakub Głowacki","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2020/1198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2020/1198","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the present study was to assess the prevalence of various types of malocclusions in a group of female patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), as well as the association between occlusal anomalies and the side, location, and severity of the spine deformity. The study group was comprised of 60 females aged 12-16 years with AIS and 54 healthy controls. Apart from clinical examination, alginate impressions and wax bites were taken. Occlusal traits were assessed on the casts in maximum intercuspation. Data were statistically analyzed with a significance taken as p < 0.05. All patients with AIS showed at least one abnormal orthodontic trait, while 9 (16.7%) patients from the control group had dentition free from any orthodontic anomaly. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.0032). In the sagittal dimension, patients with AIS had a higher frequency of bilateral distocclusion and unilateral mesiocclusion as compared to the control group (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.0034, respectively). They also showed crowding, increased overjet and overbite more often than healthy age- mates (p = 0.0417, p = 0.0121, and p = 0.0166, respectively). Regarding the association between site, side, or severity of scoliosis and the occurrence of the malocclusion, asymmetric molar occlusion was more frequently observed in patients with right convex (p = 0.0149), while unilateral mesiocclusion, appeared more often in patients with the thoracic apex of the curve (p = 0.0349). The results emphasize a need for collaboration between orthopedists and orthodontists in the complex medical care for scoliotic individuals. Orthodontic treatment can alleviate negative impact that a malocclusion has on the oral health, aesthetics, and psychological well-being of this vulnerable group of patients.","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"77 4","pages":"269-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38187040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Violent encounter or capital punishment? Evidence of lethal violence in an indigenous burial from Fuerteventura (Canary Islands, Spain). 暴力冲突还是死刑?富埃特文图拉(西班牙加那利群岛)土著埋葬中致命暴力的证据。

IF 0.5 4区社会学

Anthropologischer Anzeiger Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.1127/anthranz/2020/1208

Verónica Alberto-Barroso, Marco Moreno-Benítez, Teresa Delgado-Darias, Javier Velasco-Vázquez, Ibán Suárez-Medina, Félix Mendoza-Medina

引用次数: 0

Assessment of sex and ancestry variation of the morphology of the fibula. 腓骨形态的性别和祖先变异的评估。

IF 0.5 4区社会学

Anthropologischer Anzeiger Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.1127/anthranz/2020/1164

Petra Maass, Louise Jacqui Friedling

{"title":"Assessment of sex and ancestry variation of the morphology of the fibula.","authors":"Petra Maass, Louise Jacqui Friedling","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2020/1164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2020/1164","url":null,"abstract":"The fibula is often not used for anthropological estimations, as its morphological variation is expected to be insufficient to allow accurate estimations. However, in forensic or archaeological contexts, there is the possibility that the fibula is the only bone available for analysis. The present study applied geometric morphometrics to evaluate the potential of using fibular morphology for assessment of sex and ancestry. Three-dimensional datasets of 1609 fibulae of adult South Africans (412 females, 507 males) were digitized. Datasets were submitted to Generalized Procrustes Analysis for rotation and scaling to a common centroid. Mean centroid sizes were compared using parametric testing, and morphological variation was assessed using multivariate analyses. Discriminant Function Analysis coupled with leave-one-out cross-validation testing was used to assess classification accuracy of sex and ancestry based on these shape variations. Fibulae were smaller in females than males, but show insufficient shape variation to distinguish the sexes. Fibulae of Coloured individuals were relatively and absolutely smaller than those of the Black and White ancestry groups, likely due to contributions of small-bodied groups to the genetic composition of this group. Based on shape variation, ancestry estimations of 72.4-77.2% were obtained. Evaluation of variation according to sex and ancestry combined still produced insufficient distinction between the sexes and decreased the accuracy of ancestry classification. These results show that morphological variation of the fibula may not be useful for sex estimation, but provides reasonable accuracies for ancestry estimations, making it particularly useful in cases where only the fibula is available for analysis.","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"77 4","pages":"345-354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38432007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Changes in the prevalence of thinness among children in Vilnius, Lithuania: a comparison of two longitudinal data sets of children born in 1990 and 1996. 立陶宛维尔纽斯儿童消瘦流行率的变化:1990年和1996年出生儿童的两组纵向数据的比较。

IF 0.5 4区社会学

Anthropologischer Anzeiger Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.1127/anthranz/2020/1203

Julius Fergizas, Andrej Suchomlinov

引用次数: 0

Diet patterns in medieval to early modern (14^th-early 20^th c.) coastal communities in Lithuania. 中世纪至近代早期(14 - 20世纪初)立陶宛沿海社区的饮食模式。

IF 0.5 4区社会学

Anthropologischer Anzeiger Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.1127/anthranz/2020/1092

Raminta Skipitytė, Kerstin Lidén, Gunilla Eriksson, Justina Kozakaitė, Rimvydas Laužikas, Giedrė Piličiauskienė, Rimantas Jankauskas

{"title":"Diet patterns in medieval to early modern (14th-early 20th c.) coastal communities in Lithuania.","authors":"Raminta Skipitytė, Kerstin Lidén, Gunilla Eriksson, Justina Kozakaitė, Rimvydas Laužikas, Giedrė Piličiauskienė, Rimantas Jankauskas","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2020/1092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2020/1092","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal residents are quite often expected to consume a significant amount of aquatic resources, though historical evidence often reveals a rather complex diet. To better understand the actual consumption and the distribution of various foods, stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) analyses were employed to skeletal remains from three coastal communities, Palanga, Kretinga and Smeltė, ranging in date from the medieval period to the early modern ages (14th-early 20th c.) near the Curonian Lagoon and the Baltic Sea in Lithuania. Animal bones from the region, covering the same time periods, were also analysed. Stable isotope results were compared with historical records. According to historical sources different types of diet were prevalent during that period of time: Medieval Prussian-Lithuanian peasant, Lithuanian fisherman, German urban, and religious-based. Elevated δ15N values for Smeltė samples suggest a diet consisting of considerable amounts of freshwater fish protein, which is in contrast to historical sources. There were no significant differences in stable isotope values between males and females, while subadult δ15N values were significantly higher than adult ones, indicating that those children were breastfed for an extended period. Meanwhile, Palanga and Kretinga samples had isotope values suggesting a high reliance on terrestrial resources and a peasant type of diet.","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"77 4","pages":"299-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38189604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Traumatized women's infants are bigger than children of mothers without traumas. 受过创伤的母亲所生的婴儿比没有受过创伤的母亲所生的孩子要大。

IF 0.5 4区社会学

Anthropologischer Anzeiger Pub Date : 2020-08-26 DOI: 10.1127/anthranz/2020/1285

Anna Apanasewicz, Detlef Groth, Christiane Scheffler, Michael Hermanussen, Magdalena Piosek, Patrycja Wychowaniec, Magdalena Babiszewska, Olga Barbarska, Anna Ziomkiewicz

{"title":"Traumatized women's infants are bigger than children of mothers without traumas.","authors":"Anna Apanasewicz, Detlef Groth, Christiane Scheffler, Michael Hermanussen, Magdalena Piosek, Patrycja Wychowaniec, Magdalena Babiszewska, Olga Barbarska, Anna Ziomkiewicz","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2020/1285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2020/1285","url":null,"abstract":"Life history theory predicts that experiencing stress during the early period of life will result in accelerated growth and earlier maturation. Indeed, animal and some human studies documented a faster pace of growth in the offspring of stressed mothers. Recent advances in epigenetics suggest that the effects of early developmental stress might be passed across the generations. However, evidence for such intergenerational transmission is scarce, at least in humans. Here we report the results of the study investigating the association between childhood trauma in mothers and physical growth in their children during the first months of life. Anthropometric and psychological data were collected from 99 mothers and their exclusively breastfed children at the age of 5 months. The mothers completed the Early Life Stress Questionnaire to assess childhood trauma. The questionnaire includes questions about the most traumatic events that they had experienced before the age of 12 years. Infant growth was evaluated based on the anthropometric measurements of weight, length, and head circumference. Also, to control for the size of maternal investment, the composition of breast milk samples taken at the time of infant anthropometric measurements was investigated. The children of mothers with higher early life stress tended to have higher weight and bigger head circumference. The association between infant anthropometrics and early maternal stress was not affected by breast milk composition, suggesting that the effect of maternal stress on infant growth was independent of the size of maternal investment. Our results demonstrate that early maternal trauma may affect the pace of growth in the offspring and, in consequence, lead to a faster life history strategy. This effect might be explained via changes in offspring epigenetics.","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"77 5","pages":"359-374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38326743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

DNA extraction from sternum bone for identification of a saponified body: use of a modified protocol. 从胸骨中提取DNA用于皂化尸体的鉴定:修改方案的使用。

IF 0.5 4区社会学

Anthropologischer Anzeiger Pub Date : 2020-08-12 DOI: 10.1127/anthranz/2020/1162

Antonio De Donno, Federica Mele, Stefania Lonero Baldassarra, Alessandra Martini, Chiara Lauretti, Matteo Favia, Francesco Introna, Valeria Santoro

{"title":"DNA extraction from sternum bone for identification of a saponified body: use of a modified protocol.","authors":"Antonio De Donno, Federica Mele, Stefania Lonero Baldassarra, Alessandra Martini, Chiara Lauretti, Matteo Favia, Francesco Introna, Valeria Santoro","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2020/1162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2020/1162","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses our approach and results obtained when attempting to identify a saponified human body recovered from the sea, without arms and legs. Bones, especially the long ones, are the only sources of DNA available in several cases involving unidentified bodies in advanced state of putrefaction. In this case, since the body was found without limbs, attempts were made to extract DNA from the sternum bone. The DNA was extracted using a modified version of the NucleoSpin® DNA Trace Kit (Macherey Nagel™) protocol and an STR analysis was performed. Thanks to this modified protocol a complete DNA profile was obtained from the sternum bone, while only partial results were obtained from blood and teeth. The DNA profile obtained from the sternum was compared with the DNA of the putative son searching for a genetic match. Five incompatibilities were detected so it was possible to exclude the kinship. In conclusion this could be a useful technique in personal identification through DNA analysis in case of poor quality and quantity of bone.","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"77 3","pages":"235-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37771297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2