Anthropologischer Anzeiger最新文献

{"title":"Cranial bone thickness in non-adults from the Zaghunluq Cemetery (650150 BCE) in the Iron Age Western Regions, Northwestern China.","authors":"Haijun Li, Peiyuan Zhang, Xiaoyu Yang, Shaodi Zhang, Yujie Zhao, Hailong Zhang, Bo Wang, Qian Wang","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/1927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/1927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cranial bone thickness is one of the most measured features in biological anthropology and medicine. In this study, the cranial bone thickness was investigated in an Iron Age non-adult mortuary sample from the Western Regions in China, to characterize the changes of cranial bone thickness in growth. The results demonstrated that the cranial vault thickness of non-adult increased gradually with age. The overall growth spurt period of the cranial bone thickness occurred at 67 years old, with variations in different bones. Cranial thickness and overall shape of the skull will be achieved after 15 years or older. These findings enrich our knowledge of bone and head growth in prehistoric children, and have application potentials in functional morphology, paleoanthropology, and forensic anthropology studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone reinforcement lines and osteoporosis: an overlooked trait useful for physical anthropologists?","authors":"Elizabeth Weiss","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/1957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/1957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone reinforcement lines are rarely examined traits visible on X-rays that correlate with chronic osteopenia and osteoporosis. In this study, through the use of humeral X-rays taken from 109 prehistoric Californian Native American remains, the relationships between bone reinforcement lines and average cortical bone thickness, sex, and age are examined. Results revealed that individuals with bone reinforcement lines were likely to have lower average cortical bone thickness. Bone reinforcement lines were also more often found in females than in males. Furthermore, the lines increased in frequency with age. Bioarchaeologists and paleopathologists may use bone reinforcement lines to compare bone loss across populations and time. Osteologists should consider investigating whether bone reinforcement lines are a systemic adaptation to prevent fractures in osteoporotic individuals. Forensic anthropologists may be able to use these correlations along with other skeletal traits to help determine the identity of a victim. More research is needed to examine the permanence of bone reinforcement lines within an individuals life.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the relationship of spina bifida occulta and spinal degenerative joint disease based on skeletal remains from Dabr󷫩, Podlaskie Province, Poland.","authors":"Adrian Wolski, Kamila Podladowska, Katarzyna G Czyk, Anna Myszka","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/1947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/1947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the study is to answer the question about existing a relationship between sacral spina bifida occulta (SBO) and the occurrence of degenerative changes in spinal joints based on the examination of 30 skeletal remains (adults only; 9 females, 18 males, and 2 individuals of undetermined sex) from Dabr󷫩 (beginning of the 17^th century, Poland). According to a small sample size age range has not been taken into account in the analyses. SBO, osteophytes, porosity, Schmorls nodes on the vertebral body, and articular processes on the vertebrae were examined. In Dabr󷫩 sample only partial clefts of SBO were assessed. Results show that individuals with SBO are not likely to experience osteoarthritic changes of the spine. Correlations were not statistically significant between sacral SBO and most degenerative changes in the spine. The coefficient for all types of changes was negative, suggesting individuals with SBO are less likely to develop degenerative changes in the spine. The only degenerative change significantly correlated with SBO was porosity. The present study confirms medical study analyses in which the relationship between these two phenomena has been assessed. Apparently, sacral SBO did not significantly affect the spinal health of past human populations. These results could enrich our knowledge of SBO etiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population development and burial practices in the Hungarian Middle Ages: paleodemographic insights into the adoption of Christianity.","authors":"József Turtóczki, László Szathmáry","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/1950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/1950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines population development and changing mortuary practices in the Carpathian Basin between the 7^th and 13^th centuries CE, focusing on the demographic and symbolic implications of subadult burial patterns. Life expectancy at birth (ex°), defined here as an archaeological demographic proxy rather than a direct indicator of biological lifespan, was calculated or reconstructed for 23 medieval cemeteries (N = 3,602 individuals), based on osteologically estimated age-at-death data. Using hierarchical cluster analysis (UPGMA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and subadult representation (ages 014 years), we identified two major temporal clusters: one comprising 7^th10^th century sites and another spanning the 11^th13^th centuries. A significant decrease in ex° values in the later cluster (mean = 28.6 years) compared to the earlier one (mean = 33.2 years), coupled with a higher proportion of child burials (36.2% vs. 25.0%), suggests that Christianization led to increased mortuary inclusion of children. The LDA model confirmed that ex° values moderately distinguished between archaeological periods (56.5% classification accuracy). These patterns reflect not only biological mortality but also cultural shifts in the perceived personhood and spiritual status of children, as Christian norms redefined the moral community of the dead. Our results demonstrate that paleodemographic indicators such as life expectancy can provide insight into broader ideological transformations in medieval Central Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Verification of sex diagnosis methods in skeletons of subadult individuals: a comparative study using the medieval skeletal series Creußen, Germany.","authors":"Yannick Ahlbrecht, Anna Bretschneider, Janine Mazanec, Birgit Grosskopf","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/1843","DOIUrl":"10.1127/anthranz/1843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective:</i> Evaluation and verification of morphological and osteometric methods for the sex diagnosis of skeletons of subadult individuals by comparison with molecular genetic sex determinations. <i>Material:</i> 53 individuals (almost exclusively subadult individuals) buried in a medieval mass grave in Creuߥn, Germany. <i>Methods:</i> Morphological methods referring to the morphology of the pelvis, mandible and <i>facies auricularis</i>, an osteometric method on the pelvis and molecular genetic sex determination by the detection of X- and Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs). <i>Results:</i> None of the morphological and metric characteristics tested achieved the required minimum assurance level of 75%. <i>Conclusions:</i> None of the tested methods is a reliable criterion for determining the sex of subadult individuals of the studied skeletal series. <i>Significance:</i> In the literature, morphological sex diagnosis on childrens skeletons is repeatedly criticised, but is a common subject of anthropological investigation. In this paper, once again, attention is drawn to the unreliability of the methods, using the skeletal remains from a medieval mass grave in Creuߥn, Germany. <i>Limitations:</i> The study is limited to the skeletal series presented in this paper and cannot automatically be applied to other skeletal series. Other series from different geographical locations or chronological classifications could lead to different results. <i>Suggestions for further research:</i> Critical consideration of morphological and osteometric sex diagnosis in skeletons of other subadult individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex determination from human cranium 3D CT based evaluation in an Indian population.","authors":"Mohammed Akbar N J, Raghvendra Singh Shekhawat, Tanuj Kanchan, Taruna Yadav, Vikas Meshram, Rutwik Shedge, Seshagiri Raju Vempalli, Puneet Setia","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/1811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/1811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Identification of the human body or remains after death is a forensic procedure which is difficult to perform and is mandatory by law and in compliance with social norms. Sexing the recovered human remains is an integral part of the identification process. The utilization of radiological imaging methods in anthropometric studies is being expanded by the application of modern imaging methods, leading to a decrease in costs, time, and the ability to create three-dimensional images. It is widely accepted that using population-specific criteria to estimate biological traits in the human skeleton improves accuracy. The present study investigated three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography images of 274 individuals (183 males and 91 females) within the 1884 years age group (Mean age: 43.13 ± 17.23) for sex determination. A total of 16 anthropometric parameters were taken into consideration. Logistic regression analysis (LRA), multiple logistic regression, univariate, multivariate, and stepwise discriminant function analysis (DFA) were generated to establish the accuracy of the cranial parameters. The morphometric measurements of the skull revealed that the most dimorphic structure was the bizygomatic breadth, which emerged as the best predictor of sex, with an accuracy of 80.7% with LRA and 81.2% with univariate DFA. Our study evaluates sexual dimorphism in an Indian population using CT skull images, incorporating cranial measurements, logistic regression, and univariate and multivariate analyses to develop an anthropometric approach for sex determination. The uniqueness of this research lies in its focus on the Indian population, where morphological variations may differ from other populations. By refining established CT-based sex determination methods and incorporating advanced quantification techniques, we aim to enhance the accuracy of sex determination in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aortic paleopathology: osteological evidence of an aortic aneurysm in historic human remains from Lithuania (17^th18^th centuries AD).","authors":"Damia L Mialkowskyj, Justina Kozakaite, Ruta Brindzaite, Rimantas Jankauskas, Dario Piombino-Mascali","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/1853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/1853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report investigates a probable aortic aneurysm in a skeleton from Kedainiai, Lithuania, assessing cardiovascular signs within a sample of 22 adults. Notably, sternal bone changes indicative of chronic aneurysmal pressure were observed. The remains, identified as those of a middle-aged adult male (ca. 50 years old), exhibited an oval-shaped perforation and surrounding erosion and remodeling on the sternal body, consistent with chronic pressure exerted by a dilated ascending aorta. These findings were systematically compared with documented cases of aortic aneurysms from osteological specimens. The observed pathology aligns with thoracic aortic aneurysms, often associated with aging, hypertension, and connective tissue weakening. Based on osteological evidence alone, malignancies, genetic syndromes such as Marfan and Ehlers-Danlos, and infectious diseases like syphilis were ruled out as primary causes; however, syphilis cannot be entirely excluded. This case underscores the intersection of genetic predisposition, lifestyle, and diet in ancient societies and highlights the value of bioarchaeology in tracing the evolution of cardiovascular diseases. By focusing on skeletal markers, this research provides critical insights into the prevalence and impact of aortic aneurysms in historical populations, offering a framework for understanding their implications in modern medicine. The case also emphasizes bioarchaeological investigations relevance in tracing disease evolution and informing contemporary medical approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on sex prediction by using machine algorithms with anthropometric measurements of the seventh cervical vertebra.","authors":"Esra Cetin Unlu, Zulal Oner, Serkan Oner, Muhammed Kamil Turan, Rukiye Sumeyye Bakici","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/1839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/1839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prediction of sex is among important topics of forensic medicine and forensic anthropology. In studies conducted for sex prediction, pelvis and cranium bones are the most preferred bones. In cases when it is difficult to examine the pelvis and cranium bones, vertebrae have been the subject of research in sex analysis studies. The aim of this study is to predict sex by using Computed Tomography (CT) images of the vertebra prominens (C7). Another aim of the study is to make automatic measurements using labeling on C7. This retrospective study included images of 100 female and 100 male individuals (aged 2050 years). CT Images on the personal workstation (Horos Project, Version 3.0) were made orthogonal in the entire plane. They were transferred to the Sekazu program in DICOM format. The labels of the bookmarks determined on C7 were placed on the images by the Radiologist and Anatomist according to their coordinates. Then, automatic measurements were performed in the program and calculations were made. Optimization of the study was achieved by automatic measurements, thus eliminating the effects of intra-observer and/or inter-observer measurement errors. Sixteen length and 3 angle parameters were analysed by using machine learning (ML) algorithms. The accuracy rates in sex prediction using ML algorithms with the parameters obtained as a result of the analysis are as follows: Ada Boost Classification 8791%, Decision Tree 8592%, Extra Trees Classifier 8793%, Gradient Boosting Model 8591%, Gaussian Naive Bayes 8791%, Gaussian Process Classifier 8191%, K-nearest Neighbour Regression 8493%, Linear Discriminant Analysis 8894%, Linear Support Vector Classification 8892%, Non-Linear Support Vector Classification 8393%, Quadratic Discriminant Analysis 8790%, Random Forest 8392%, Support Vector Machines 8492%. In this study, it was predicted that sex prediction could be made up to 94% using ML algorithms from the parameters of vertebra prominens, which is an atypical vertebra. Therefore, we can say that vertebra prominens also shows sexual dimorphism.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mummy of Torricella Peligna, a case report.","authors":"Antonietta Di Fabrizio, Flavio Stocco, Assunta Paolucci, Arianna Di Felice, Luigi Capasso, Ruggero D Anastasio, Jacopo Cilli","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/1835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/1835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The restoration works of the Church of San Giacomo Apostolo in Torricella Peligna (Abruzzo, Italy) have brought to light a mummified body, in a good state of preservation. Studies on the body have dated the burial and highlighted the anthropological and pathological aspects. The mummy dates back to the seventeenth century and belongs to an adult male individual which probably held an administrative position within the Viceroyalty of Naples. The remains of the individuals clothing and the results of the examinations performed provided both cultural and palaeobiological new information for a geographic area in a historical period that is still little studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, risk factors, and predictors of hypertension among the Nyishi Tribe of Arunachal Pradesh.","authors":"Hosea Thanglen, Augusni Sonam, Urapam Zimik, Mohammad Asghar","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/1780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/1780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the prevalence of obesity and hypertension, along with associated risk factors, among the Nyishi tribe of Arunachal Pradesh. A cross-sectional study was performed involving 208 Nyishi adults (108 males, 100 females), aged 2050 years. The anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were measured in accordance with standard procedures. Statistical analyses, including Pearson correlation, binary logistic regression, and ROC curve, were performed. The nutritional statuses of the overweight and obese are 27.8% and 8.3% in males and 26% and 7% in females. In accordance with the waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and waist-height ratio, 15.7% men and 63% women; 31.5% men and 79% women; and 27.8% men and 70% women of adult Nyishi are at risk for central obesity. Binary logistic regression underscored significant associations between hypertension and overweight, obesity, WC, WHtR, age, physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol consumption, anxiety, salt intake, pan use, and tobacco. Among males, inactivity (OR = 8.33) and alcohol consumption (OR = 6.04), and among females, tobacco use (OR = 7.41) and paan consumption (OR = 6.40) emerged as high-risk factors for hypertension. ROC curve analysis revealed that waist circumference exhibited the highest AUC (0.718) for males, while BMI had the highest AUC (0.708) for females. This indicates that Nyishi individuals, especially males with a waist circumference exceeding 80.50 cm and females with a BMI surpassing 22.75 kg/m², face an elevated risk of developing hypertension. The research underscores the predictive significance of BMI and central obesity in the risk of hypertension. Thus, there is a pressing need to enhance public knowledge of the benefits of adopting a healthy lifestyle; mindfulness by itself can help with this problem.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}