Anthropologischer Anzeiger最新文献

{"title":"Association between oral contraceptive use, age at menarche and bone tissue quality in young Slovak women.","authors":"Simona Sulis, Darina Falbov, Alexandra Hoz᫯v, Lenka Vorobelov","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/1929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/1929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the association between oral contraceptive use, age at menarche and bone quality in young Slovak women (1830 years) using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) while considering body composition measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and behavioural components. Bone quality was evaluated using the speed of sound (SOS) in radius via QUS (Sunlight MiniOmni) in 668 Slovak women aged 1830. Significant differences between oral contraceptive users and non-users were observed in bone quality (<i>p</i> = 0.027); with users showing higher SOS values than non-users; notwithstanding, after considering age, body composition and age at menarche in a linear regression analysis, only age resulted as a significant predictor (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with bone quality increasing with age. The correlation between SOS and the age at menarche yielded non-statistically significant results (<i>p</i> = 0.768, r = -0.012). In conclusion, oral contraceptives and age at menarche did not significantly impact bone tissue in our sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning methods for sex estimation of sub-adults using cranial computed tomography images.","authors":"Sharifah Nabilah Syed Mohd Hamdan, Erma Rahayu Mohd Faizal Abdullah, Khor Jia Wen, Rabiah Al-Adawiyah Rahmat, Wan Izlina Wan Ibrahim, Khairul Azmi Abd Kadir, Norliza Ibrahim","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/1851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/1851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research aimed to compare the classification accuracy of three machine learning (ML) methods (random forest (RF), support vector machines (SVM), linear discriminant analysis (LDA)) for sex estimation of sub-adults using cranial computed tomography (CCT) images. A total of 521 CCT scans from sub-adult Malaysians aged 0 to 20 were analysed using Mimics software (Materialise Mimics Ver. 21). Plane-to-plane (PTP) protocol was used for measuring 14 chosen craniometric parameters. A trio of machine learning algorithms RF, SVM, and LDA with GridSearchCV was used to produce classification models for sex estimation. In addition, performance was measured in the form of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, among others. RF produced testing accuracy of 73%, with the best hyperparameters of max_depth = 6, max_samples = 40, and n_estimators = 45. SVM obtained an accuracy of 67% with the best hyperparameters: learning rate (C) = 10, gamma = 0.01, and kernel = radial basis function (RBF). LDA obtained the lowest accuracy of 65% with shrinkage of 0.02. Among the tested ML methods, RF showed the highest testing accuracy in comparison to SVM and LDA. This is the first AI-based classification model that can be used for estimating sex in sub-adults using CCT scans.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding the Han paternal legacy: a Y chromosomal genealogy of Xuzhou as the cradle of the Han civilization.","authors":"Guang-Yao Fan, Ju Tian-Ge, Ying Zhu","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/1857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/1857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Xuzhou, hailed as the Oriental Athens, holds a pivotal position in the development of Han Chinese culture. This study delves into the genetic makeup of the Xuzhou Han population utilizing Y-chromosomal markers, aiming to enrich population genetics and forensic science research. We analyzed 638 unrelated males from Pei County, Xuzhou, through the SureID^® PathFinder Plus Kit. The pairwise genetic relationships were compared between the Xuzhou Han and 52 other Chinese population. We employed the k-nearest neighbor algorithm for Y-SNP haplogroup prediction and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) for category forecasting. Most Y-STR loci exhibited high polymorphism, with the exception of DYS645. The Xuzhou Han population showcased a haplotype diversity of 0.9997 and a discrimination capacity of 0.9708. Genetic similarities were detected among Han populations across the nation, with the Xuzhou Han revealing a prevalence of Y haplogroups O2a2 and O2a1. Comparisons of haplogroup distributions across 55 contemporary Chinese ethnic groups and ancient DNA from 59 archaeological sites unveiled the widespread presence of the O2 haplogroup before the Han Dynasty. Our research also underscores the Y chromosomal genealogy continuity of the O2 population in northern China from the Neolithic to modern times. Meanwhile, LDA hints a long history of integration between Jiangsu Han groups. Nevertheless, the Xuzhou Han still exhibited an extremely high O2a2 ratio, reflecting the rapid expansion of this patrilineal familys population base throughout history. Our study is not only expected to have a positive impact on the reconstruction of the local patrilineal history, but also defined forensic applications and deepens the understanding of Han Chinese culture through the lens of paternal genetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinship in both sexes, in individuals with and without cranial modification, and its relationship with cultural practices in the ancient population of San Pedro de Atacama.","authors":"Héctor Hugo Varela, Julián Alonso Valetti, María Selene Babini","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2025/1909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2025/1909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study of kinship is fundamental to understanding past societies because it provides information about the social organization of populations. This paper evaluates the phenotypic variation in both sexes and in groups with and without artificial modification of the skull in the ancient population of the oasis of San Pedro de Atacama (SPA), northern Chile. This information is used to infer kinship, the number of migrants per generation and the possible relationship with sociocultural factors. To achieve the objective, craniometric characters and a sample of 592 individuals from different sites and cultural periods of the SPA population are used. Phenotypic variation within and between groups is assessed by multivariate statistical analysis and kinship is estimated by applying methods derived from quantitative genetics. Postmarital residence is obtained by comparing the variances of both sexes between sites, periods and groups with and without skull modification. In general, the results show greater male than female mobility, or similar mobility in both sexes, indicating a matrilocal or bilocal postmarital residence pattern. In particular, greater female than male mobility is observed between ayllu (social organization formed by individuals related by kinship and economic ties) in individuals with artificial modification of the skull, supporting a patrilocal postmarital model. Additionally, it was observed that individuals with head modification have lower level of kinship among themselves and greater mobility than the group that did not modify their head, establishing that this cultural behavior plays a relevant role in the genetic structure of the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long term trends in birth weight and length of newborns from Sofia, Bulgaria (1980-2020).","authors":"Yanitsa Velichkova Zhecheva, Ivaila Yankova Ivanova-Pandourska, Racho Stefanov Stoev, Albena Borislavova Dimitrova, Boyan Valentinov Kirilov, Aleksandra Lubenova Ravnachka, Zoya Spasova Mateeva, Rayna Spasenkova Georgieva","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2025/1836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2025/1836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The comparison of anthropological data of newborns from different cohorts helps assessing the influence of changes in living conditions on the intrauterine growth and development. The aim of the study is to evaluate the intensity and direction of the secular trend in birth weight and length of Bulgarian newborns for 40-year period and to discuss the possible impact of different environmental factors. Data of 11,595 singleton live births (6,073 boys and 5,522 girls) with \"normal birthweight\" (between 2500-4500 g) gathered from the birth registers of two Obstetrics and Gynecology hospitals in Sofia, Bulgaria are included in the study. The statistical analyses are performed using SPSS 16.0. The significance of the trend is assessed by one-way ANOVA analysis. For the investigated period mean birth weight decreases from 3446.8 g to 3334.9 g and from 3321.2 g to 3179.1 g in male and female newborns respectively. Concerning birth length a statistically significant positive secular trend is observed in both sexes from 1981 to 2000 (from 50.3 cm to 51.2 cm and from 49.8 cm to 50.5 cm in male and female newborns respectively) followed by an opposite decreasing trend (1.2 cm in both sexes) after 2000. The observed tendencies probably reflect the changes in living standards and health care, population changes and changes in maternal indicators during the investigated period. As size at birth predicts not only short-term complications but also long-term health and chronic disease risk, the established decreasing trend in birth weight and length of Bulgarian newborns could be directly connected with the health of the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Adiposity Indices as predictive screening tools for Nutritional Status and risk of hypertension among the Phalee Tangkhul, Ukhrul District, Manipur.","authors":"Hosea Thanglen, R M Pemmichon","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2025/1912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2025/1912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study attempts to associate anthropometric markers and blood pressure, thereby determining the most effective predictive marker for hypertension. A total sample of 350 adults aged 20 to 70 years was included in the study after getting consent. Anthropometric data and blood pressure were collected using standard procedures. Significant t-tests, chi-square tests, one-way <i>ANOVA</i> and Pearson correlation analyses were performed between the anthropometric body adiposity measures and blood pressure. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was calculated to assess the risk of hypertension. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to find the anthropometric markers predictive cut-off values. The prevalence of hypertension was 23.4% in males and 22.3% in females, respectively. The nutritional status of overweight and obese individuals was greater in females (38.9% and 13.1%) compared to males (37.1% and 8.6%). Anthropometric indicators, including BMI, WC, WHR, and WHtR, strongly correlate with elevated blood pressure in both sexes. The ROC analysis shows WHtR has the highest area under curve (AUC) value of 0.669 in males, whereas BMI has an AUC of 0.804 in females, indicating it is a more effective predictor for high blood pressure. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (6.20; 5.30), anxiety (8.13; 6.69), alcohol use (11.81; 6.64), physical activity (8.32; 9.17), smoking (10.05; 10.44), and salt intake (6.31; 5.40) were all independently associated risk factors of hypertension, irrespective of sex. The study concluded that anthropometric markers such as BMI, WC, WHR, and WHtR could predict hypertension risk among the Phalee Tangkhul. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, salt intake, age, and anxiety are independent risk factors for high blood pressure.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test of a new method in the distinction between falls and blows on a postmortem CT-scans sample.","authors":"M鬡nie Henriques, Vincent Bonhomme, Marie-Dominique Piercecchi-Marti, Cl魥nce Delteil, Ana Carballeira-Alvarez, Pascal Adalian, Eug鮩a Cunha","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2025/1852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2025/1852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The discrimination between falls and blows is an important task in forensic anthropology and pathology. This research aimed to test a discrimination method between falls and blows. This method was created from the quotation of 549 types of fractures for 57 bones and 12 anatomical regions. Different models were tested according to the sensibility of random forest parameters and their effects on model accuracies. The best model was based on binary coding of 12 anatomical regions or 28 bones with or without baseline (age and sex). We tested this new method in the distinction between falls and blows on post-mortem computerized tomography scans (PMCT). The sample was composed of 47 subjects with 36 falls and 11 blows, whose aetiologia was based on forensic reports. Of the 47 bodies, 35 were complete, and 12 presented missing bones; 39 were estimated to be falls and 8 to be blows. Of the 12 individuals with missing bones, 11 had a reasonable estimation of the etiology of fractures, i.e., 91.7%. Methods showed excellent etiology estimation for fall cases (97.2%) but misclassified 36.4% of blow cases. Our method misclassified 5 subjects (10.6%), more precisely, 4 blows and 1 fall. Overall, the reliability of the estimation of the etiology is substantial, with a Cohens k-values of 0.67. The method could be used in distinguishing between blows and falls and is also suitable for fragmented or missing bones. To ensure an easy and fast use of this method, we have developed a freely available online automated tool (http://fracture.cloud).</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Egyptian Mummy Ankh-Khonsu in the Civic Archaeological Museum of Bergamo, Italy.","authors":"Sabina Malgora, Chantal Milani, Jonathan Elias, Francesca Motta, Gianpaolo Carrafiello, Alessandro Bulfoni, Luca Bernardo, Alessio Soggiu, Luca Criminelli, Luigi Bonizzi, Wilfried Rosendahl, Stephanie Zesch, Marco Nicola, Stefano Vanin, Stefania Casini","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2025/1781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2025/1781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On the occasion of the renewal of the Civic Archaeological Museum of Bergamo (BG), Italy, a complete multidisciplinary analysis of the Egyptian Mummy named Ankh-Khonsu has been performed. The current paper focuses on the results obtained by the anthropological analysis, the radiocarbon dating and the facial approximation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral elongated styloid process in an Early Middle Age individual from the south-east of Spain: elongation, angulation, and clinical implications.","authors":"Susana G-Gonzᬥz, Mar Balboa Alonso, Jose Manuel Gonzalo Orden, Miguel Oscar Balboa Arregui, Teresa Xim鮥z De Embún","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/1925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/1925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elongated styloid processes (>30 mm), medial-lateral angulation, and calcification/ossification of the stylohyoid ligament are key factors to consider when diagnosing Eagle syndrome. This case, presented within a historical context, aims to provide data on the prevalence, morphological variations, and clinical significance of this condition over time, thereby bridging the fields of paleopathology and modern clinical practice. An adult male (identified as T.26) with bilateral elongation of the stylohyoid complex was analysed. Dated to the 6^th7^th centuries CE from the necropolis of Cabezo Del Molino, Rojales, Alicante, Spain. Computed tomography (CT) was employed to study the elongated styloid processes and their paleopathological implications. The tomographic images enabled the measurement of the length of both styloid processes, as well as the medial-lateral angle. In this case, both stylohyoid complexes exceeded 30 mm in length, exhibited medial thickening, and showed partial calcification/ossification of the stylohyoid ligament. This irregular attachment between the styloid process and the ligament, combined with medial-lateral angulation (MLA), may contribute to clinical symptoms such as loss of vision and stroke, and could even lead to arterial dissection. Medial-lateral angulation of the styloid process, rather than its length alone, should be considered a potential cause of pathological symptoms. It should be noted that preservation of styloid processes in osteoarchaeological contexts is rare, and it is even rarer when it involves the elongation of both stylohyoid complexes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Birth parameters and parental factors influence on breastfeeding incidence in Polish population across three decades.","authors":"Anna Opoka, Paulina Pruszkowska-Przybylska, Elżbieta Żądzińska","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1775","DOIUrl":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> The purpose of the study was to select factors which importantly influencing the decision of breastfeeding in the first period of life over twenty years in the three cohorts in central Poland. <i>Materials and methods:</i> The analysis included 2159 children (1017 girls and 1142 boys). The data come from three cohorts investigated in the following years: 1993-1997, 2004-2008 and 2015-2017. In each cohort, parents completed questionnaires on the type of nutrition in the first months of life (breastfeeding versus formula feeding), child-birth parameters, duration of pregnancy, age and education of parents, and maternal smoking during pregnancy. Information about birth parameters, i.e., birth weight, birth length, birth head and chest circumference, gestational age (week of pregnancy) and Apgar score were taken from children's medical records. The Chi² test, U-Mann Whitney test and logistic regression were performed to check which factors significantly affected mother decision of breastfeeding. <i>Results:</i> We observed differences between factors which favor breastfeeding among three investigated cohorts. The factors significantly associated with breastfeeding only in cohort 1993-1997 were: birth parameters (higher birth length, higher body mass and higher chest circumference) and lower prevalence of exposition to cigarettes smoke during pregnancy. However, independently on tested cohort the logistic regression model indicated that the following factors correlated with the lack of breastfeeding: lower gestational age (E = -0.1663, <i>p</i> = 0.0182), higher maternal age (E = 0.1326, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), lower paternal age (E = -0.0526, <i>p</i> = 0.0345), secondary paternal education (E = 0.5138, <i>p</i> = 0.0024) vs. higher, lower maternal education (E = 0.7577, <i>p</i> = 0.0003) vs. higher, other season of birth than summer (E = -0.3650, <i>p</i> = 0.0439). <i>Conclusions:</i> Factors influencing the mother's decision to breastfeed independently on tested cohort were as a following: parental education and parental age, season of birth and duration of pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":"39-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}