Anthropologischer Anzeiger最新文献

{"title":"Test of a new method in the distinction between falls and blows on a postmortem CT-scans sample.","authors":"M鬡nie Henriques, Vincent Bonhomme, Marie-Dominique Piercecchi-Marti, Cl魥nce Delteil, Ana Carballeira-Alvarez, Pascal Adalian, Eug鮩a Cunha","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2025/1852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2025/1852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The discrimination between falls and blows is an important task in forensic anthropology and pathology. This research aimed to test a discrimination method between falls and blows. This method was created from the quotation of 549 types of fractures for 57 bones and 12 anatomical regions. Different models were tested according to the sensibility of random forest parameters and their effects on model accuracies. The best model was based on binary coding of 12 anatomical regions or 28 bones with or without baseline (age and sex). We tested this new method in the distinction between falls and blows on post-mortem computerized tomography scans (PMCT). The sample was composed of 47 subjects with 36 falls and 11 blows, whose aetiologia was based on forensic reports. Of the 47 bodies, 35 were complete, and 12 presented missing bones; 39 were estimated to be falls and 8 to be blows. Of the 12 individuals with missing bones, 11 had a reasonable estimation of the etiology of fractures, i.e., 91.7%. Methods showed excellent etiology estimation for fall cases (97.2%) but misclassified 36.4% of blow cases. Our method misclassified 5 subjects (10.6%), more precisely, 4 blows and 1 fall. Overall, the reliability of the estimation of the etiology is substantial, with a Cohens k-values of 0.67. The method could be used in distinguishing between blows and falls and is also suitable for fragmented or missing bones. To ensure an easy and fast use of this method, we have developed a freely available online automated tool (http://fracture.cloud).</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Egyptian Mummy Ankh-Khonsu in the Civic Archaeological Museum of Bergamo, Italy.","authors":"Sabina Malgora, Chantal Milani, Jonathan Elias, Francesca Motta, Gianpaolo Carrafiello, Alessandro Bulfoni, Luca Bernardo, Alessio Soggiu, Luca Criminelli, Luigi Bonizzi, Wilfried Rosendahl, Stephanie Zesch, Marco Nicola, Stefano Vanin, Stefania Casini","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2025/1781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2025/1781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On the occasion of the renewal of the Civic Archaeological Museum of Bergamo (BG), Italy, a complete multidisciplinary analysis of the Egyptian Mummy named Ankh-Khonsu has been performed. The current paper focuses on the results obtained by the anthropological analysis, the radiocarbon dating and the facial approximation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral elongated styloid process in an Early Middle Age individual from the south-east of Spain: elongation, angulation, and clinical implications.","authors":"Susana G-Gonzᬥz, Mar Balboa Alonso, Jose Manuel Gonzalo Orden, Miguel Oscar Balboa Arregui, Teresa Xim鮥z De Embún","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/1925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/1925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elongated styloid processes (>30 mm), medial-lateral angulation, and calcification/ossification of the stylohyoid ligament are key factors to consider when diagnosing Eagle syndrome. This case, presented within a historical context, aims to provide data on the prevalence, morphological variations, and clinical significance of this condition over time, thereby bridging the fields of paleopathology and modern clinical practice. An adult male (identified as T.26) with bilateral elongation of the stylohyoid complex was analysed. Dated to the 6^th7^th centuries CE from the necropolis of Cabezo Del Molino, Rojales, Alicante, Spain. Computed tomography (CT) was employed to study the elongated styloid processes and their paleopathological implications. The tomographic images enabled the measurement of the length of both styloid processes, as well as the medial-lateral angle. In this case, both stylohyoid complexes exceeded 30 mm in length, exhibited medial thickening, and showed partial calcification/ossification of the stylohyoid ligament. This irregular attachment between the styloid process and the ligament, combined with medial-lateral angulation (MLA), may contribute to clinical symptoms such as loss of vision and stroke, and could even lead to arterial dissection. Medial-lateral angulation of the styloid process, rather than its length alone, should be considered a potential cause of pathological symptoms. It should be noted that preservation of styloid processes in osteoarchaeological contexts is rare, and it is even rarer when it involves the elongation of both stylohyoid complexes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Birth parameters and parental factors influence on breastfeeding incidence in Polish population across three decades.","authors":"Anna Opoka, Paulina Pruszkowska-Przybylska, Elżbieta Żądzińska","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1775","DOIUrl":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> The purpose of the study was to select factors which importantly influencing the decision of breastfeeding in the first period of life over twenty years in the three cohorts in central Poland. <i>Materials and methods:</i> The analysis included 2159 children (1017 girls and 1142 boys). The data come from three cohorts investigated in the following years: 1993-1997, 2004-2008 and 2015-2017. In each cohort, parents completed questionnaires on the type of nutrition in the first months of life (breastfeeding versus formula feeding), child-birth parameters, duration of pregnancy, age and education of parents, and maternal smoking during pregnancy. Information about birth parameters, i.e., birth weight, birth length, birth head and chest circumference, gestational age (week of pregnancy) and Apgar score were taken from children's medical records. The Chi² test, U-Mann Whitney test and logistic regression were performed to check which factors significantly affected mother decision of breastfeeding. <i>Results:</i> We observed differences between factors which favor breastfeeding among three investigated cohorts. The factors significantly associated with breastfeeding only in cohort 1993-1997 were: birth parameters (higher birth length, higher body mass and higher chest circumference) and lower prevalence of exposition to cigarettes smoke during pregnancy. However, independently on tested cohort the logistic regression model indicated that the following factors correlated with the lack of breastfeeding: lower gestational age (E = -0.1663, <i>p</i> = 0.0182), higher maternal age (E = 0.1326, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), lower paternal age (E = -0.0526, <i>p</i> = 0.0345), secondary paternal education (E = 0.5138, <i>p</i> = 0.0024) vs. higher, lower maternal education (E = 0.7577, <i>p</i> = 0.0003) vs. higher, other season of birth than summer (E = -0.3650, <i>p</i> = 0.0439). <i>Conclusions:</i> Factors influencing the mother's decision to breastfeed independently on tested cohort were as a following: parental education and parental age, season of birth and duration of pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":"39-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in BMI and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents (11-15 years) from Kraków (Poland) during COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Paulina Artymiak, Magdalena Żegleń, Łukasz Kryst","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1746","DOIUrl":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In March 2020, the spread of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, triggered a pandemic of acute respiratory distress syndrome among people. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in BMI and in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents (11-15-year-olds) from Kraków (Poland) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two cross-sectional studies were performed in 2020 and 2022 in randomly selected elementary schools in 4 districts of Kraków. The study group was 1572 children between the ages of 11-15 years. BMI (Body Mass Index) was calculated. Participants were grouped using Cole's cut-off points. The statistical significance of differences between the groups was estimated using the two-way ANOVA and Chi² test. An increase in the prevalence of underweight and normal weight was observed in both sexes. In girls a decrease in the prevalence of obesity was noted, while in boys, the same tendency was present in some age groups. In girls, a decrease in the prevalence of overweight and in the average BMI was noted; in boys the trend was the opposite. The observed results may be correlated with changes in body composition and restrictions resulting from the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141318555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ankylosing spondylitis and heterotopic calcification: a case from the Prehispanic population of Buenavista del Norte (Tenerife, Canary Islands).","authors":"Emilio González-Reimers, Samuel James Cockerill, Efraín Marrero-Salas, Hacomar Ruiz-González, Emilio Vacas-Fumero, Matilde Arnay-de-la-Rosa","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1786","DOIUrl":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skeletal remains of an adult (estimated age at death ≈ 27-30 years) Prehispanic male with fusion in the sacroiliac joints showed a heterotopic ossification consisting of a flat, 10 × 5 cm bone formation covering the posterior aspect of the right sacroiliac joint. The bones were recovered from a burial cave containing remains of 4 individuals, located on the side of a ravine, in Buenavista del Norte (NW corner of Tenerife, Canary Islands), at ≈ 450 m altitude. This individual was probably affected by ankylosing spondylitis (AS) that led to bony fusion of the pelvic bones with the sacrum, but several unusual features prompted us to compare the pelvis with those belonging to two modern individuals affected by AS (20^th century) housed at the Department of Anatomy of the school of medicine (University of La Laguna, Tenerife). The Prehispanic individual possibly suffered a pelvic fracture that caused a hematoma which underwent ossification. Some features (periosteal reaction, formation of new foramina) may also suggest a superimposed infection. The fracture altered the pelvic structure, severely narrowing the right sciatic notch, possibly causing neural and/or vascular compromise of the lower limbs. Living in a steep mountainous environment, this individual (possibly a goatherder) probably suffered a fall, that caused the fracture complicated by a severe bleeding and pelvic deformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":"73-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141917736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excess weight and changes in body composition in boys and girls from La Plata district (Buenos Aires, Argentina) - a study with a secular perspective.","authors":"María Florencia Cesani, Mariela Garraza, María Fernanda Torres, María Laura Bergel Sanchís, Bárbara Navazo, María Eugenia Luna, Olivia Lopez Monja, Fabián Aníbal Quintero","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1778","DOIUrl":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the present study was to advance knowledge of the secular changes in the prevalence of excess weight (overweight and obesity) and body composition of children living in different localities of La Plata district (Buenos Aires province, Argentina) over the last two decades. For this purpose, anthropometric data and information on the socioeconomic and environmental context of residence of schoolchildren aged 4.0-12.9 years collected during 2005-2009 (Cohort 1, n = 1 233) and 2016-2019 (Cohort 2, n = 1 499) were analysed and compared. From a secular perspective, the current analysis showed that the socioeconomic and environmental conditions of families living in La Plata district have deteriorated in recent decades. In this context, child excess weight increased by 13% and body composition was altered, mainly as a result of an increase in fat mass, without observing changes in the muscle component.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":"7-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141318556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of handgrip strength with various anthropometric variables and musculoskeletal disorders among the Jat farmers of Haryana.","authors":"Chonsing Shimrah, Vaidehi Goswami, Tongbram Sarika Devi, Shivani Chandel","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1725","DOIUrl":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background and aim:</i> The handgrip strength test is mostly used as a proxy test of overall muscle strength and is associated with increased mortality and physical disability. Handgrip strength is affected by various factors, such as age, Height, weight, and BMI. This study aimed to investigate the association between handgrip strength, anthropometric variables, and musculoskeletal disorders among Jat farmers in Haryana. Methods and materials: 634 individuals between 35 and 75 years old from 15 villages in the Palwal District of Haryana were recruited for the study. Various anthropometric variables, namely, stature, weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist-height ratio (WHtR), body mass index (BMI), and handgrip strength (HGS), were obtained using the standard ISAK protocol. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire was used to measure musculoskeletal disorders. Handgrip strength was measured using a digital hand dynamometer. <i>Results:</i> Handgrip strength was significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in males than females, and participants with strong handgrip strength tended to be taller and heavier. Furthermore, significantly weaker handgrip strength was found in the older age group, individuals with MSD, and females. Factors such as Height, weight, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio were positively correlated with HGS, while MSD and waist-height ratio were negatively correlated with HGS. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that hand grip strength was independently associated with Sex, age, waist-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, and Body Mass Index (BMI). <i>Conclusion:</i> Our findings suggest that HGS is influenced by factors such as age, Height, weight, WC, WHR, and MSD in both males and females. Additionally, age, WHtR, and MSD negatively influenced the HGS. Previous studies have mostly suggested the influence of BMI and age on HGS, whereas the present study also found the influence of WC, WHR, WHtR, and MSDs on HGS. Therefore, future studies should incorporate more adiposity indicators in the assessment and intervention of strong hand grip strength among farmers to improve farm productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":"51-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of construction materials on the natural mummification process: case study of the municipal pantheon of Santa Paula, Guanajuato, Mexico.","authors":"María Jesús Puy Y Alquiza, Raúl Miranda Aviles, Gabriela A Zanor, Velia Yolanda Ordaz Zubia, Cristina Daniela Moncada Sánchez","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1772","DOIUrl":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The process of natural or spontaneous mummification has been observed for more than a hundred years in various Mexican pantheons. The construction materials used in the niches of the pantheons generate particular microenvironmental conditions that promote the preservation of organic materials. The construction materials (mining adobe, brick and stone material) that make up the three series of the municipal pantheon of Santa Paula were studied and analyzed using X-ray Diffraction, X-ray Fluorescence and petrographic analysis techniques. At the same time, the mechanical and physical properties of the materials were determined, as well as the relative humidity and temperature within the niches. The results indicate that the geochemistry, distribution and percentage of said materials inside of the niches created exceptional microclimatic conditions that favored the conservation of the bodies. With this contribution we intend to advance the understanding of the influence that construction materials had on the process of natural mummification.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":"89-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Height increase was observed in urban areas but not in rural areas for births from 1885 to 1912 in Iwate, Japan.","authors":"Takahiro Mitsui","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1795","DOIUrl":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have reported that height reduction due to urbanization during the early industrial period was not observed in Japan. This study analyzed the data from 20-year- old conscript examinations from 1905 to 1932 (for individuals born between 1885 and 1912) in Iwate Prefecture, northern Japan. Secular trends in height, weight, body mass index (BMI), prevalence of trachoma, and secondary education attainment classified by Morioka City, the prefectural capital, and 13 counties were examined. Before the 1880s births, the height of those in Morioka was approximately 159 cm, the same height as those in rural areas. After 1880, the height of those in Morioka increased to more than 161 cm in the early 1900s, while the height of those in rural areas remained constant. Large declines in height, > 0.5 cm, were seen in those born in the year or following year of a natural disaster, epidemic, or economic depression. This result may suggest that height increased in urban areas as life improved, experiencing temporary deterioration of their living environment due to recession, natural disasters, and epidemics, whereas height changed little in rural areas because life remained almost the same during the early industrial period in Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":"29-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141917737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}