Anthropologischer Anzeiger最新文献

{"title":"Height increase was observed in urban areas but not in rural areas for births from 1885 to 1912 in Iwate, Japan.","authors":"Takahiro Mitsui","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1795","DOIUrl":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have reported that height reduction due to urbanization during the early industrial period was not observed in Japan. This study analyzed the data from 20-year- old conscript examinations from 1905 to 1932 (for individuals born between 1885 and 1912) in Iwate Prefecture, northern Japan. Secular trends in height, weight, body mass index (BMI), prevalence of trachoma, and secondary education attainment classified by Morioka City, the prefectural capital, and 13 counties were examined. Before the 1880s births, the height of those in Morioka was approximately 159 cm, the same height as those in rural areas. After 1880, the height of those in Morioka increased to more than 161 cm in the early 1900s, while the height of those in rural areas remained constant. Large declines in height, > 0.5 cm, were seen in those born in the year or following year of a natural disaster, epidemic, or economic depression. This result may suggest that height increased in urban areas as life improved, experiencing temporary deterioration of their living environment due to recession, natural disasters, and epidemics, whereas height changed little in rural areas because life remained almost the same during the early industrial period in Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":"29-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141917737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in body proportions and body fat content in GH-deficient and non-GH-deficient children during the first year of growth hormone treatment.","authors":"Anna Majcher, Małgorzata Rumińska, Ewelina Witkowska-Sędek, Monika Paluchowska, Maria Krajewska, Dorota Artemniak-Wojtowicz, Beata Pyrżak","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1763","DOIUrl":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Introduction:</i> The growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis (GH/IGF-1) is crucial for longitudinal bone growth and exerts several metabolic effects. It is debatable whether and how the recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment affects the trunk-limb proportions. <i>Aim of the study:</i> We aim to evaluate the changes in body proportions and body fat content in short children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD), children born small for gestational age (SGA), and girls with Turner syndrome (TS) during the first year of rhGH therapy. <i>Material and methods:</i> The data of 70 children with GHD, 40 children born SGA, and 36 girls with TS from 1998 to 2019 were analyzed. The following parameters were measured: height, body weight, sitting height, and two skinfolds on the arm above the triceps brachii and below the scapula at the beginning of rhGH therapy and after the first year of treatment. Sitting height and lower limb length were presented as percentages (%) of body height. Fat mass percentage (%FAT) was calculated using the Slaughter formula. <i>Results:</i> At the beginning of rhGH, TS girls had the greatest height deficit (-2.7 SDS), the highest sitting height (%), and the lowest lower limb length (%) compared to children with GHD and children born SGA. Moreover, TS girls had higher body weight SDS, BMI SDS compared to SGA children (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and higher %FAT compared to both GHD and SGA children (<i>p</i> < 0.001 for both). After the first year of rhGH therapy, a significant increase in lower limb share (%) and a decrease in %FAT were observed in all the study groups. TS girls still had significantly higher sitting height (%), shorter lower limbs (%), and higher %FAT, body weight SDS, and BMI SDS compared to children with GHD and children born SGA (<i>p</i> < 0.05 for all variables). <i>Conclusions:</i> Our results show that rhGH treatment could increase lower limb length in relation to height and reduce fat mass in treated children. Girls with TS had the largest baseline body disproportions and the highest body fat content. Despite a satisfactory reduction in height deficit, after the first year of rhGH therapy, these girls had still higher body weight SDS, BMI SDS, %FAT, the highest sitting height (%), and the lowest lower limb length (%) compared to children with GHD and born SGA.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":"19-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141443516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-evaluating the human remains from El Bosquet cave (Mont-ral, Tarragona, Spain): healed trauma and forgotten past.","authors":"Miguel Ángel Moreno-Ibáñez, Raquel Hernando, Marta Yustos, John C Willman, Josep M Vergès","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1782","DOIUrl":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the early development of archaeology in Spain, many of the materials obtained from excavations were later forgotten in museum deposits. However, re-investigation of these collections with contemporary methodologies can still contribute valuable knowledge. This study presents the case of El Bosquet Cave (Mont-ral, Tarragona, Spain), located in the Northeastern Iberian Peninsula. This cave was excavated and documented in 1956 and the recovered materials were transferred, years later, to the Reus Museum, where they are currently located. Our results provide a more precise Middle Bronze Age chronology for the site in addition to bioarchaeological conclusions on the human remains from four individuals. Of note is a healed mandibular fracture in one of the individuals. Trauma observed in human skeletal remains reflect the conditions and risks of human groups in relation to daily activities or may be the result of interpersonal violence. In the Iberian Peninsula there are very few documented cases of mandibular fractures in prehistoric populations. This study contributes to the knowledge of the populations of the recent prehistory in the region of Catalonia and highlights the importance of reanalyzing the collections that are deposited and, in many cases forgotten, in the different museums of the territory.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":"63-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141917738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability of lesions and lesion patterns in possible treponematosis cases: Insights from an archaeological site in Tomar, Portugal.","authors":"Ana Curto, Teresa Fernandes, Cláudia Relvado, Sónia Ferro, Célia Lopes","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1764","DOIUrl":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective:</i> This study aims to describe various types of skeletal lesions and lesion patterns observed in five potential cases of treponematosis from the same archaeological site. <i>Material and methods:</i> The study examines five adult skeletons recovered from Santa Maria do Olival, Tomar, Portugal. Macroscopic observations were conducted on all remains, supplemented by relevant radiographic investigations. <i>Results:</i> The analyzed individuals exhibited diverse types of skeletal lesions and distinct patterns of lesion distribution. Radiocarbon dating of two of these skeletons locates them chronologically close to the beginning of the colonial period (15^th century). <i>Discussion:</i> The findings indicate considerable variation in the lesions and lesion patterns associated with treponematosis, even within the same archaeological site. The radiocarbon data implies the presence of pre-Columbian treponemal disease or a rapid progression to the tertiary phase of the disease. This study represents the oldest cases of treponematosis in Portugal and the only one with more than one individual affected from the same archaeological site. Considering Portugal's prominent role in the European Age of Exploration, the study underscores the significance of pathogen exchanges between Europeans, South Americans, Africans, and Asians. Future investigations should reassess Iberian osteological collections from this time period, given the historical importance of Portugal and Spain in the intercontinental movements.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":"107-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex estimation via the measurement of the seventh cervical vertebrae on Computerized Tomography images.","authors":"Gökmen Karabag, Volkan Zeybek, Fatma Can, Mehmet Sunay Yavuz","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2024/1837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Sex estimation from skeletal remains is crucial for estimating an individuals biological profile. Although the pelvis and skull are most commonly used for sex estimation, other skeletal elements, e.g., the vertebrae, have reportedly demonstrated acceptable accuracy rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of using seventh cervical vertebra measurements on computed tomography images for sex estimation. <i>Material and methods:</i> Cervical computed tomography images of 300 female and 300 male patients (= 20 aged 60 = years) were evaluated. Sex estimation modeling was performed with eight measurements of the seventh cervical vertebrae, and indices and corpus volume obtained from the measurements. Corpus length and width, foramen vertebra length and width, corpus height, spinous process angle, and spinous process height and length of each seventh cervical vertebra were measured. Foramen vertebral index, spinous process index, and corpus volume were used as indices. The Independent Sample T test was used to compare the means of two independent groups showing normal distribution, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for data that were not normally distributed. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed using the Forward Wald approach in modeling the categorical dependent variable with independent variables. <i>Results:</i> According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, sex estimation from measurements was 87.7% accurate, whereas index and volume were up to 85.3% accurate. <i>Conclusions:</i> In conclusion, the seventh cervical vertebra is dimorphic with a high accuracy rate for the Turkish population and can be used for sex estimation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Man and humankind in motion how active is mankind today?","authors":"Annette Schneider","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2024/1830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Being physically active is fundamental to maintaining good health and plays an important role in childrens development. In adults, but also in children and adolescents, activity levels have been declining for years and sitting times are increasing, with the result that the physical activity recommendations developed by the WHO are no longer being achieved by everyone. The reasons for this lie in the changed living environment, which is becoming increasingly inactive. This trend has become even more pronounced due to the restrictions imposed by the corona virus pandemic. This particularly affected 10 to 17-year-olds, 50% of whom have reduced their activity time; this figure was 26% for 3 to 5-year-olds and 37% for 6 to 9-year-olds. Overall, 70% of children and young people have increased their (inactive) media time. There is an urgent need to design exercise programmes to increase physical activity by children and young people. The finding that sport is practised because it is fun would be helpful here. Furthermore, the lack of staff in day-care centres must be remedied, as this has proven to be the most important inhibiting factor for the implementation of physical activity programmes. As behavioural patterns are already formed in early childhood, the focus for promoting physical activity should be on the day-care centre setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population-specific equations for stature estimation using forearm bones: insights from Northeastern Thailands diverse ethnic landscape.","authors":"Worrawit Boonthai, Kaemisa Srisen, Chanasorn Poodendaen, Phetcharat Phetnui, Supatsapa Unsri, Sitthichai Iamsaard, Manjil Hazarika, Suthat Duangchit","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2024/1854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stature estimation from skeletal remains is crucial in forensic anthropology. This study aimed to develop population-specific equations for stature estimation using ulna and radius measurements in a Northeastern Thai population, a region known for its ethnic diversity. A total of 400 ulnae and 400 radii (200 of each bone from each sex) were analyzed from dry bone specimens. The study objectives were to: (1) develop and validate regression equations for stature estimation, (2) investigate sex differences in the relationship between forearm bone lengths and stature, and (3) compare the accuracy of these equations with existing formulae for other populations. Results showed significant sexual dimorphism in stature and bone lengths. The mean stature was 164.93 ± 6.54 cm for males and 156.21 ± 5.81 cm for females (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between bone lengths and stature, with stronger correlations in males (ulna: r = 0.670; radius: r = 0.663) compared to females (ulna: r = 0.402; radius: r = 0.393). Regression equations for the pooled sample yielded coefficients of determination (r²) of 0.516 for ulna and 0.509 for radius. Sex-specific equations demonstrated higher accuracy, particularly for males. The standard error of estimate ranged from 4.87 cm to 5.35 cm across all equations. These findings suggest that ulna and radius lengths are reliable predictors of stature in the Northeastern Thai population, with sex-specific equations offering improved accuracy. This study contributes to the development of population-specific standards in forensic anthropology and highlights the importance of considering sexual dimorphism in stature estimation. The results have significant implications for forensic investigations and archaeological studies in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fingerprints as indicators of craftworkers age and sex in a sample of clay ushabtis from TT 209, Luxor, Egypt.","authors":"Esperanza Guti鲲ez-Redomero, Jesús Herrer LastName, Miguel Ángel Molinero Polo","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2024/1753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article analyses fingerprints identified on a set of backed clay Egyptian funerary figurines, known as ushabtis. The strata in which they were found dates from the late Persian to the early Ptolemaic dynasties (ca. fifth to third centuries BCE), but the objects might have been made some two centuries earlier, during the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty (ca. 747656 BCE), and then reused for a later burial. The authors propose that fingerprints preserved on ancient objects can be used to understand the roles that age and sex played in the organization of production systems in ancient societies. The Mean Ridge Breadth (MRB) and Mean Ridge Density (MRD) of each discrete fingerprint was measured. The craftworkers ages and heights were calculated from the MRB using specific regression equations, and their probable sex was determined by correlating the MRD with that of the reference population (contemporary Sudan). An age/sex identification matrix was then created to combine the results of MRB and MRD determinations for each piece. The results show, with high probability, that around 90% of the ushabtis were made by female adolescents between the ages of 11 and 16, and the remainder by children and some adult women. A minimum of between four and eight craftworkers manufactured the ushabtis, and due to their age and the relatively low level of skill required, it is proposed that they are likely to have been in the learning phase of their trade.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stature estimation equations from fragmentary long bones based on a modern Eastern Mediterranean assemblage.","authors":"Hannah Lee, Nikolaos Podaras, Efthymia Nikita, Maria-Eleni Chovalopoulou, Nefeli Garoufi","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2024/1850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stature estimation is central in forensic anthropology and very important in bioarchaeology. For this reason, several different methods have been proposed, employing different skeletal elements and statistical approaches. A major issue with skeletonized individuals is that their bones are often found fragmented, a taphonomic parameter that limits the application of many available methods. As a result, attempts have been made to create equations to predict either directly stature or long bone length (which can then be used with current stature prediction equations) from bone fragments. The current paper is a contribution in this direction. The femur, tibia and humerus of 76 individuals from a modern Greek skeletal collection were divided into different segments using a landmark approach. Subsequently, univariate and multivariate equations were created to predict both maximum long bone length and stature from the \"bone fragments\". The models varied in performance depending on the specific bone fragment used, the number of variables simultaneously employed for prediction and the sex of the individuals. Although the models used to directly predict stature from bone fragment dimensions should be treated cautiously because the stature of the assemblage from the Athens Collection had itself been anatomically estimated, the results are valuable towards highlighting the complex association between bone dimensions, long bone length and living/estimated stature.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kin investment biases of aunts and uncles: associations with phenotypic resemblance and sociodemographic characteristics.","authors":"Alireza Nikakhtar, Sylvia Kirchengast, Adel Bazram, Zohreh Rafezi","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2024/1787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Higher investment in maternal than paternal aunts and uncles is explained by the \"paternity uncertainty hypothesis\". Regardless of laterality, however, aunts show a greater degree of investment than uncles, which is attributed to sex-specific reproductive strategies. Resemblance cues can be used as indicators of genetic relatedness. The central hypothesis of the current study was that perceived phenotypic resemblance between aunts/uncles and niblings would be associated with aunts' and uncles' investment. The association was predicted to be stronger with respect to patrilateral than matrilateral aunts and uncles and stronger with respect to patrilateral aunts than patrilateral uncles. 243 Iranians aged between 15 and 50 participated in a retrospective analysis and filled out a 52-item questionnaire focusing on the solicitude, emotional closeness, and contact frequency between aunts/uncles and their nephews/nieces. In addition, the participants had to rate their phenotypic resemblance with their aunts and uncles. Aunts' and uncles' solicitude, emotional closeness, and contact frequency were differentially expressed according to sex and laterality. Maternal aunts showed the significantly highest emotional closeness, contact frequency, and investment, while the opposite was true for paternal uncles. Moreover, investment was correlated with phenotypic resemblance. Such association was stronger for patrilateral than matrilateral aunts and uncles, and concerning solicitude it was stronger for patrilateral aunts than patrilateral uncles. The resemblance-based kin recognition mechanism among aunts and uncles was self- rather than family-referent. In conclusion, phenotypic similarity can be used as a cue to genetic kinship and is correlated with the investment of aunts and uncles. However, such associations also depend on the degree of genetic relatedness and the differential kin investment provided by each sex.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}