Anthropologischer Anzeiger最新文献

{"title":"Historical, demographic, curatorial and legal aspects of the BoneMedLeg human skeletal reference collection (Porto, Portugal).","authors":"Hugo F V Cardoso,&nbsp;Luísa Marinho,&nbsp;Inês Morais Caldas,&nbsp;Katerina Puentes,&nbsp;Marina Andrade,&nbsp;Alice Toso,&nbsp;Sandra Assis,&nbsp;Teresa Magalhães","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2019/1023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2019/1023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The BoneMedLeg research project was developed to address current research concerns related to the use of skeletal reference collections for forensic purposes. These concerns were partly addressed by amassing a new reference collection which incorporates unclaimed human remains sourced from two municipal cemeteries in the city of Porto, Portugal. Amassed between 2012 and 2014 the collection was developed with permission from and in partnership with the Municipality of Porto, in a manner that is similar to that of other skeletal reference collections in Portugal. Traditionally, municipalities have bequeathed human remains that are cleared from temporary primary and secondary burial plots at local cemeteries and deemed unclaimed, to museums and universities for research purposes. The BoneMedLeg collection currently includes a total of 95 individuals, of which only 81 are fully identified (38 males and 43 females), with ages ranging from 21 days to 94 years, and a mean age of about 62 years. Years of death range from 1969 to 2003, and years of birth from 1891 to 1969. Only about half of the individuals are documented as to cause of death, which includes a considerable diversity of etiologies, from oncological to cardiovascular system disorders, and also traumatic injuries. The collection is more representative of an unskilled working class and aged population, due to one of the main sourced cemeteries disproportionately serving more socioeconomic disadvantaged communities and reflecting the demographics of the city over the past 40 years. In addition to describing the history and curatorial process of the collection in detail, this paper also discusses its broad legal framework and potential biases in its profile and composition which can inform and help plan future research projects.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"77 1","pages":"57-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37464952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blunt force trauma: an exceptional example of an ancient Egyptian mummy head.","authors":"Stephanie Zesch,&nbsp;Burkhard Madea,&nbsp;Tanja Pommerening,&nbsp;Stephanie Panzer,&nbsp;Thomas Henzler,&nbsp;Michel Polfer,&nbsp;Sonja Janssen,&nbsp;Ronny Friedrich,&nbsp;Susanne Lindauer,&nbsp;Wilfried Rosendahl","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2020/1060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2020/1060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the course of a scientific cooperation between the German Mummy Project at the Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen, Mannheim (Germany) and the Musée National d'Histoire et d'Art Luxembourg (Luxembourg), an ancient Egyptian mummy head was analyzed using a multidisciplinary approach including radiocarbon dating, ultra-high resolution computed tomography, physical anthropology, forensic medicine and Egyptology. Dated to the Roman Period, the mummy head belonged to an upper-class woman between 25 and 35 years of age. Computed tomography revealed a lethal blunt force trauma affecting the dorsal parts of the parietal bones, below the intact overlaying soft tissue. Moreover, ancient medical treatment was evidenced through localized shaving of the hair on the affected area, which indicates that efforts have been made to keep the woman alive. This astonishing example of homicide demonstrates the enormous scientific benefit brought by the multidisciplinary investigation of mummified bodies and body parts, and sheds light on life, death and medical care of a woman from Roman Period Egypt.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"77 1","pages":"75-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37545694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Bone former\" hypothesis based on the selected medieval and early modern skeletal population from Poland.","authors":"Anna Myszka,&nbsp;Dawid Trzciński,&nbsp;Jacek Tomczyk","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2019/1004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2019/1004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to the \"bone former\" hypothesis, individuals may prone to new bone formation (osteophytes) in response to stress. Not many studies have addressed the bone formation conundrum, and previous findings are not unanimous. Determining the validity of the \"bone former\" concept is crucial for the reliable interpretation of osteophytes in past skeletal populations. This study set out to demonstrate that a relationship exists between vertebral and extravertebral osteophytes. The bone material used in the study came from the late medieval, early modern (14^th to 16^th century) population from Łekno (Poland), and included the skeletons of 188 adults (110 males, 56 females). Marginal osteophytes were scored in the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee and ankle. Vertebral osteophytes were analysed on the upper and lower margins of the vertebral body. The results showed that vertebral osteophytes were correlated with osteophytes in the shoulder (<i>r</i> = 0.578, <i>p</i> = 0.003), elbow (<i>r</i> = 0.416, <i>p</i> = 0.034), wrist (<i>r</i> = 0.619, <i>p</i> = 0.001), hip (<i>r</i> = 0.411, <i>p</i> = 0.024), and all the joints combined (<i>r</i> = 0.446, <i>p</i> = 0.014). Significant relationships between vertebral and extravertebral osteophytes were noted in the female group. It can be claimed that individuals are predicted/or not to be bone formers but whether these bone changes occur depends on the individual lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"77 1","pages":"47-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37444823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indirect evidence for biological mortality bias in growth from two temporo-spatially distant samples of children.","authors":"Laure Spake,&nbsp;Hugo F V Cardoso","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2019/0957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2019/0957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biological mortality bias in growth is a challenge to the analysis and understanding of past populations. In this analysis, we address two interrelated aspects of the bias: its potential magnitude in terms of linear growth and the association between height and survivorship. A contemporary sample of 292 children, whose recumbent length was measured at autopsy in Cuyahoga County, USA, was used to quantify the magnitude of mortality bias. Differences between survivors and non-survivors were quantified using t-tests and Cohen's d for effect size. While survivors were consistently taller than non-survivors, the difference did not become significant until after 7 years of age. A historical sample of 656 girls, whose height and weight were measured at admission to a tuberculosis sanitarium, was used to examine the relationship between height, weight, and survivorship. The survivors and non-survivors were compared using t-tests and Cohen's d, and odds of survival were modeled with logistic regression. Surviving girls were consistently taller and heavier than non-surviving girls. However, while taller girls were more somewhat more likely to survive, survivorship was more strongly associated with heavier weight at admission. Taken together, these results suggest that while mortality bias in growth may exist, it may not be large enough to impact interpretations of past population growth patterns. It should be noted that this is the case only if mortality bias does not vary significantly between different populations and if it does not significantly affect dental development.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"76 5","pages":"379-390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1127/anthranz/2019/0957","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37009079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the A/T polymorphism of the <i>FTO</i> gene and sport specializations on the body composition of young Russian athletes.","authors":"Olga I Parfenteva,&nbsp;Detlef Groth,&nbsp;Christiane Scheffler,&nbsp;Maria F Zaharova","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2019/0943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2019/0943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> The polymorphism in <i>FTO</i> gene (rs9939609) is known to be associated with higher BMI and body fat mass content. However, environmental factors can modify this effect. The purpose of the present study was to investigate an association between sport specialization and the rs9939609 SNP in <i>FTO</i> gene in the cohort of professional and amateur young athletes. <i>Methods:</i> A total number of 250 young individuals 8-18 years old living in Moscow or Moscow district participated in the study. Individuals were divided into 3 groups in accordance with their physical activity level: control group (n = 49), amateurs (n = 67) and professionals (n = 137). Amateur and professional athletes were subdivided into groups according to their sport specialization. Quantile regression was used as a regression model, where the dependent (outcome) variable was BMI, along with percentage of body fat mass, and the independent variables (predictors) were the rs9939609 SNP in <i>FTO</i> gene, physical activity (active versus inactive), sport specialization (aerobic, intermittent sports and martial arts), nationality, level of sport experience (in years), gender and percentage of free fat mass content. <i>Results:</i> The regression analysis revealed that physical activity and sport specialization had greater impact compared to <i>FTO</i> allele in the group of physically active individuals. Physical activity, in particular aerobic, had negative associations with body fat mass and BMI. The rs9939609 SNP in <i>FTO</i> gene is associated with physical activity and aerobic activity. The magnitude of association becomes significantly larger at the upper quantiles of the body fat mass distribution. <i>Conclusion:</i> Physical activity and sport specialization explained more variance in body composition of physically active young individuals compared to the <i>FTO</i> polymorphism. Effect of interaction of physical activity, in particular aerobic, with the <i>FTO</i> polymorphism on body composition of young athletes was found.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"76 5","pages":"401-408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1127/anthranz/2019/0943","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37051069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between socioeconomic status, duration of breastfeeding, parental age and birth parameters with BMI, body fat and muscle mass among prepubertal children in Poland.","authors":"Paulina Pruszkowska-Przybylska,&nbsp;Aneta Sitek,&nbsp;Iwona Rosset,&nbsp;Elżbieta Żądzińska,&nbsp;Marta Sobalska-Kwapis,&nbsp;Marcin Słomka,&nbsp;Dominik Strapagiel","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2019/0955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2019/0955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objectives:</i> We aimed to indicate simple determinants of abnormal body composition in children, such as socio-economic status (SES), duration of breastfeeding, parental age and birth parameters. <i>Methods:</i> The final data set consisted of 469 healthy prepubertal individuals (247 girls and 222 boys). We studied body mass, body height, and parameters of body composition such as muscle mass and fat mass. The birth parameters and gestational age were obtained from the children's medical record books held by the parents which were completed by medical personnel immediately following birth. Information about socio-economic status (SES), duration of breastfeeding and parental age was obtained by questionnaire. The statistical methods included forward multiple regression and generalized linear models (GLZ) or general linear model (GLM). <i>Results:</i> Higher fat mass (FM) (%) was connected with shorter duration of breastfeeding (< 2 months and lower SES (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Lower muscle mass (MM) (%) was linked with lower SES (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and lower birth weight (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Higher body mass index (BMI) was connected with higher birth weight (p < 0.05), shorter duration of breastfeeding (< 2 months) and lower SES (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Moreover interaction effects were observed in the case of the FM (%) (breastfeeding x SES; breastfeeding x parental age) and the BMI (breastfeeding x paternal age). <i>Conclusions:</i> Body composition can be linked with the duration of breastfeeding, SES, parental age, birth weight and birth length.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"76 5","pages":"409-419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1127/anthranz/2019/0955","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37008698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lack of evidence of nutritional influence on height in four low and middle-income countries.","authors":"Rebekka Mumm,&nbsp;Christiane Scheffler","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2019/0988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2019/0988","url":null,"abstract":"'Nutrition influences height' has been a common concept for the last decades. Recently, contradictory results occurred when studying the effectiveness of nutritional interventions, questioning the interaction of nutrition and height. Therefore, we hypothesize that, independently of population/country, nutrition does not affect height in children and adolescents. We analyzed data from the study \"Young Lives\" which was performed in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam to describe the health situation of children. We used linear mixed effect models to analyze the influence of nutrition on height. Furthermore, we used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test if the commonly assumed hypothetical interaction of height and nutrition can be supported by data from low and middle-income countries. Estimates for nutrition on height of linear mixed effect models were about zero and randomly significant or non-significant in all analyzed countries. Furthermore, SEM led to the rejection of the 'nutrition influences height'-hypothesis, as data did not support the models based on this hypothesis. We do not find evidence for a nutritional influence on height in children and adolescents from low and middle-income countries. The widespread assumption that inadequate diet is reflected in short stature, which all modern nutritional interventions are based on, needs to be critically reviewed.","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"76 5","pages":"421-432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1127/anthranz/2019/0988","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37296904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Popular ideas and convictions about factors influencing the growth as well as the adult height of children: a German-French comparison.","authors":"Francis Friebel,&nbsp;Michael Hermanussen,&nbsp;Christiane Scheffler","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2019/0972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2019/0972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Common knowledge suggests that growth in height is influenced by nutrition, genetics, health, and environmental and general living conditions. In addition, modern studies showed that also social mobility and dominance within the social group, may significantly affect adolescent growth and final height. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of popular ideas and beliefs about factors influencing the growth on the biology of child and adolescent growth. We hypothesized that these beliefs are culture-specific and age-dependent. We investigated 307 French and 315 German participants of all age-groups. We collected polarising statements by questionnaire that the participants had to agree or disagree on. French participants see a connection between nutrition and the body height of children. This is different in Germany and may be due to the fact that French food culture is more traditional. Genetic factors were generally overestimated and considered as the most important determinants of longitudinal-growth. The participants denied an influence of disease and social status. Participants over 35 years of age considered adult height to be independent of environmental factors. In conclusion, popular beliefs partly depend on culture and appear to change with age as a result of growing experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"76 5","pages":"365-370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1127/anthranz/2019/0972","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37336689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body height in stunted Indonesian children depends directly on parental education and not via a nutrition mediated pathway - Evidence from tracing association chains by St. Nicolas House Analysis.","authors":"Detlef Groth,&nbsp;Christiane Scheffler,&nbsp;Michael Hermanussen","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2019/1027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2019/1027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Multiple linear correlations between parameters can be shown in correlation matrices. Correlations can be ranked, but can also be visualized in network graphs. Yet, translating a correlation matrix into a network graph is not trivial. In view of a popular child game, we propose to name this method St. Nicolas House Analysis. <i>Material and methods:</i> We present a new method (St. Nicolas House Analysis) that helps translating correlation matrices into network graphs. The performance of this and other network reconstruction methods was tested in randomly created virtual scale-free networks, networks consisting of bands or hubs, using balanced classification rate and the F1-Score for correctly predicting existing and non-existing edges. Thereafter we analyzed anthropometric data and information on parental education, obtained from an anthropometric survey in 908 Indonesian boys and 808 Indonesian girls. Seven parameters were analyzed: child height standard deviation score (hSDS), child BMI standard deviation scores (BMI_SDS), mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC), mean thickness of subscapular and triceps skinfold (mean SF), and elbow breadth; as well as maternal and paternal education (years of schooling). The parameters were considered as the nodes of the network; the edges represent the correlations between the nodes. <i>Results:</i> Performance measures, balanced classification rate and the F1-score, showed that St. Nicolas' House Analysis was superior to methods using sophisticated correlation value thresholds and methods based on partial correlations for analyzing bands and hubs. We applied this method also in an Indonesia data set. Ranking correlations showed the direct association between parental education and child growth. <i>Conclusion:</i> St. Nicolas House Analysis confirmed that growth of Indonesian school children directly depends on maternal education, with no evidence that this effect is mediated by the state of nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"76 5","pages":"445-451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1127/anthranz/2019/1027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37159089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reference tables with centiles of limb to body height ratios of healthy human adults for assessing potential thalidomide embryopathy.","authors":"Anna Reimann,&nbsp;Rudolf Beyer,&nbsp;Rebekka Mumm,&nbsp;Christiane Scheffler","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2019/0981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2019/0981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Over 60 years ago the biggest drug catastrophe in Germany took place. The drug thalidomide, sold by the German pharmaceutical company Chemie Grünenthal GmbH starting in 1957 under the name \"Contergan\", caused severe birth defects in newborns. Chemie Grünenthal withdraw Contergan in 1961. Until nearly 30 years later in 1988 there were already over 10.000 children born with severe birth defects (e.g. dysmelia, amelia, congenital heart defect). Due to the high variability of the birth defects caused by thalidomide, later called thalidomide embryopathy, there is still no detailed information about the proportions of limbs. <i>Aim</i>: The aim is to develop reference centiles for limb measurements of men and women aged 19-70 years old. <i>Method</i>: For the calculation, data of healthy men and women (m = 2984, f = 2838) from former East Germany were used and centiles using the LMS-method were developed. <i>Results</i>: Centile tables for arm and leg length of men and women are presented in the results. The variability is small due to a homogeneous distribution of the measurements. A test with randomly chosen patient data shows that women under 171 cm stature and men under 180 cm stature can be assessed correctly. A severe shortening of limbs can be detected with this method.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"76 5","pages":"391-400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1127/anthranz/2019/0981","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37054162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}