Anthropologischer Anzeiger最新文献

{"title":"Suggested mechanism of <i>CCR5Δ32, CCR2-64I</i> and <i>SDF 1-3'A</i> allele frequency change in Polish and Lithuanian gene pools from the perspective of passing time.","authors":"Łukasz J Śledziński, Alicja Zamerska, Krystyna Jędrychowska-Dańska, Tadeusz Strózik, Tomasz Wasiak, Tomasz Płoszaj, Piotr Witas, Henryk W Witas, Maciej Borowiec, Justyna Agier","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1637","DOIUrl":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aimed to determine the frequency of the alleles associated with hereditary immune response in 16 historical populations and assess which evolutionary forces may have contributed to the observed frequency fluctuation. The analysed polymorphic sites are located in three genes - CCR5, CCR2 and SDF 1 (CXCL12). Protein products are involved in the innate immune response and are also involved in various types of infections, autoimmune diseases and tumours. The frequency of the alleles found in the DNA of the studied individuals was determined by the Sanger methodology and was compared with the data obtained for modern populations. To confirm the authenticity of the obtained results, mtDNA HVRI haplotypes of all the studied samples were obtained and compared with the genetic database of the laboratory personnel who came into contact with the studied material. Based on the variability of allele frequency, advanced biostatistical analysis was used to distinguish the effect of natural selection from genetic drift, i.e. the forces operating on the polymorphic sites studied. All procedures were performed according to the guidelines for working with ancient DNA to avoid contamination with modern DNA molecules. 681 samples from 39 archaeological sites in Poland and Lithuania dated to the 40^th century BC and the 19^th century were studied. The biostatistical analysis showed that the fluctuations in the frequency of CCR5Δ32 in the analysed time interval could be mainly the effect of genetic drift. Nevertheless, for CCR2-64I and SDF 1-3'A, the results confirm the suggestion of negative selection as the mechanism involved. Since all the polymorphic sites encode the elements of innate immune response that are indirectly associated with the process of an HPV infection and the development of cervical cancer, the human papillomavirus may be a good candidate for a selection coefficient affecting the frequency of CCR2-64I and SDF 1-3'A. However, for CCR5Δ32, selection was not detected despite its proven role in the molecular mechanism involved in the response to an HPV infection. The presented work seems to be the first in which the problem of the pattern of CCR5Δ32, CCR2-64I and SDF 1-3'A frequency fluctuations in a temporal perspective was discussed, proposing HPV as a factor influencing the occurrence of the CCR2 and SDF1 alleles.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":"261-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stature estimation equations from fragmentary long bones based on a modern Eastern Mediterranean assemblage.","authors":"Hannah Lee, Nikolaos Podaras, Efthymia Nikita, Maria-Eleni Chovalopoulou, Nefeli Garoufi","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1850","DOIUrl":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stature estimation is central in forensic anthropology and very important in bioarchaeology. For this reason, several different methods have been proposed, employing different skeletal elements and statistical approaches. A major issue with skeletonized individuals is that their bones are often found fragmented, a taphonomic parameter that limits the application of many available methods. As a result, attempts have been made to create equations to predict either directly stature or long bone length (which can then be used with current stature prediction equations) from bone fragments. The current paper is a contribution in this direction. The femur, tibia and humerus of 76 individuals from a modern Greek skeletal collection were divided into different segments using a landmark approach. Subsequently, univariate and multivariate equations were created to predict both maximum long bone length and stature from the \"bone fragments\". The models varied in performance depending on the specific bone fragment used, the number of variables simultaneously employed for prediction and the sex of the individuals. Although the models used to directly predict stature from bone fragment dimensions should be treated cautiously because the stature of the assemblage from the Athens Collection had itself been anatomically estimated, the results are valuable towards highlighting the complex association between bone dimensions, long bone length and living/estimated stature.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":"185-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of differences in subcutaneous fat distribution based on ethnicity and sex in high-level competitive athletes.","authors":"Alicia Canda","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2025/1821","DOIUrl":"10.1127/anthranz/2025/1821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to analyse differences in the profile of subcutaneous fat between Black and Caucasian athletes of both sexes. An anthropometric study was performed on 303 athletes (202 White and 101 Black). The protocol included: weight, height, sitting height, arm span, circumference of waist and hip, and nine skinfold measurements. The sums of skinfolds and fat percentage were calculated by different equations: athlete-specific (Withers 1987, cited by Norton 1996), generalised (Durning-Womersley 1974; Jackson-Pollock 1985) and according to ethnic group (Davidson 2011; Evans 2005). Black males had less subcutaneous fat in pectoral, triceps and lower limb and more in subscapularis. Meanwhile Black women had less in anterior thigh and more in subscapularis in relation to Caucasian women. In both sexes, Black athletes had a greater ratio of sum of upper limb/lower limb and lesser ratio of sum of anterior/posterior zone. The fat percentage for Black men was less in three of the equations and less for women in the Evans equation. The highest degree of agreement between the fat estimated by Evans and the other equations was with Withers and Jackson-Pollock. This sexual and racial dimorphism in the anthropometric profile must be considered in assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":"147-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-17 years in 2010, 2014 and 2019.","authors":"Tiange Li, Chengyue Li","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2025/1860","DOIUrl":"10.1127/anthranz/2025/1860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper aimed to investigate the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity among children and adolescents in China in 2010, 2014 and 2019. A total of 590,836 Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-17 years (295,602 boys) were included in the Chinese National Surveillance on Students' Constitution and Health surveys in 2010, 2014, and 2019. Weight categories were based on sex- and age-specific body mass index (BMI) cut-off values developed by the Working Group on Obesity in China. Prevalence estimates of overweight always include obesity. The chi-square test was used to estimate differences in detection rates across survey years. Height and BMI increased from 149.4 cm and 18.3 kg/m² in 2010 to 151.6 cm and 19.2 kg/m² in 2019, respectively. Trends in height and BMI slowed, but trends in BMI among girls accelerated. The prevalence of underweight among Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-17 years continued to decrease from 9.7% in 2010 to 7.5% in 2019 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The prevalence of overweight and obesity progressively increased from 14.9% and 5.2% to 24.6% and 10.5%, respectively. The trends for the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity decreased, but for the prevalence of obesity among girls increased. The trends for the prevalence of overweight and obesity decreased in younger children but increased in older adolescents. Future policies and preventive interventions should prioritize girls and adolescents, especially older girls.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":"161-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in the lifestyle of young women and men during the COVID-19 pandemic in Central Poland.","authors":"Joanna Nieczuja-Dwojacka, Beata Borowska, Angelika Bryska, Kinga Traczyk","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2025/1886","DOIUrl":"10.1127/anthranz/2025/1886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the study was to determine how the pandemic changed the lifestyle of young women and men from Central Poland. The material consisted of data from students at Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw and the University of Lodz. A total of 498 people were examined, including 370 women and 128 men. An online survey was used and questions were asked about changes in nutrition, physical activity and use of stimulants, health status and stress levels. The questions referred to two periods before the pandemic and during the pandemic. The respondents were also asked to provide their body weight and height before and during the pandemic, which were used to calculate the Body Mass Index. The Pearson chi² test and the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA tests were used, <i>p</i> < 0.05. There were statistically significant differences between sexes in dietary supplementation before and during the pandemic and in changes in body weight during the pandemic, portion size and an increase in the share of processed foods in the diet, as well as in the case of self-assessment of the physical activity level, intensity of stress level and consumption of alcoholic beverages. The analyzed factors influenced BMI exclusively in women and encompassed variations in portion sizes as well as alterations in alcohol consumption patterns. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed the lifestyle of young adults. Significant differences between the sexes were observed in relation to some of the factors studied, which could be caused by different needs, social maturity, or psychological differences between the sexes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":"135-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kin investment biases of aunts and uncles: associations with phenotypic resemblance and sociodemographic characteristics.","authors":"Alireza Nikakhtar, Sylvia Kirchengast, Adel Bazram, Zohreh Rafezi","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1787","DOIUrl":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Higher investment in maternal than paternal aunts and uncles is explained by the \"paternity uncertainty hypothesis\". Regardless of laterality, however, aunts show a greater degree of investment than uncles, which is attributed to sex-specific reproductive strategies. Resemblance cues can be used as indicators of genetic relatedness. The central hypothesis of the current study was that perceived phenotypic resemblance between aunts/uncles and niblings would be associated with aunts' and uncles' investment. The association was predicted to be stronger with respect to patrilateral than matrilateral aunts and uncles and stronger with respect to patrilateral aunts than patrilateral uncles. 243 Iranians aged between 15 and 50 participated in a retrospective analysis and filled out a 52-item questionnaire focusing on the solicitude, emotional closeness, and contact frequency between aunts/uncles and their nephews/nieces. In addition, the participants had to rate their phenotypic resemblance with their aunts and uncles. Aunts' and uncles' solicitude, emotional closeness, and contact frequency were differentially expressed according to sex and laterality. Maternal aunts showed the significantly highest emotional closeness, contact frequency, and investment, while the opposite was true for paternal uncles. Moreover, investment was correlated with phenotypic resemblance. Such association was stronger for patrilateral than matrilateral aunts and uncles, and concerning solicitude it was stronger for patrilateral aunts than patrilateral uncles. The resemblance-based kin recognition mechanism among aunts and uncles was self- rather than family-referent. In conclusion, phenotypic similarity can be used as a cue to genetic kinship and is correlated with the investment of aunts and uncles. However, such associations also depend on the degree of genetic relatedness and the differential kin investment provided by each sex.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":"123-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does age at menarche affect final height? A cross-sectional study of women from different socio-economic backgrounds in Samsun, Turkey.","authors":"Gamze Hayırsever","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2025/1876","DOIUrl":"10.1127/anthranz/2025/1876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Height and age at menarche demonstrate plasticity in response to social, environmental, and economic factors. Since the end of the 20^th century, there has been a noticeable increase in height and a decrease in the age of maturation due to changing living conditions. While a relation between height and age at menarche is widely accepted, the extent of this relationship and the specific conditions that exert the greatest influence remain unclear. This study examines the relationship between age at menarche and final height in women who grew up under varying socio-economic conditions, with particular attention to those exposed to heavy workloads during childhood. The recall method was employed to gather data from 304 women aged 20-45 years regarding their age at menarche. 10 participants who could not recall their age at menarche were excluded, leaving a final sample of 294 women. To assess the impact of age at menarche on height, the distribution of menarcheal ages in the sample was analyzed, and participants were categorized into early (9-11 yrs), normal (12-14 yrs), and late (15-18 yrs) menarche groups. The mean height and menarcheal age for the sample were as follows: 1591.5 (±61.01) mm and 12.68 years (±1.36) for the upper socio-economic group; 1562.7 (±55.2) mm and 13.28 years (±1.45) for the lower socio-economic light worker group and 1543.2 (±62.5) mm and 13.36 years (±1.39) for the lower socio-economic heavy worker group. Significant differences were found across all variables (<i>p</i> < 0.010). Women with early menarche were shorter, and those with late menarche were taller, a trend that was consistent across both advantaged and disadvantaged conditions. This confirms the relationship between age at menarche and height. However, despite the influence of menarcheal age, differences in final height were more strongly associated with socio-economic factors. Consequently, the findings indicate that height demonstrates considerable plasticity in relation to socio-economic conditions and the demands of heavy physical labor.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":"173-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fingerprints as indicators of craftworkers age and sex in a sample of clay ushabtis from TT 209, Luxor, Egypt.","authors":"Esperanza Guti鲲ez-Redomero, Jesús Herrer LastName, Miguel Ángel Molinero Polo","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1753","DOIUrl":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article analyses fingerprints identified on a set of backed clay Egyptian funerary figurines, known as ushabtis. The strata in which they were found dates from the late Persian to the early Ptolemaic dynasties (ca. fifth to third centuries BCE), but the objects might have been made some two centuries earlier, during the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty (ca. 747656 BCE), and then reused for a later burial. The authors propose that fingerprints preserved on ancient objects can be used to understand the roles that age and sex played in the organization of production systems in ancient societies. The Mean Ridge Breadth (MRB) and Mean Ridge Density (MRD) of each discrete fingerprint was measured. The craftworkers ages and heights were calculated from the MRB using specific regression equations, and their probable sex was determined by correlating the MRD with that of the reference population (contemporary Sudan). An age/sex identification matrix was then created to combine the results of MRB and MRD determinations for each piece. The results show, with high probability, that around 90% of the ushabtis were made by female adolescents between the ages of 11 and 16, and the remainder by children and some adult women. A minimum of between four and eight craftworkers manufactured the ushabtis, and due to their age and the relatively low level of skill required, it is proposed that they are likely to have been in the learning phase of their trade.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":"199-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population-specific equations for stature estimation using forearm bones: insights from Northeastern Thailands diverse ethnic landscape.","authors":"Worrawit Boonthai, Kaemisa Srisen, Chanasorn Poodendaen, Phetcharat Phetnui, Supatsapa Unsri, Sitthichai Iamsaard, Manjil Hazarika, Suthat Duangchit","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1854","DOIUrl":"10.1127/anthranz/2024/1854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stature estimation from skeletal remains is crucial in forensic anthropology. This study aimed to develop population-specific equations for stature estimation using ulna and radius measurements in a Northeastern Thai population, a region known for its ethnic diversity. A total of 400 ulnae and 400 radii (200 of each bone from each sex) were analyzed from dry bone specimens. The study objectives were to: (1) develop and validate regression equations for stature estimation, (2) investigate sex differences in the relationship between forearm bone lengths and stature, and (3) compare the accuracy of these equations with existing formulae for other populations. Results showed significant sexual dimorphism in stature and bone lengths. The mean stature was 164.93 ± 6.54 cm for males and 156.21 ± 5.81 cm for females (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between bone lengths and stature, with stronger correlations in males (ulna: r = 0.670; radius: r = 0.663) compared to females (ulna: r = 0.402; radius: r = 0.393). Regression equations for the pooled sample yielded coefficients of determination (r²) of 0.516 for ulna and 0.509 for radius. Sex-specific equations demonstrated higher accuracy, particularly for males. The standard error of estimate ranged from 4.87 cm to 5.35 cm across all equations. These findings suggest that ulna and radius lengths are reliable predictors of stature in the Northeastern Thai population, with sex-specific equations offering improved accuracy. This study contributes to the development of population-specific standards in forensic anthropology and highlights the importance of considering sexual dimorphism in stature estimation. The results have significant implications for forensic investigations and archaeological studies in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":" ","pages":"225-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteometric reassociation of commingled human remains from a modern Greek sample using bone elements of the craniovertebral junction.","authors":"Vasiliki Louka,&nbsp;Ioanna Anastopoulou,&nbsp;Konstantinos Moraitis","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2022/1533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2022/1533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a high demand of osteometric methods to address the issue of commingled remains, however, the research in reassociating the crania with C1, and C1 with C2, as part of the craniovertebral junction, is limited. Reassociating crania with the postcranial skeleton can offer beneficial information for personal identification, as the cranium is broadly utilized for sex and age estimation. Moreover, cranium contributes to the facial reconstruction, a useful supplementary method for forensic identification. For this study, measurements were collected from 159 crania and 182 C1 and C2 vertebrae from the Athens Collection, representing adult males and females between 18 and 99 years. A reassociation method was produced utilizing osteometrics of articular surfaces. A supplementary sample of ten individuals was utilized as a test sample, originating from Athens Medical School. Seven equations were generated by simple linear regression analysis for the reassociation of the cranium to C1, and C1 to C2. The blind test results demonstrated that this method can be applied with 80-100% success. Overall, the results indicated that the produced regression models are a useful addition to the existing sorting methodologies, as they can be applied in mixed-sex and/or fragmented commingled osteological assemblages.</p>","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"79 4","pages":"399-409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39640120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}