南非成人尸体枕骨的形态计量学分析。

IF 0.4 4区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY
Petra Maass, Louise Jacqui Friedling
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引用次数: 0

摘要

法医性别估计是鉴定人类遗骸的关键组成部分。颅骨常被用于此目的,但常被损坏或被复原成碎片。个体颅骨的研究受到视觉评估的主观性和捕捉复杂形状变化能力的困难的阻碍,以及考虑性别二态性表达的人群特异性。本研究采用几何形态计量学分析来评估792名成年南非人枕骨的形态变化。虽然在大小上发现了性别差异,但直到祖先同时被解释后才发现形状二态性。女性的枕骨不如男性结实,但更倾斜。检测到的祖先群体之间的差异足以对黑人和白人群体产生大约80%的分类准确性,对高度异质的有色人种群体产生74%的分类准确性。当同时根据性别和血统评估变异时,区分群体的准确率为74.8%。形状变异没有显示出明显的年龄或长期趋势变化,尽管在两性之间以及有色人种与其他两个祖先群体之间的变异中发现了一些微弱的正异速生长影响。这项研究表明,即使是像枕骨这样孤立的骨头也可以用于性别和祖先的估计,尽管必须考虑人口差异。发现几何形态计量学分析允许客观和足够敏感地检测复杂枕部形状的变化,即使在使用有限数量的颅骨标志时,也可以精确区分高度异质和密切相关的群体。因此,在头盖骨受损或只有枕骨被恢复并可用于分析的法医案件中,可以使用枕骨的类似分析。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Morphometric analysis of the occipital bone in an adult South African cadaveric sample.

Forensic sex estimation is a key component in attempts to identify human remains. The skull is often used for this purpose, but is often damaged or recovered in fragments. Studies of individual cranial bones are hampered by subjectivity in visual assessment and difficulties in the ability to capture complex shape variations, as well as accounting for population-specificity in the expression of sexual dimorphism. The present study employed geometric morphometric analysis to assess morphological variation of the occipital bones of 792 adult South African individuals. Though sexual differences in size were detected, shape dimorphism was not detected until ancestry was simultaneously accounted for. Female occipital bones were less robust but more sloped than those of males. Detected variation between ancestry groups was sufficient to produce approximately 80% classification accuracies for Black and White groups, and 74% for the highly heterogeneous Coloured group. When variation was assessed according to sex and ancestry simultaneously, groups could be distinguished with 74.8% accuracy. Shape variation showed no significant age or secular trend changes, though some weak positive allometric influence was detected in the variation between sexes and between the Coloured group and the other two ancestry groups. This study demonstrated that even isolated bones such as the occipital could be used for sex and ancestry estimation, though population differences must be considered. The geometric morphometric analysis was found to allow objective and sufficiently sensitive detection of variation in the complex occipital shape to allow for accurate distinction of even highly heterogeneous and closely related groups, even when using a limited number of cranial landmarks. Thus, similar analyses of the occipital may be employed in forensic cases where the cranium has been damaged or only the occipital bone is recovered and available for analysis.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
34
期刊介绍: AA is an international journal of human biology. It publishes original research papers on all fields of human biological research, that is, on all aspects, theoretical and practical of studies of human variability, including application of molecular methods and their tangents to cultural and social anthropology. Other than research papers, AA invites the submission of case studies, reviews, technical notes and short reports. AA is available online, papers must be submitted online to ensure rapid review and publication.
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