Anthropologischer Anzeiger最新文献_第6页

Obstetric adaptation of the human pelvic inlet based on a sample of females and males matched for body size, and comparison with three species of primates that are sexually monomorphic in body size. 人类骨盆入口的产科适应基于雌性和雄性体型匹配的样本，并与三种体型性别单一的灵长类动物进行比较。

IF 0.5 4区社会学

Anthropologischer Anzeiger Pub Date : 2022-02-14 DOI: 10.1127/anthranz/2021/1386

Robert G Tague

{"title":"Obstetric adaptation of the human pelvic inlet based on a sample of females and males matched for body size, and comparison with three species of primates that are sexually monomorphic in body size.","authors":"Robert G Tague","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2021/1386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2021/1386","url":null,"abstract":"Human males are larger than females in body size; females are larger than males in pelvic size. Percentage pelvic sexual size dimorphism (sex with larger mean/sex with lower mean*100%) is used to infer selection for obstetric adaptation. As pelvic size is associated with body size, interpretation of percentage sexual size dimorphism necessitates control of body size. This study uses a larger sample of 221 females and 204 males to identify a subsample of females and males matched for femoral length, femoral head diameter, and clavicular length (25 females, 46 males). For five measures of the pelvic inlet, the human sample with control of body size is compared with three primate species that are sexually monomorphic in body size and give birth to newborns with higher relative body masses than those of humans: Aotus azarae (15 females, 19 males), Hylobates lar (29 females, 29 males), and Saguinus geoffroyi (28 females, 30 males). Results show that humans (112.0%) have the highest percentage sexual size dimorphism of pelvic inlet circumference: A. azarae (108.2%), H. lar (105.4%), and S. geoffroyi (103.3%). Humans have higher sexual size dimorphism of inlet circumference despite lower relative newborn body mass compared to the other species because human newborns are of larger body mass than predicted for an anthropoid with our adult female body mass. In humans, birthing of bigger babies than predicted for our body mass increases selection pressure on females for enlargement of the pelvic inlet.","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"79 2","pages":"127-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39529636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How 3D printing and physical reconstruction of a skull helped in a complex pathological case. 3D打印和颅骨物理重建如何帮助治疗一个复杂的病理病例。

IF 0.5 4区社会学

Anthropologischer Anzeiger Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.1127/anthranz/2021/1270

Alberte Aspaas Lundquist, Niels Dyrgaard Jensen, Marie Louise Jørkov, Niels Lynnerup, Chiara Villa

{"title":"How 3D printing and physical reconstruction of a skull helped in a complex pathological case.","authors":"Alberte Aspaas Lundquist, Niels Dyrgaard Jensen, Marie Louise Jørkov, Niels Lynnerup, Chiara Villa","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2021/1270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2021/1270","url":null,"abstract":"Taphonomic changes can mimic pathological bone lesions and make it difficult to distinguish between ante- and postmortem abnormalities and to perform differential diagnostics. 3D methods, such as CT scanning and 3D printing, can be used as complementary tools to overcome the taphonomic changes. Here, we reconstructed a skull of an interesting archeological case showing severe pathological changes using 3D printing and physical reconstruction. The skeleton belonged to an approximately 18-year-old female. The bones of the entire skeleton exhibited several pathological changes. Both cranium and mandible were asymmetric, with a malformed foramen magnum and left zygomatic process, agenesis of the left external acoustic meatus, cribra orbitalia, and a bilateral absence of mental foramen. The overall diagnostic interpretation was hampered by the extensive taphonomic damage that affected the left side of the skull. In particular, the frontal bone showed taphonomic breakage and plastic deformations were present on the left side of the cranium. The skull was CT-scanned and 3D models of all the single bones were 3D printed and manually re-assembled. The intact reconstructed skull was used to estimate the endocranial volume (ECV). We showed how 3D printing and physical reconstruction of the skull helped overcome the extensive taphonomic alterations; the reconstructed skull provides important diagnostic information such as ECV and a better picture of the original ante-mortem pathological state of the skull.","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"79 1","pages":"83-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39390605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The bioarchaeological reconstruction of the population from Santa Cristina in Caio (Siena, Italy 6^th-7^th centuries CE). 从圣克里斯蒂娜在Caio(锡耶纳，公元6 -7世纪，意大利)人口的生物考古重建。

IF 0.5 4区社会学

Anthropologischer Anzeiger Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.1127/anthranz/2021/1408

Cosimo Giachetti, Marica Baldoni, Matteo Borrini

{"title":"The bioarchaeological reconstruction of the population from Santa Cristina in Caio (Siena, Italy 6th-7th centuries CE).","authors":"Cosimo Giachetti, Marica Baldoni, Matteo Borrini","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2021/1408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2021/1408","url":null,"abstract":"The present research analyzes the human skeletal remains from Santa Cristina in Caio (Siena, Italy) aiming at reconstructing the demography, and the musculoskeletal stress markers of this Early Medieval Italian population. The cemetery area was recovered during excavation campaigns carried out by the University of Siena between 2013 and 2015 and unearthed 53 individuals dating back to the 6th-7th centuries CE. The analyzed sample counts 49 individuals: 1 juvenile and 48 adults. Sex-ratio (M:F = 0.95) revealed a slightly higher percentage of females. Both sexes, reached old age so they probably experienced similar life conditions, this is supported by archaeological data that tend to exclude the existence of a class structure within the society. Females show a higher mortality in the young adult age class (19-30 years) probably as a consequence of short-term pregnancies and childbirth. Post-cranial indices and musculoskeletal stress markers revealed a strength physical constitution highlighting statistically significant differences in the degree of biomechanical load the two sexes were subjected to. The goal of the present research was to present the composition of an Early Medieval population from Central Italy that could represent an important tile for understanding the dynamics of a complex historical period.","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"79 1","pages":"101-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39532576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Weight status of rural school youth in Poland: secular change 1986-2016. 波兰农村学校青年体重状况:1986-2016年的长期变化

IF 0.5 4区社会学

Anthropologischer Anzeiger Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.1127/anthranz/2021/1500

Sylwia Bartkowiak, Jan M Konarski, Ryszard Strzelczyk, Jarosław Janowski, Małgorzata Karpowicz, Robert M Malina

{"title":"Weight status of rural school youth in Poland: secular change 1986-2016.","authors":"Sylwia Bartkowiak, Jan M Konarski, Ryszard Strzelczyk, Jarosław Janowski, Małgorzata Karpowicz, Robert M Malina","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2021/1500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2021/1500","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate secular changes in the Body Mass Index (BMI) and weight status of rural children and adolescents in west-central Poland across decennial surveys spanning 1986 and 2016. Participants were 8,677 boys and girls 7-15 years attending schools in 10 rural communities in 1986, 1996, 2006, and 2016. Heights and weights were measured; BMIs were calculated. Weight status was classified using International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria. The sample was partitioned into three age groups (7-9, 10-12, 13-15 years) for analysis of secular change in the BMI using sex-specific analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with age and age2 as covariates, and for comparison of the prevalence of mild, moderate and severe thinness and of overweight and obesity. BMIs increased, on average, across the four surveys, but differences between adjacent surveys varied. Prevalence of severe and moderate thinness was low in both sexes, while mild thinness tended to decline over time, more so among girls. Overweight and obesity increased over time, especially in 2006 and 2016 compared to 1986 and 1996. In conclusion, secular changes in the BMI between 1986 and 2016 were significant. Age-adjusted mean BMIs suggested a gradient, 2016 > 2006 > 1996 > 1986, except in girls 13-15 years. However, changes across the decennial surveys varied. The observed changes in overweight and obesity between 1986 and 2016 were consistent with studies in Poland spanning the past two generations.","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"79 1","pages":"43-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39484537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Kinship and post-marital residence in native populations of the South American Chaco. 南美查科土著人口的亲属关系和婚后居住。

IF 0.5 4区社会学

Anthropologischer Anzeiger Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.1127/anthranz/2021/1428

Héctor Hugo Varela, José Alberto Cocilovo, Silvia Graciela Valdano

引用次数: 0

Association of age at menarche with adult height and sitting height in young Polish females. 波兰年轻女性月经初潮年龄与成年身高和坐高的关系。

IF 0.5 4区社会学

Anthropologischer Anzeiger Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.1127/anthranz/2021/1264

Martyna Żurawiecka, Iwona Wronka

{"title":"Association of age at menarche with adult height and sitting height in young Polish females.","authors":"Martyna Żurawiecka, Iwona Wronka","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2021/1264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2021/1264","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study is to determine the relationship between the age at menarche and adult stature as well as sitting height and Cormic index in adulthood. Analyzed traits included also relative body height, expressed as a percentage of mid parental height, which may be regarded as an indicator of individual target height. Data were collected in a cross-sectional survey among 1257 female university students, aged 19-25 y. Height and sitting height were measured. A survey was used to collect data on the examined females' age at menarche, their socio-economic status and their parents' height. The onset of menstruation before 12 years of age was classified as early, aged 12-14 y. as average, and above 14 years as late. The present study reported statistically significant differences in adult stature in relation to the age at menarche. Women with early menarche reached the shortest stature while women with late menarche - the tallest. The differences were statistically significant also when the analysis considered parents' stature and socio-economic status. No statistically significant differences in sitting height or the Cormic index depending on the age at menarche were found. We may conclude that irrespective of genetic factors (short, medium-height or tall parents) and environmental factors (low, medium or high socio-economic status), women whose first menstruation occurs at a younger age reach shorter stature and lower percentage of mid parental height than women who have their first menstruation at an older age. The absence of differences in sitting height and the Cormic index between individuals of different ages at menarche indicates that the variation in stature results from the length of lower limbs.","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"79 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39101173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Condylus tertius: A review of a neglected developmental condition. 大髁:一种被忽视的发育状况的回顾。

IF 0.5 4区社会学

Anthropologischer Anzeiger Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.1127/anthranz/2021/1454

Ana González-Ruiz, Ana Luisa Santos

{"title":"Condylus tertius: A review of a neglected developmental condition.","authors":"Ana González-Ruiz, Ana Luisa Santos","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2021/1454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2021/1454","url":null,"abstract":"Condylus tertius (CT) is a developmental condition affecting the craniovertebral junction. Its prevalence was estimated to be less than 5% and can be asymptomatic or debilitating. This study aims to search for CT in the Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection (CISC) and to do a bibliographic review of this neglected developmental defect. Two hundred individuals, from both sexes, and with ages at death between 30 and 59 years old from the CISC were observed macroscopically to search for CT. A bibliographic survey of the bioarcheological and clinical literature was conducted. One female individual (0.5%) had CT with irregular margins and porosity. In addition to the CT, the odontoid process of the axis had an increase in its retroversion angle and looked enlarged. The vertebra L1 showed hypoplasia of the right transverse process and the sacrum presented incomplete sacralization of the vertebra L5. In archaeological derived individuals only eight cases of CT were recognized in the literature survey, the oldest dating from the Pleistocene. This study draws attention to this trait and its diagnosis in skeletal individuals and alerts to the possible coexistence with other developmental defects in transitional vertebrae.","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"79 1","pages":"95-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39388065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oral status of a noble European couple from the 16^th century: A morphologic analysis of the teeth of Alessandro Farnese and his wife Maria D'Aviz. 16世纪一对欧洲贵族夫妇的口腔状况:对亚历山德罗·法尔内塞和他的妻子玛丽亚·达维兹牙齿的形态分析。

IF 0.5 4区社会学

Anthropologischer Anzeiger Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.1127/anthranz/2021/1423

Marianna Peracchia, Marco Meleti, Emanuele Armocida, Andrea Toffoli, Nicola Cucurachi, Ovidio Bussolati, Rossana Cecchi

{"title":"Oral status of a noble European couple from the 16th century: A morphologic analysis of the teeth of Alessandro Farnese and his wife Maria D'Aviz.","authors":"Marianna Peracchia, Marco Meleti, Emanuele Armocida, Andrea Toffoli, Nicola Cucurachi, Ovidio Bussolati, Rossana Cecchi","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2021/1423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2021/1423","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To report the results of dental morphological analysis performed on the remains of two European nobles (Duke Alessandro Farnese and his wife Maria D'Aviz) who lived in the 16th century, together with hypotheses on their nutrition and oral hygiene habits. Design and results. The remains of Alessandro Farnese (1545-1592) and Princess Maria D'Aviz (1538-1577) were exhumed in Parma, Italy, in the context of an historical investigation into their possible causes of death. The skulls were examined and analysed through direct inspection, high-detailed photographs and radiographs. Ante mortem tooth loss (AMTL), postmortem tooth loss (PMTL), Scott and Smith dental wear indexes and the Kerr periodontal index were used to assess the dental and periodontal status of the couple. Alessandro Farnese suffered from severe dental wear while it was presumed that Maria D'Aviz was affected by periodontal disease and tooth decay. Conclusions. Based on the findings of the present analysis, we hypothesise that Alessandro Farnese's diet was mainly based on hard and unrefined foods, also suggested by limited historical reports. It is likely that Maria D'Aviz's nutrition was based on sugar-enriched foods.","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"79 1","pages":"69-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39101174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Somatotypological structure of university students in the sex groups of equal body heights. 等身高性别群体大学生的体型结构。

IF 0.5 4区社会学

Anthropologischer Anzeiger Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.1127/anthranz/2021/1310

Józef Tatarczuk, Ryszard Asienkiewicz, Artur Wandycz

{"title":"Somatotypological structure of university students in the sex groups of equal body heights.","authors":"Józef Tatarczuk, Ryszard Asienkiewicz, Artur Wandycz","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2021/1310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2021/1310","url":null,"abstract":"Among the numerous publications on sexual dimorphism as affected by body build, few deal with the somatotype of men and women of the same height. The aim of the study was to determine the share of endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy among men and women in different height categories and to determine whether the size of individual components differs between the sexes within the same height category. The research was carried out over the period of 2005-2015 on a cohort of 1,911 individuals, 625 men and 1,286 women, aged 18-25. Somatic measurements were performed according to the currently accepted technique as described by Martin and Saller. Using the results and the Heath-Carter method, the shares of endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy were calculated. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to assess the relation between sex, individual height category and endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy. Relationships between endomorphy, mesomorphy, ectomorphy and height were estimated using Pearson correlation and linear regression. In women's body build, regardless of body height, endomorphy prevails, with smaller shares of ectomorphy and mesomorphy while in men's body build mesomorphy and ectomorphy dominate. The analysis of forecasts (using linear regression equations) confirms that mesomorphy and endomorphy decrease in men and women as their height increases. The findings will be used to analyse secular changes in the evolution of male and female body build type over a longer period - which will show increasing or fading dimorphic differences.","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"79 1","pages":"11-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39277469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fat tissue on the march: secular trend of body circumferences and skinfold thicknesses in Slovenia over the 70 years period. 行进中的脂肪组织:70年来斯洛文尼亚身体周长和皮褶厚度的长期趋势。

IF 0.5 4区社会学

Anthropologischer Anzeiger Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.1127/anthranz/2021/1324

Tatjana Robič Pikel

{"title":"Fat tissue on the march: secular trend of body circumferences and skinfold thicknesses in Slovenia over the 70 years period.","authors":"Tatjana Robič Pikel","doi":"10.1127/anthranz/2021/1324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2021/1324","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among young adults has increased dramatically in recent decades. The survey examined anthropometric indicators of fat tissue amount in the population of adult males and females from Slovenia from 1950 to 2019. Methods: From a large anthropometric database body height, body mass, seven circumferences (C: waist, hip, relaxed and flexed upper arm, forearm, middle thigh, medial calf) and seven skinfold thicknesses (SFT: triceps, biceps, subscapular, iliac crest, supraspinale, front thigh and medial calf) were obtained in different combinations for more than 3400 males and almost 4600 females of age 18 to 29 years, measured in the years between 1950 and 2019. To evaluate the secular trend, data were classified into 10-year periods and compared with ANOVA. Results: Body mass, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, waist C, relaxed and flexed upper arm C, calf C, Triceps/subscapular ratio, biceps SFT, supraspinale SFT, front thigh SFT, and medial calf SFT increased (p < 0.001) over the last 70 years, however, thigh C decreased (p < 0.001) over the last 30 years. Body mass index and forearm C increased in males and decreased in females. Triceps and subscapular SFT`s increased till 2009 and then decreased in next decade in both sexes. Body fat % increased over the 70-years observed period from 12% to almost 15% in males and from 24% to more than 26% in females. Conclusion: From 1950 to 2009 or even to 2019, large amount of body fat clearly became more prevalent in young adults from Slovenia, which mostly is in line with secular trend in fat tissue in other parts of the world; however, in many measurements this trend slows down or even reverses after 2009 in Slovenia. Slovenian population appears to be leaner compared to other populations.","PeriodicalId":46008,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologischer Anzeiger","volume":"79 1","pages":"33-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39293145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2