PATHOLOGICA最新文献

{"title":"Detection of NTRK gene fusions in sarcomas: a comparative study of Pan-TRK immunohistochemistry, FISH, and RNA-Based NGS.","authors":"Stefania Cocchi, Marco Gambarotti, Gabriella Gamberi, Giovanna Magagnoli, Margherita Maioli, Alessandro Parra, Enrica Sciulli, Toni Ibrahim, Alberto Righi, Stefania Benini","doi":"10.32074/1591-951X-1385","DOIUrl":"10.32074/1591-951X-1385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fusion involving <i>NTRK1</i>, <i>NTRK2</i> and <i>NTRK3</i> are oncogenic driver occurring in several adult and pediatric tumor types. In sarcomas they are mostly found in infantile fibrosarcoma, inflammatory (IFS), inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) and in the so-called \"<i>NTRK</i>-rearranged spindle cell neoplasm\" entity described in the current WHO (2020) classification, including lipofibromatosis-like neural tumor, fibrosarcoma-like and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor-like spindle cell neoplasms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed 92 soft tissue and bone sarcomas diagnosed at the Rizzoli Institute between 2019 and 2023, in which pan-TRK IHC was performed. 17 tumours showed positive staining and were further assessed using FISH for <i>NTRK1</i>, <i>NTRK2</i>, and <i>NTRK3</i> rearrangements. A subset of 12 cases underwent RNA-based NGS for fusion detection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, we collected data from 17 patients who tested positive for pan-TRK antibody and compared pan-TRK IHC and molecular testing for the detection of <i>NTRK</i> rearrangement in sarcomas. FISH analysis detected <i>NTRK</i> rearrangements in 4/17 cases (23.5%), while NGS confirmed <i>NTRK</i> fusions in 3/12 cases (25%). All <i>NTRK</i> fusion-positive cases confirmed by both FISH and NGS showed diffuse pan-TRK staining. Two additional cases exhibited pan-TRK diffuse positivity but were <i>NTRK</i> wild-type by NGS and harboured <i>BCOR::MAML1</i> and <i>EWSR1::NACC2</i> fusions, respectively. 1 case with focal positivity by immunohistochemistry and <i>NTRK</i> rearrangement by FISH was not confirmed by NGS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pan-TRK IHC can be considered an initial screening tool to identify sarcomas potentially harbouring <i>NTRK</i> fusions. However, the presence of diffuse pan-TRK immunoreactivity in <i>NTRK</i>-wild-type tumours highlights the need for cautious interpretation of IHC results. FISH may represent a useful intermediate diagnostic tool when NGS is unavailable but requires cautious interpretation particularly in cases with atypical or isolated signals. NGS-based molecular confirmation remains essential for the definitive identification of <i>NTRK</i> fusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":45893,"journal":{"name":"PATHOLOGICA","volume":"118 2","pages":"72-84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13187865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147976118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teaching with human remains: curatorship, technological innovation and ethical engagement at the Morgagni Museum of Human Anatomy.","authors":"Giovanni Magno, Alberto Zanatta","doi":"10.32074/1591-951X-2014","DOIUrl":"10.32074/1591-951X-2014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medical museums are increasingly challenged to balance accessibility, educational effectiveness, and ethical responsibility, particularly when displaying human remains. Despite growing interest in digital museology, limited attention has been paid to its application in contexts involving culturally sensitive materials.</p><p><p>This study presents a qualitative case study of the renovation of the Morgagni Museum of Human Anatomy (University of Padua), focusing on the integration of digital tools, including quick response codes, augmented reality (AR), and virtual itineraries. The project aimed to enhance accessibility and public engagement while preserving the scientific and ethical integrity of the collection. The results, based on observational data collected during guided visits and educational activities, indicate that hybrid interpretive strategies combining digital and traditional tools improve visitor engagement, support layered learning, and foster a more informed interaction with anatomical and pathological specimens. In particular, the use of AR and digital content was associated with increased student participation and enhanced observational skills. This case study demonstrates that digital technologies, when embedded within a coherent curatorial framework, can strengthen rather than diminish ethical engagement with human remains. The Morgagni Museum provides a model for the sustainable and responsible reinterpretation of historical medical collections in contemporary educational contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":45893,"journal":{"name":"PATHOLOGICA","volume":"118 2","pages":"126-133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13187885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147976254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early-onset gestational pemphigoid in the first trimester: a diagnostic pitfall.","authors":"Alessia Di Lorito, Federica Giuliani, Edvige Morea, Alessandra Capo, Paolo Amerio","doi":"10.32074/1591-951X-1943","DOIUrl":"10.32074/1591-951X-1943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This letter reports a case of a gestational pemphigoid (GP), a rare autoimmune subepidermal blistering disorder, typically arising in the third trimester of pregnancy. Early-onset presentations, during the first trimester, are exceptionally uncommon and may mimic other pregnancy-related dermatoses, delaying diagnosis. We report a rare early-onset case of GP and discuss the diagnostic challenges and management implications, allowing timely diagnosis and treatment, reducing maternal morbidity and potential obstetric complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":45893,"journal":{"name":"PATHOLOGICA","volume":"118 1","pages":"51-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13094318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147640241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A consideration of the trends in thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology - Results from the Italian Cytopathology Committee National Practice Survey in Thyroidology.","authors":"Ilker Sengul, Demet Sengul","doi":"10.32074/1591-951X-1852","DOIUrl":"10.32074/1591-951X-1852","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45893,"journal":{"name":"PATHOLOGICA","volume":"118 1","pages":"49-50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13094307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147640246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Adnexotropic\" lichen striatus: a potential histological mimicker of mycosis fungoides.","authors":"Francesco Fortarezza, Francesca Caroppo, Alessandra Meneghel, Francesca Tirelli, Cesare Tiengo, Anna Belloni Fortina, Francesco Zulian, Angelo Paolo Dei Tos","doi":"10.32074/1591-951X-1996","DOIUrl":"10.32074/1591-951X-1996","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45893,"journal":{"name":"PATHOLOGICA","volume":"118 1","pages":"53-55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13094331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147640230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of chorea, epilepsy and cerebral atrophy in the work of Ettore Ravenna (1920s).","authors":"Giovanni Magno, Irene Kollhof, Alberto Zanatta","doi":"10.32074/1591-951X-1848","DOIUrl":"10.32074/1591-951X-1848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study re-examines a rare neuropathological case documented by Ettore Ravenna in 1900, involving a young patient with chorea, epilepsy, and marked frontal lobe atrophy. Using Ravenna's original autopsy notes and the preserved anatomical preparation at the Morgagni Museum of Human Anatomy (Padua), the case is reassessed in light of modern neurological knowledge. Macroscopic examination confirmed severe anterior frontal atrophy with relative preservation of peri-Sylvian regions, consistent with the patient's ability to sing despite profound language impairment. Ravenna described gliosis, fibrotic tissue replacement, and neuronal hyaline degeneration, interpreted as ulegyria of inflammatory origin. Although he considered epilepsy and chorea expressions of a single pathology, current research differentiates their mechanisms. However, juvenile neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington disease show overlapping seizures, chorea, and cortical atrophy, partially supporting his observations. Re-evaluating this case highlights its historical relevance and the value of anatomical collections in reassessing early diagnoses.</p>","PeriodicalId":45893,"journal":{"name":"PATHOLOGICA","volume":"118 1","pages":"45-48"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13094319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147640269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MesoRet: a reticulin stain-based deep learning algorithm to assist diffuse mesothelioma subtyping.","authors":"Giulia Orlando, Anna Paola Ferrero, Giorgia Andrea Impalà, Alessandra Pittaro, Luisa Delsedime, Rute Pedrosa, Darshan Kumar, Luisella Righi, Giuseppe Pelosi, Mauro Giulio Papotti, Eleonora Duregon","doi":"10.32074/1591-951X-1583","DOIUrl":"10.32074/1591-951X-1583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and validate a deep learning model trained on reticulin-stained whole slide images (MesoRet) to accurately identify transitional features and assist in the histologic subtyping of diffuse mesothelioma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 115 cases of diffuse mesothelioma were collected from two institutions and reviewed by expert thoracic pathologists. Reticulin-stained whole-slide images were used to train a supervised deep learning model on the Aiforia Create platform to distinguish epithelioid, sarcomatoid, and transitional patterns. Model performance was validated on independent slides and compared with expert pathologists' assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MesoRet accurately identified reticulin patterns across mesothelioma histotypes achieving 96.32% precision and 99.06% sensitivity, excluding artifacts and non-tumour tissue. It outperformed pathologists in identifying transitional patterns, reducing diagnostic time and minimising errors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MesoRet provides an accurate and objective approach for detecting reticulin patterns in mesothelioma, supporting histological subtyping and contributing to more consistent diagnoses. Although further validation is required, it represents a promising model to improve diagnostic precision and guide therapeutic decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":45893,"journal":{"name":"PATHOLOGICA","volume":"118 1","pages":"12-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13094309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147640206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of histological parameters of aggressiveness in resected lung squamous cell carcinoma.","authors":"Giorgia Andrea Impalà, Alessandra Pittaro, Francesco Guerrera, Simona Sobrero, Giuseppe Bogina, Giulia Orlando, Vanessa Zambelli, Francesca Napoli, Francesco Leo, Enrico Ruffini, Marco Volante, Mauro Papotti, Luisella Righi","doi":"10.32074/1591-951X-1726","DOIUrl":"10.32074/1591-951X-1726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSCC) lacks consistent morphological criteria for tumour grading. Tumour budding (TB), defined as isolated cells or clusters of fewer than 4 cells at the invasive front, is prognostic in several carcinomas but remains insufficiently validated in LUSCC.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess histopathological features of aggressiveness (including TB) in resected LUSCC as prognostic parameters and grading factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analysed 296 LUSCC cases (2010-2021, University of Turin). Clinical data were collected and slides were reviewed for subtype, nuclear features, mitotic count, infiltration pattern, TB, spread through air spaces (STAS), desmoplasia, pleural/vascular/perineural invasion, and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. Associations with recurrence-free and overall survival were tested.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High TB (≥ 5 buds) correlated with pleural invasion and advanced T stage and was significantly associated with shorter recurrence-free (HR 1.84, p = 0.008) and overall survival (HR 1.73, p = 0.003), independently of stage. Nuclear enlargement and necrosis also predicted worse outcomes, while surgery had an overall protective impact.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TB, necrosis, and nuclear size are independent predictors of outcome in LUSCC. Their inclusion in pathology reports may improve grading, refine prognosis, and guide management.</p>","PeriodicalId":45893,"journal":{"name":"PATHOLOGICA","volume":"118 1","pages":"20-29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13094338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147640188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated paraffin embedding of tissue samples significantly reduces overall workflow time in routine pathology practice.","authors":"Alessandro Gambella, Laura Zito, Cristina Bottaro, Michele Paudice, Giulia Tacchino, Viviana Accorrà, Claudio Piccione, Martina Terrile, Anna Silvana Bevere, Barbara Massa, Silvia Bozzano, Federica Grillo, Luca Mastracci","doi":"10.32074/1591-951X-1773","DOIUrl":"10.32074/1591-951X-1773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Automated paraffin embedding (AE) offers a solution to the operator-dependent variability and time demands manual embedding (ME), but comparative data are limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We quantitatively assessed AE versus ME using 186 endoscopic biopsies, 106 needle biopsies, and 62 transurethral resections, recording the time (seconds, s) required for preparation, embedding, trimming, and sectioning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AE substantially reduced embedding time (5 s for all sample types) compared with ME (43 s for endoscopic biopsies, 66.5 s for needle biopsies, and 105 s for transurethral samples), and it allowed laboratory technicians to perform other tasks concurrently. AE also shortened total time: 150.2 s (AE) vs. 250.4 s (ME) for endoscopic biopsies, 176.9 s (AE) vs. 324.2 s (ME) for needle biopsies, and 149.5 s (AE) vs. 335 s (ME) for transurethral resections.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These real-world data provide quantitative evidence of AE-related time savings in daily routine activity, supporting its role in workflow automation and standardization in pathology units.</p>","PeriodicalId":45893,"journal":{"name":"PATHOLOGICA","volume":"118 1","pages":"30-37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13094320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147640233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palisading adenocarcinoma. State of the art and first case report in the parotid gland of a 44-year-old woman.","authors":"Emilia Corina, Luigi Corina, Lea Calo', Giorgia Rossi, Antonino Mulè, Esther Diana Rossi, Jacopo Galli","doi":"10.32074/1591-951X-1756","DOIUrl":"10.32074/1591-951X-1756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Palisading adenocarcinoma is a newly described salivary gland tumor known for its predilection for sublingual and submandibular glands. The mass tends to have a non-invasive growth, although signs of infiltrative growth can occur resulting in a neoformation more adherent to deep neck structures. The main histological feature is a biphasic cellular pattern composed of polygonal epithelioid cells with small nuclei arranged in trabeculae and pseudo-rosette like structures and a second population of scattered well-formed ductal structures with occasional mucocytes. The mass, located in the parotid gland, resembled a neuroendocrine neoplasia regarding its histological architecture and positivity for CD56, whereas the cytological examination resembled that of a pleomorphic adenoma. An accurate histological and immunohistochemical study was crucial to guide the differential diagnosis. Here we present the first case of palisading adenocarcinoma affecting the parotid gland to further enrich the literature and to shed additional light on this peculiar and recently investigated neoplastic entity.</p>","PeriodicalId":45893,"journal":{"name":"PATHOLOGICA","volume":"118 1","pages":"38-44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13094324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147640201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}