Forensic Sciences Research最新文献

{"title":"Establishing forensic DNA databases in Africa.","authors":"Johannes Hendrik Smith, Juanida Suzette Horne","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae024","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owae024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 2","pages":"owae024"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11134103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141176393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of composition on the explosive properties of potassium chlorate and oils.","authors":"Masahiro Tagawa, Robert Matyáš, Jindřich Kučera, Jiří Pachman","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae019","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owae019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Potassium chlorate has long been utilized as an excellent oxidizing agent in pyrotechnics and explosives. As mixtures of potassium chlorate and any type of combustible material can be explosive, there is a potential risk of misuse in homemade explosives. Unlike commercial explosives, homemade chlorate and oil mixtures do not have a constant composition, which limits their understanding. This study reports the effects of two types of oil (motor oil and cooking oil) and their ratios (ranging from 2.5% to 40.0% (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>)) on the explosive properties of such mixtures. The impact sensitivity was highest at a motor oil ratio of 5%. The friction sensitivity increased with an increasing oil ratio, reaching a maximum at an oil ratio of ~22.5%, and was close to those of primary explosives. The motor oil mixtures exhibited higher sensitivity than the cooking oil mixtures at oil ratios of 25.0% or less. A 10% oil mixture, which was close to the ratio of oxygen balance equal to zero, detonated in weak confinement, such as a paper cylinder. The highest detonation velocities in a polypropylene tube were ~2 300 and 2 550 m/s at a 10% ratio of motor oil and cooking oil, respectively. The velocities of the metal case wall, measured by photonic Doppler velocimetry, reached ~1 100 m/s near the end of acceleration. These results show that homemade chlorate and oil mixtures are capable of detonation and quite sensitive over a wide range of oil ratios, with sufficient power to cause damage in the vicinity.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>Simple mixtures of potassium chlorate and oil can be used as a homemade explosives.Oil types and ratios considerably affect the sensitivity and detonation velocity.Mixtures are sufficiently potent to generate hazardous fragments.Long-term storage causes an internal oil gradient.Mixtures with wide-ranging oil ratios can have highly sensitive points.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"owae019"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acknowledgment to reviewers-November 2022 to December 2023.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owae007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"8 4","pages":"338-339"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10894058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139973943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic comparison analysis of smokeless powders by gel permeation chromatography and likelihood ratio evaluation methods.","authors":"Hongling Guo, Ping Wang, Can Hu, Hongcheng Mei, Yajun Li, Jun Zhu","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owaf005","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owaf005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In China, the use of smokeless powders for making homemade ammunition and bombs is an incipient criminal practice. One of the key tasks of analyzing smokeless powders in forensic sciences is to make comparisons between them, providing information about their source or establishing a link between two different smokeless powders seized at different locations. The main component of smokeless powders is nitrocellulose (NC) no matter what type of the smokeless powder is. As a kind of polymer, NC may have different molecular weights and polydispersity index (PDI) values, which could help the identification and differentiation of the smokeless powders. In this study, weight-average molecular weights (Mw), number-average molecular weights (Mn), and PDI value of 79 propellants samples from different sources were measured by gel permeation chromatography, and likelihood ratio evaluation method was applied to facilitate interpretation of the data. The possibility of using these methods to make comparisons between smokeless powders was explored instead of depending on analysis of target compounds with trace amounts in them.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 2","pages":"owaf005"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12161493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Concern: Sequencing of Human Identification Markers in an Uyghur Population Using the MiSeq FGx™ Forensic Genomics System.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owae010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"owae010"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10965027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Concern: Mitochondrial Genome Sequencing with Short Overlapping Amplicons on Miseq FGx System.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae012","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owae012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"owae012"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10965020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic DNA database and criminal investigation in the Sahel region: a need to update the national security policy?","authors":"Moutanou M J Zeye, Serge Y Ouedraogo, Missa Millogo, Florencia W Djigma, Abdou A Zoure, Moctar Zeba, Rachide Palenfo, Noe Dakio, Silvere D Zaongo, Xiang Wu, Jacques Simpore","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owad056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owad056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ongoing terrorist attacks in the Sahel region call for strengthening the security system by using human DNA identification technology. In this context, public opinion must be considered when establishing solid standards and universal safeguards for one of the most invasive forms of surveillance and profiling. For this purpose, we gathered internet users' opinions in Burkina Faso (a country located in the Sahel region) on the use of DNA technology to support criminal investigations. The results revealed that 91.7% (431) of the 470 participants believed that this technology is currently necessary for the Burkina Faso's criminal justice system. However, the respondents expressed concerns about the custody and management of a national forensic DNA database. In this particular security setting, the public opinion of this study may provide leaders and political policymakers with clues for considering genetic fingerprints and implementing an national forensic DNA database to support criminal investigations in Burkina Faso whilst also considering the ethical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 2","pages":"owad056"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11208719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141471460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homicide among Indigenous females in North Carolina: a comparison of publicly generated data and violent death reporting system.","authors":"Muhammad Hudhud, Scott Proescholdbell, Tammy Norwood, Crystal Cavalier-Keck, Ronny A Bell","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owad057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owad057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Like other minoritized populations, American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) females experience disparate morbidity and mortality outcomes to that of the general US population. This study identified discrepancies in reporting of AI/AN female decedents between the North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System (NC-VDRS) and an online, user-generated database. Female AI/AN decedent data of all ages were collected from the NC-VDRS and compared against that of the publicly available North Carolina Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women (MMIW NC) database for the study period, 2004-2019. Twenty-four of the 72 cases matched between data systems (33.3%). Substantive differences between the NC-VDRS and the MMIW NC database were found. Future efforts should be directed towards supporting Indigenous communities with the comprehensive data the NC-VDRS can provide. This paper highlights statewide public health systems like the NC-VDRS supporting community efforts to understand, advocate for, and disseminate information on MMIW.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"owad057"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10965021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissimulation in forensic psychiatric evaluations, a case-control study of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III.","authors":"Roberta Risola, Gabriele Mandarelli, Ignazio Grattagliano, Anna Cassano, Antonia Valerio, Cristiano Barbieri, Roberto Catanesi","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owad054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owad054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The possible tendency of subjects to decrease, hide, or omit symptomatic aspects of their mental functioning is one of the main problems in forensic psychological and psychiatric evaluations. We aimed at verifying the possible existence of significant differences in the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) scales scores between a sample of dissimulators (<i>n</i> = 40) and their non-dissimulator counterpart matched by age, sex, and diagnosis. Cases and comparisons were retrieved from the archive of a single university forensic psychiatric centre between 2013 and 2022. Results showed statistically significant higher scores in the sample of dissimulators in the Desirability, Histrionic, Narcissistic, and Compulsive MCMI-III scales than in the comparison sample. Point biserial correlation test disclosed a strong positive correlation between the Desirability, Histrionic, Narcissistic, and Compulsive scales of the MCMI-III and being in the dissimulator group of subjects while a negative correlation emerged for all the other scales except drug dependence.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>The forensic setting can affect a subject's behaviour.Dissimulation is a mechanism of minimization or concealment of a psycho-pathological condition.The MCMI-III can be a useful tool for a forensic psychiatrist or forensic psychologist in assessing dissimulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"owad054"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10986745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140872527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bullet ricochet mark plan-view morphology in concrete: an experimental assessment of five bullet types and two distances using machine learning.","authors":"Metin I Eren, Jay Romans, Robert S Walker, Briggs Buchanan, Alastair Key","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owad051","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owad051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bullet ricochets are common occurrences during shooting incidents and can provide a wealth of information useful for shooting incident reconstruction. However, there have only been a small number of studies that have systematically investigated bullet ricochet impact site morphology. Here, this study reports on an experiment that examined the plan-view morphology of 297 ricochet impact sites in concrete that were produced by five different bullet types shot from two distances. This study used a random forest machine learning algorithm to classify bullet types with morphological dimensions of the ricochet mark (impact) with length and perimeter-to-area ratio emerging as the top predictor variables. The 0.22 LR leaves the most distinctive impact mark on the concrete, and overall, the classification accuracy using leave-one-out cross-validation is 62%, considerably higher than a random classification accuracy of 20%. Adding in distance to the model as a predictor increases the classification accuracy to 66%. These initial results are promising, in that they suggest that an unknown bullet type can potentially be determined, or at least probabilistically assessed, from the morphology of the ricochet impact site alone. However, the substantial amount of overlap this study documented among distinct bullet types' ricochet mark morphologies under highly controlled conditions and with machine learning suggests that the human identification of ricochet marks in real-world shooting incident reconstructions may be on occasion, or perhaps regularly, in error.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>Bullet ricochet impact sites can help with shooting incident reconstruction.A random forest machine learning algorithm classified bullet type from ricochet morphology.Results suggest that unknown bullets can potentially be determined from ricochet impact site morphology.Human identification of bullet types from ricochet sites may be erroneous.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"owad051"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10982854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}