Forensic Sciences Research最新文献

{"title":"Editorial Statement: <i>Forensic parasitology: a new frontier in criminalistics</i>.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owae052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 3","pages":"owae052"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From desire to destruction: addiction, jealousy, and mental disorder in an Italian femicide case.","authors":"Cristiano Barbieri, Roberta Risola, Andrea De Leo, Anna Cassano, Ignazio Grattagliano, Kimberly Pagani, Maria Grazia Violante","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owaf018","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owaf018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This contribution aims to analyse an Italian femicide case that progressed through three levels of trial up to the Supreme Court of Cassation and required an expert opinion. This analysis will address specific forensic psychiatry issues inherent to this field, i.e., the interaction between addiction, jealousy, and mental disorder in a femicide case, which necessitates a comprehensive understanding of both criminology and legal medicine. On one hand, the nosographic setup of the so-called dual diagnosis (in the case examined, there was alcohol addiction and a borderline personality disorder), together with conditions inherent to a personality disorder (in this specific case, at least a borderline state or actually marginal manifest disease) that integrated an infirmity with legal relevance. Both conditions were inserted in a relational context of dysfunctional and collusive characters in which the victim's personality caused her, at a victimological level, to become an active partner co-responsible for the criminal act. <b>Key points</b>  Forensic psychiatric analysis in a case of femicide.Nosographic difficulty in making dual diagnosis.Assessment of the perpetrator's mental capacity and of diminished responsibility.Personal predisposition of the victim as an active partner in the crime.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 3","pages":"owaf018"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12403057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144993912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elder abuse-related rib fractures: performance of chest computed tomography in two case reports.","authors":"Zhilu Zhou, Peipei Zhuo, Jiemin Chen, Lei Wan, Xiaoying Yu, Maowen Wang, Dan Ran, Xiaoping Yang, Hongxia Hao, Wentao Xia, Qing Xia","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owaf011","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owaf011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trauma in victims of abuse often exists in various ways, and the characters usually manifest as non-fatal injuries, repetitive occurrence, and the injured parts are relatively hidden. Forensic experts are optimally positioned to raise suspicion for abuse when comprehensively considering a forensic investigation, reviewing imaging, and other multiple factors of geriatric injury victims. However, few experts received formal or informal training in abuse identification. In this article, we discussed two cases of suspected victims of abuse with rib fractures and attempted to determine the location, timing, and directionality of these injuries to raise the index of suspicion for abuse. We present two cases to characterize the radiographic changes of rib fractures in various stages of healing and radiographic findings in elder abuse events. To improve the accuracy of the imaging diagnosis, we collected a series of computed tomography images of rib fractures and compared all computed tomography images of these two victims with these images. We found that the victims presented with repeated rib fractures and with different stages of healing. We strongly suspect these were abuse cases due to the radiographic findings and clinical recordings demonstrated by these cases. We aim to raise awareness of abuse in radiology and forensic medicine to help these victims and reduce such incidents.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 3","pages":"owaf011"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12302708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E-dentification, the use of teledentistry for remote personal forensic identification in forensic odontology: a Queensland experience.","authors":"Neil Evans, Alistair Soon, Alex Forrest, Matthew Meredith, Peter Harris","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owaf016","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owaf016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dental comparison is recognized by the International Criminal Police Organization as one of three primary forensic identification techniques that can provide conclusive findings. Queensland is a large Australian state with a centralized forensic odontology service located at Queensland Health's Coronial and Public Health Sciences (CPHS) in Brisbane, which sits in the state's South-Eastern corner. Almost half of the Queensland population is located outside of Brisbane, and the distance to regional centres can be very large. Transporting forensic dental personnel and their equipment to these regional centres to undertake identification and examination procedures can be both expensive and time-consuming, depriving CPHS of service for the period of absence. The acquisition of post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) data locally in regional centres with remote access electronically from CPHS in Brisbane has the potential to alleviate these issues in many cases. Forensic radiographers at CPHS work with forensic odontologists to produce multi-planar reformat images from PMCT data, which simulate common dental radiographs such as orthopantomogram, bitewing, and periapical views. Additional images, such as three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of the teeth and jaws, can also be produced and viewed from various angles. These multi-planar reformat and 3D images can be compared with antemortem (AM) radiographic images and dental records of a missing person sourced from public or private dental surgeries, public hospitals, or private radiology practices. Comparisons can be made not only with AM traditional dental radiographs but also with images and reconstructions produced from AM dental cone-beam computed tomography or medical computed tomography data. The authors term this remote dental identification \"e-dentification\". While e-dentification offers numerous advantages, there are several limitations to its use, including access to the necessary equipment, the consistent acquisition of high-resolution PMCT data, and artefacts, including those due to metal restorations, that may be present in computed tomography images. We present four cases to illustrate and discuss e-dentification.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 3","pages":"owaf016"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12356368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144875855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of progress in violence risk assessment methods.","authors":"Xindi Ling, Haozhe Li, Wen Li, Shujian Wang, Qinting Zhang, Weixiong Cai","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owaf014","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owaf014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Violence often occurs among patients with mental disorders. The risk of violence is assessed under the demand of psychiatric clinical treatment or forensic assessment. Corresponding therapeutic intervention strategies could be developed according to the outcome of the assessment. Currently, violence risk assessment methods are mainly divided into actuarial assessment and structured professional judgement. Scientific and objective assessment results support judicial decisions and risk management. However, all the assessment methods have certain shortcomings, and there is still room for improvement. This paper reviews several tools of violence risk assessment and their research progress, focusing on the main content of each tool and its applicability. The review aimed to provide a reference for the selection and application of violence risk assessment tools and optimization of violence risk assessment methods in the future. <b>Key points</b>  The violence risk assessment methods are widely used in psychiatric clinical treatment or forensic assessment, but all the methods have certain shortcomings.The review discussed main contents and research progress of several violence risk assessment tools in order to explore applicability of each tool.The review aimed to provide a reference for the selection and application of violence risk assessment tools and optimization of violence risk assessment methods in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 3","pages":"owaf014"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12396626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic science or sciences? The recognition as an independent science and redefinition of expert practices based on transdisciplinary.","authors":"Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owaf012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owaf012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forensic science explores scientific knowledge to clarify legal and legal issues. Since I started in this area of knowledge in mid-2007, my priority has been to create a centre of reference and excellence that would advance forensic science, an area sometimes based on self-taught practices. Along this pathway, I always considered that we were dealing with an articulated set of \"Forensic Sciences\" and not with a single \"Forensic Science\", but I was, at least partially, wrong! This work discusses the competencies of the different forensic subspecialties, seeking to be the starting point for reformulating forensic teaching, research, and public and private forensic activity. It also highlights the concern of offering a certain level of professionalization to forensic science. For this reflection, it was important to follow a path that had its foundations in the study of the historical roots of forensic science, namely the first Portuguese forensic case, to study the revolutionary scientific contribution triggered by the \"CSI effect\", to understand in depth the competencies of each of the forensic subspecialties and bring this knowledge to specialized pre- and postgraduate training, to promote innovation through peer review of empirical forensic practices to increase the scientific evidence, the development of certification mechanisms for forensic experts and their respective code of ethics, and to open the doors for artificial intelligence to assist the courts and the opportunity that forensic science represents in the development of other areas of health sciences, life, and social behaviour. Thus, it was born, very unconsciously, a scientific project for the transdisciplinary reformulation of forensic activity, but over time, it allowed me to realize that we can have specialists trained in all its dimensions and plenitude. The pillars for the modernization of this science and, ultimately, the law, which, together with education and health, are the three main pillars of society. Not punishing innocent people, leaving criminals unharmed through scientific evidence, seeking justice, and repairing the damage is the supreme spirit of Forensic Science. Our One Forensics model is now being considered to be implemented by other countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 3","pages":"owaf012"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12499758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Genetic Polymorphisms of 21 STR Loci of Goldeneye^TM DNA ID 22NC Kit in Five Ethnic Groups of China.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owaf009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owaf009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2018.1479148.].</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 2","pages":"owaf009"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elliptical Fourier analysis of bullet ricochet impact site plan-view shape in concrete.","authors":"Jonathan Paige, Robert S Walker, Briggs Buchanan, Alastair Key, Jay Romans, Metin I Eren","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owaf010","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owaf010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bullet ricochets often leave impact sites that can be useful for shooting incident reconstruction. Here, we assess the proposal that these sites can potentially provide information about the design and composition of the projectile and possibly the corresponding firearm. We produced impact sites in concrete from five bullet types fired at two distances, for a total of 10 experimental conditions. Then, using elliptical Fourier analysis, we assessed the 297 bullet ricochet impact sites' plan-view outline shapes. Of the different bullet types, the 45 calibre Hollow Points exhibited the greatest variability in ricochet impact site shape, and the greatest potential for diagnosis. Overall, statistical assessment of robust sample sizes of ricochet impact sites suggests that there is too much overlap between different bullets' ricochet sites' plan-view form for confident identification of bullet design and composition, much less identification of the firearm from which it originated. We conclude with an extended discussion about future experiments involving bullet ricochet impact sites, including the employment of \"paradigmatic classification\", which can both organise the testing of experimental variables as well as illustrate the tremendous amount of experimental work that still needs to be conducted before researchers or firearm examiners draw firm conclusions. Key PointsBullet ricochet impact sites often occur in shooting incidents.We analysed bullet richochet impact site shapes in concrete using elliptical Fourier analysis.Results suggest different bullet types' ricochet impact shape morphospaces overlap with each other.This overlap obscures conclusions about the design and composition of the projectile and possibly the responsible firearm.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 3","pages":"owaf010"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12375218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of techniques for the enhancement of latent fingermarks from fired and unfired cartridge cases: a systematic review.","authors":"Maxwell Abedi, Christopher Mabasa, Sekgololo A Mabudusha","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owaf006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owaf006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability to develop latent fingermarks from fired and unfired cartridge cases can be crucial in resolving crime cases and advancing forensic investigations. Currently, there is a lack of consensus on the ideal technique to employ for the enhancement of latent fingermarks from fired and unfired cartridge cases. This review therefore aims to explore techniques and methods employed to develop latent fingermarks from fired and unfired cartridge cases. A systematic search of peer-reviewed original articles was performed from four main electronic databases: ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed. According to data from our review, the most well-established method for developing latent fingermarks from fired and unfired cartridge cases remains the sequential application of cyanoacrylate fuming, followed by gun bluing, and the application of a fluorescent dye called basic yellow 40. This review also discusses the current scope of research, highlights the limitations, and provides practical recommendations for future perspectives. <b>Key points</b>  Fingermark evidence on fired and unfired cartridge cases cannot be undervalued.The enhancement of latent fingermarks from fired cartridge cases is possible although challenging.Enhancement of latent fingermarks from fired cartridge case is possible with cyanoacrylate fuming followed by gun bluing and basic yellow 40.Recover Latent Fingerprint Technology, palladium deposition, and cold patination fluid are promising fingermark enhancement techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 3","pages":"owaf006"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12374536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acknowledgment to reviewers-January 2024 to December 2024.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owaf004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owaf004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 4","pages":"owaf004"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11808798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}