Exploration of techniques for the enhancement of latent fingermarks from fired and unfired cartridge cases: a systematic review.

The ability to develop latent fingermarks from fired and unfired cartridge cases can be crucial in resolving crime cases and advancing forensic investigations. Currently, there is a lack of consensus on the ideal technique to employ for the enhancement of latent fingermarks from fired and unfired cartridge cases. This review therefore aims to explore techniques and methods employed to develop latent fingermarks from fired and unfired cartridge cases. A systematic search of peer-reviewed original articles was performed from four main electronic databases: ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed. According to data from our review, the most well-established method for developing latent fingermarks from fired and unfired cartridge cases remains the sequential application of cyanoacrylate fuming, followed by gun bluing, and the application of a fluorescent dye called basic yellow 40. This review also discusses the current scope of research, highlights the limitations, and provides practical recommendations for future perspectives. Key points  Fingermark evidence on fired and unfired cartridge cases cannot be undervalued.The enhancement of latent fingermarks from fired cartridge cases is possible although challenging.Enhancement of latent fingermarks from fired cartridge case is possible with cyanoacrylate fuming followed by gun bluing and basic yellow 40.Recover Latent Fingerprint Technology, palladium deposition, and cold patination fluid are promising fingermark enhancement techniques.