Forensic Sciences Research最新文献

{"title":"Blunt cardiac rupture of left ventricular apex without external chest injury in a young man: a case report.","authors":"Qing Gao, Huine Liu, Xiaoshan Tan, Weisheng Huang, Meichen Pan, Yiwu Zhou, Hongmei Dong","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owaf044","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owaf044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiac rupture in blunt cardiac injuries, though uncommon, can be fatal. A particularly rare occurrence is blunt cardiac rupture of the left ventricle without external chest injury. Herein, we report a case of cardiac rupture without external chest injuries in a 21-year-old man who died after a physical altercation. The cause of death was attributed to cardiac rupture caused by blunt force. We analysed the differential diagnoses of cardiac rupture with intact pericardium, including cardiac diseases, blunt chest injury, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Additionally, we discussed the relevant factors for cardiac rupture in this case, including sudden enormous force, cardiac cycle, chest wall compliance, and alcohol consumption. Furthermore, we highlighted that no explicable cause other than cardiac rupture accounted for the death.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 4","pages":"owaf044"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12758379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145967447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first identified skeletal collection of the Azores archipelago, Portugal.","authors":"Félix Rodrigues, António Félix Rodrigues, Vítor Matos, Armando Mendes, Eugénia Cunha, Maria Teresa Ferreira","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owaf046","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owaf046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Identified skeletal collections play a crucial role in anthropology, as the biographic information they contain enables the development and adaptation of population-specific identification methods, namely for biological profile (sex, age-at-death, stature, and ancestry). In Portugal, aside from academic systematic research, these collections also permit the training of new professionals while also providing an ethical destination for unclaimed skeletal remains. As of now, mainland Portugal has nine identified skeletal collections representing populations of a great part of its territory. Nevertheless, the population from the Portuguese insular territories, with its unique migration history and distinctive cultural and environmental contexts, has remained unrepresented until now. This paper presents the first identified skeletal collection from the Azores archipelago (CEI/Açores) that results from a pioneering effort between the two Terceira island municipalities (Angra do Heroísmo and Praia da Vitória) and academic researchers in anthropology. A protocol, established in March of 2023 and still ongoing, enabled the integration of unclaimed human skeletal remains from municipal cemeteries in the CEI/Açores. This collection was assembled not only for scientific research purposes but also with the aim of preventing their cremation or deposition in mass graves, which could lead to the loss of identity and hinder future recovery. Currently, the CEI/Açores is housed and legally possessed by Praia da Vitória municipality and includes 75 identified skeletons of individuals who were born on Terceira island, where they also died between 1978 and 2013. The majority of them (87%) are almost complete or relatively complete. Females (56%, <i>n</i> = 40) are slightly more represented than males (44%, <i>n</i> = 35). The overall age-at-death ranges between 26 and 97 years (mean = 71.47 ± 15.09). Specifically, the ages range for males is 26-89 years (mean = 65.42 ± 16.45), and for females, it is 39-97 years (mean = 76.83 ± 11.55). Various bone lesions, spanning traumatic, neoplastic, degenerative, and potentially infectious origins, were observed, alongside the presence of prosthetics, pacemakers, and other medical devices. Although the CEI/Açores is still in its early stages and is currently undergoing expansion, it already presents significant research potential, not only at the local level but also on a global scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 4","pages":"owaf046"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12885094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147436530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction of: Sequencing of Human Identification Markers in an Uyghur Population Using the MiSeq FGx^TM Forensic Genomics System.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owaf039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owaf039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2020.1779967.][This retracts the article DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owae010.].</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 3","pages":"owaf039"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12612667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145543225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green clues: unveiling the role of bryophytes in forensic science.","authors":"Jenna Merkel, Matt von Konrat, Lloyd R Stark, Andrew Laurence, Laura Briscoe, Becky Collings, Peter Carrington, Danny Kreider, Juan Larraín, Alan Lichamer, Gary Merrill, Anton Reznicek, R Jan Stevenson, Frank W Telewski, J B Wells","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owaf026","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owaf026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forensic botany is the use of plant material as evidence to aid in forensic investigations. Bryology is the study of bryophytes, which consist of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Botanical evidence as a whole, and more specifically potential bryophyte evidence, is an underused potential tool that can provide crucial information in criminal investigations. This paper (i) outlines a review of all bryophyte applications to forensic science, to the best of our knowledge, (ii) demonstrates the potential of using this type of evidence, (iii) presents details into each case, and (iv) highlights the various uses of bryophytes as forensic evidence. From our review, all cases have seemingly been limited to mosses. The overarching goal is for this review to be a resource that encourages law enforcement to search for plant fragments and microscopic bryophytes. Key PointsBryophytes are an underutilized potential tool within forensic science.Bryophytes are ubiquitous as well as have a number of unique features and can be found in almost every environment around the world.Many reported and published case reports exemplify the numerous applications for bryophytes and other botanical evidence within forensic science.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 3","pages":"owaf026"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12598279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145496927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental validation of a novel multiple genotyping assay with 23 pigeon STR loci.","authors":"Rongxing Wei, Jiaqian Le, Xueyuan Liu, Weian Du, Yangyang Zheng, Shiying Deng, Chengliang Yang, Weibin Wu, Rufeng Bai, Ling Chen","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owaf037","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owaf037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pigeons (<i>Columba livia</i>) occupy an important place in pigeon racing due to their extraordinary flying and nesting abilities. In order to maintain fairness in these races through accurate individual identification of pigeons using forensic techniques, we developed a novel multiple genotyping system containing 23 pigeon short tandem repeat (STR) polymorphisms and a chromo-helicase DNA binding gene (CHD). This system underwent rigorous validation in accordance with the guidelines set by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods, including species specificity, sensitivity, repeatability, reproducibility, size precision, and a population study of 219 unrelated individual pigeons. The results demonstrated that the novel pigeon STR system was specific, reproducible, accurate and consistent. Complete profiles were obtained with 62.5 pg of pigeon DNA input. Furthermore, the combined discrimination power of the 23 STR loci reached 1-3.666 4 × 10^-19, while the combined exclusion power was 1-6.596 8 × 10^-5. These findings underscore the high polymorphism and informativeness of pigeon STR genetic markers, making them ideal for pigeon individual identification and parentage testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 4","pages":"owaf037"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12724078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145865518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human cadaver decomposition islands and forensic taphonomy: gravesoil δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N enrichment patterns in short (30 d) and extended (900 d) postmortem intervals.","authors":"Kelly L Miles, Victoria Gibbon, Brian Hayden","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owaf027","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owaf027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil forensics examines edaphic properties of evidentiary value in the immediate vicinity of human remains in a region called the cadaver decomposition island (CDI). As a body decomposes, soil in the CDI is permeated with liquified human nutrients and becomes gravesoil. This study is the first to specifically investigate how stable isotopes of carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) change in human gravesoils during decomposition over the postmortem interval (PMI). Gravesoil samples were analysed for %C, δ¹³C, %N, and δ¹⁵N in CDIs over the initial 30-d PMI (PMI₃₀) and over longer PMIs up to 900 d (PMI₉₀₀). Gravesoil %C and δ¹³C did not show any significant changes with decomposition progression in the PMI₃₀ study. By days 10-15, gravesoil mean %N more than doubled from 0.4% to 1.05%, while mean gravesoil δ¹⁵N increased from 3.3‰ to 8.2‰ by day 10, up to a high mean of 9.9‰ on day 20. Both %N and δ¹⁵N remained significantly elevated for the entire PMI₃₀ period. In the PMI₉₀₀ study, gravesoils increased from 0.2%-0.8% N to a high of 1.9% N after 2-3 months, then decreased to 0.5%-0.6% in the 600-900 d time frame. Gravesoil δ¹⁵N originating at 2‰-4‰ was enriched by 15‰-20‰ after the first month, eventually declining to 9‰-11‰ after 600-900 d. We conclude that δ¹⁵N in human gravesoils has promise as a forensic tool to detect a CDI and correlate it with decomposition stage that adds to existing methods in estimating PMI, even if the body is absent. <b>Key Points</b>  Soil forensics examines the products of human decomposition and their impacts on underlying gravesoil.Various forms of nitrogen and carbon have proven to be a useful indicator of the presence of gravesoils.%C, δ¹³C, %N, and δ¹⁵N in CDIs were measured at different depths and distances from the remains in the short PMI (30 d) and extended PMI (900 d).When compared to control soils, δ¹⁵N and %N levels in gravesoil increased by day 10, peaked by day 20, and remained high over the 30-d study. In the longer PMI study, %N returned to control levels in the 600-900 d time frame, while δ¹⁵N levels remained elevated at the end of the experiment.We conclude that δ¹⁵N is a useful indicator of not only the presence of a CDI but also has tangible use as a PMI estimation tool for forensic taphonomists.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 4","pages":"owaf027"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12684722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145769373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical assessment of two swab types for human and microbial DNA extraction from latent fingerprints.","authors":"Josep De Alcaraz-Fossoul, Francisco Medina-Paz, Sara C Zapico","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owaf028","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owaf028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Latent fingerprints are a valuable yet challenging source of both human and microbial DNA, especially when ridge patterns are of poor visual quality with little to no identification potential. The efficiency of DNA collection and extraction depends on the choice of the sampling technique and the specimen conditions. This study compared two swab types for collecting and extracting human and microbial DNA from the fingers and fingerprints of two participants: 4N6FLOQSwabs® Genetics (Copan Italia) and standard cotton swabs (Dealmed Cotton-Tipped Sterile Wood Applicators). Results revealed higher DNA recovery for one participant regardless of swab type, indicating variability likely due to individual differences in natural cell/DNA shedding. Microbial DNA recovery ranged from 100% (from fingers) to 30% (from fingerprints), implying a loss of DNA during deposition, with 4N6FLOQSwabs® generally outperforming cotton swabs. Total DNA recovery from fingerprints was ~57% of that from fingers, comparable between both swab types, though 4N6FLOQSwabs® yields were higher overall. STR profiling <i>via</i> direct PCR with MicroFLOQ® showed that 4N6FLOQSwabs® performance was also superior, successfully identifying STR loci from fingers in 74% of cases, compared to 54% with cotton swabs. This figure was similar when extracting DNA from fingerprints (~40%). This comparative study underscores the importance of selecting the appropriate swab type for optimal DNA extraction from fingers and latent fingerprints in forensic investigations. <b>Key Points</b>  4N6FLOQSwabs® more effectively collects DNA from fingers and fingerprints than cotton swabs.Direct PCR with MicroFLOQ® on 4N6FLOQSwabs® provides higher DNA quality as shown by STR profiling.4N6FLOQSwabs® and cotton swabs detect no influence of handedness in DNA recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 4","pages":"owaf028"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12684710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145769400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To test or not to test for body fluids: integration of body fluid identification and direct PCR in one workflow.","authors":"Francisco Medina-Paz, Gabriela Roca, Christian Stadler, Santina Castriciano, Sara C Zapico","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owaf025","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owaf025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Frequently at crime scenes, it is possible to find lesser amounts of biological material, which prevents performing all the analyses to make a full identification of the evidence: body fluid identification, DNA extraction, human DNA quantitation, and short tandem repeats (STR) profiling. In these situations, DNA profiling is chosen over body fluid identification. Nowadays, the current advancements in forensic genetics, such as the development of different swab materials and direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, allow us to skip the steps of DNA extraction and quantitation, avoiding losing important amounts of genetic material and original evidence. However, DNA profiling is as important as body fluid identification in certain cases. The present study assessed the efficiency of integrating body fluid identification by immunochromatographic tests and genetic profiling into a single workflow using microFLOQ® swabs and evaluating different approaches in bloodstain samples. The findings from this research indicated that the microFLOQ can be used both for sampling directly from the source and for subsampling from swabs of different materials, followed by direct PCR to get good-quality STR profiles, in this case allowing to extract the maximum information from a \"unique\" source of evidence before destruction, as in body fluid and genetic identification. Future research can expand these results to other body fluids (i.e., semen and saliva) and mixtures. <b>Key points</b>  The present work showed that the integration of body fluid identification by immunochromatographic tests and genetic profiling by STR analysis into a single workflow is feasible.Three different strategies for integrating body fluid identification and genetic profile into one single workflow were assessed with different results.No clear correlation was found between hemoglobin concentration and the quality of the STR profiles.A viable solution for low-quantity DNA casework scenarios may be using microFLOQ for subsampling from regular cotton or nylon-flocked (4N6FLOQ) swabs.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 4","pages":"owaf025"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12885095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147436501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Statement: <i>Forensic parasitology: a new frontier in criminalistics</i>.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owae052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 3","pages":"owae052"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional estimation by oxygen isotope ratio analysis using tooth enamel of Japanese individuals.","authors":"Kaisei Ono, Hidetoshi Someda, Masatsugu Hashimoto, Yasutaka Nakamura, Ichiro Tayasu, Chikage Yoshimizu, Noboru Ishikawa","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owaf024","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owaf024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the field of forensic sciences, human teeth are used to identify individuals in cases involving unidentified bodies. In recent years, isotope analysis of tooth enamel has been increasingly employed to estimate birth year and place of birth. The enamel is formed between the prenatal period and childhood, and after the tooth crown is complete, it does not undergo additional growth. Therefore, the oxygen isotope composition of the enamel bioapatite is significantly influenced by the environmental conditions during these periods, including dietary habits and tap water consumption. In this study, we aimed to predict the places of birth of 65 Japanese individuals, whose places of birth were known, by analysing the oxygen isotope ratios in carbonates in the enamel bioapatite. The oxygen isotope ratio in bioapatite varied from a maximum value of -3.4‰ to a minimum of -8.76‰, indicating lower and higher values in cold and warm areas, respectively. Furthermore, a correlation was observed between the oxygen isotope ratios and the latitudes and average annual temperatures of the place of residence during enamel formation (correlation coefficients: -0.84 and 0.81, respectively). Oxygen isotope analysis of enamel bioapatite can help in determining the environmental conditions in the place of residence during enamel formation. Overall, oxygen isotope analysis can be useful in predicting the place of residence during enamel formation of individuals in Japan. <b>Key Points</b>  Oxygen isotope ratios in tooth enamel bioapatite were analysed to determine the birthplaces of Japanese individuals.The oxygen isotope ratio correlated with the latitude and average annual temperature of the place of residence during enamel formation.Oxygen isotope analysis can help in estimating the place of birth of individuals in Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 4","pages":"owaf024"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12663782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145649578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}