Forensic Sciences Research最新文献

{"title":"Correction to: Forensic features and phylogenetic structure survey of four populations from southwest China <i>via</i> the autosomal insertion/deletion markers.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owae059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad052.].</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 3","pages":"owae059"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11468108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic identification in a multidisciplinary perspective focusing on big challenges.","authors":"Eugénia Cunha, Zuzana Obertová","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae063","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owae063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 3","pages":"owae063"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11492282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Potential role of the sella turcica X-ray imaging aspects for sex estimation in the field of forensic anthropology: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owae060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad046.].</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 3","pages":"owae060"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11440701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Evaluation of data collection bias of third molar stages of mineralisation for age estimation in the living.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owae057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owae004.].</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 3","pages":"owae057"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11428377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of skeletal trauma resulting from motor vehicle collisions: a scoping literature review.","authors":"Alexandra Wulff, Richard G D Fernandez, Joanna F Dipnall, Soren Blau, Samantha K Rowbotham","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae064","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owae064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a leading cause of fatality, motor vehicle collisions comprise a significant proportion of medico-legal cases worldwide. During death investigations into such events, forensic practitioners may be asked to make inferences about the relationship between traumatic injuries and the circumstances of the collision. These interpretations require a thorough understanding of the hard and soft tissue blunt force trauma that results from vehicle collisions. This scoping literature review aimed to assess what is currently known about skeletal fracture patterns in occupants of fatal motor vehicle collisions and how contextual variables influence those fractures. Upon screening the search results from several databases based on a set of pre-defined inclusion criteria, 133 articles were identified including case reports, case series and large empirical studies. Most studies investigated car occupants, followed by motorcyclists, with very few focusing on heavy vehicle occupants. Fractures patterns observed comprised a high prevalence of rib, lower limb, and skull fractures in motorcyclists and a high frequency of skull, vertebral and rib fractures in car occupants, whilst pectoral girdle fractures were rare in both occupant types. The level of contextual detail about the collision varied between studies, with most failing to consider the influence of occupant and crash-related variables on resulting fractures. Further, there was a strong focus on soft tissue trauma and a lack of differentiation between fractures in deceased adult vehicle occupants and other groups. The minimal fracture data available in these studies provides limited assistance to forensic practitioners interpreting motor vehicle collision trauma. Additional research on fracture patterns in the context of the variables that influence trauma is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 2","pages":"owae064"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12140010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"I have a question about evaluative reporting: a comprehensive collection of FAQs.","authors":"Ronald Brent Ostrum","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae062","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owae062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With various calls in the forensic scientific literature for pattern-matching disciplines to adopt evaluative reporting, which is also known as the likelihood ratio or logical approach, practitioners used to reporting evidence under a more traditional paradigm may have a level of apprehension and face a steep learning curve. There may be doubts about the benefits of evaluative reporting, when it applies and when it does not, what it actually entails, its validity, and how to explain it in court. These questions and more are answered in this comprehensive collection of frequently asked questions on evaluative reporting. While the focus is on providing context for forensic handwriting examiners, many of the questions and answers are general in nature and the concepts can be applied to other disciplines.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 4","pages":"owae062"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of the morphological scoring of costal cartilage ossification in age estimation of adult Egyptians using multidetector computed tomography.","authors":"Mai Mohammad Elgendy, Somaya Abdel-Gawad Madkour, Fatma Mohamed Magdi Badr Eldine, Doaa Mokhtar Emara, MennattAllah Hassan Attia","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae061","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owae061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Age estimation of adults is a challenging procedure in forensic practice. Inspired by the previous work by Chinese scholars, we established population-specific age estimation models from the osseous and calcified projections (OCPs) of costal cartilages, using three-dimensional volume-rendering technique. A total of 168 clinical CT scans (2 mm slice thickness) were used to develop the sex-specific age prediction models from a sample of Egyptians, comprising 70 females and 98 males, with documented ages between 12 and 85 years. The sample was also used for validating the Chinese model. We reported the differences between the predictive accuracy of the Egyptian (population specific) and Chinese (non-population specific) models. The most accurate age estimation model was stepwise linear regression with standard error of estimates of 10.9 and 11.8 years in males and females, respectively. For the simple linear regression models, the most accurate formula included OCP of the right second costal cartilage in males and OCP of the left third costal cartilage in females with standard error of estimates of 11.2 and 12.2 years, respectively, and mean absolute error (MAE) of 8.8 and 9.6 years, respectively. By comparison, the best accuracy rates produced by the Chinese <i>vs.</i> the Egyptian models in males and females within 5 years were 30.61% and 32.86% <i>vs.</i> 35.71% and 32.86%, respectively, whereas within 10 years, the accuracy rates increased up to 57.14% and 58.57% <i>vs.</i> 72.45% and 64.29%, respectively. Although the accuracy rates from the Chinese models were lower than those obtained from the Egyptian models, the MAE and least error values were comparable in both sexes. Notable accurate age estimation rates in the advanced age group ≥40 years were reached being 81.25% to 97.92% in males and 69.77% to 93.02% in females. OCP of the right first costal cartilage was the most accurate in cross-population application for males and females with MAE values of 10.7 and 11.03 years, respectively, with balanced accuracy rates of age estimation using the 10-year interval and 40-year cutoff.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>Age differences in calcification form and amount in the seven costal cartilages were found.The best model for males include the second costal cartilage.The best model for females include third or fifth costal cartilages.First OCP is the most accurate in cross-population application regardless of sex.The best OCP in one population is not necessarily the best predictor in both samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 2","pages":"owae061"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12120137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Succeeding together: the power of collaboration between forensic and criminal intelligence.","authors":"Maralee Tapps, Ozalée Piat, Audrey-Anne Matte, Romain Volery","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owae054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 4","pages":"owae054"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11655622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Error mitigation in forensic handwriting examination: the examiner's perspective.","authors":"Nicole Crown, Raymond Marquis, Erich Kupferschmid, Tomasz Dziedzic, Diana Belic, Dorijan Kerzan","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae065","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owae065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Like other pattern recognition disciplines, forensic handwriting examination relies on various human factors. Expert opinions in the field are based on visual analysis and comparison, and the evaluation of findings is generally conducted without reference to tabulated data. This high level of subjectivity may contribute to bias and error in the examination process. In this paper, we draw on our research and practical experience to discuss error mitigation on several levels, addressing both aspects of quality management and the individual responsibility of examiners. Because a good understanding of the concept of error is needed to communicate appropriately about this subject, definitions of error-related concepts are provided. We consider contextual information management essential to reduce the potential for cognitive bias in casework. To ensure completeness of findings and avoid omission errors, the use of checklists during a forensic handwriting examination is encouraged, and an exemplary checklist incorporating all the examination steps is provided. We consider the use of a logical reasoning approach to evaluate findings an important step towards robustness and transparency in the examiner's report. An independent, blinded peer review of the examination is recommended as a further key step in error mitigation. Regular participation in testing programmes and continuous training and education are essential to maintaining and improving competency at both individual and organizational levels. Finally, developments in the form of tabulated data and the use of algorithms are considered useful ways of increasing objectivity in the field and minimizing human error.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 4","pages":"owae065"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human identification through forensic skeletal analysis: three case reviews.","authors":"Joe Adserias-Garriga, Shelby Feirstein, Dakota Bell, Hannah Skropits, Dennis C Dirkmaat","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owae053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Establishing a positive identification of human remains found in a forensic setting is often accomplished through DNA, fingerprints, or odontology. However, when these primary identifiers cannot be applied, practitioners can rely on combining points of concordance derived from other identification modalities such as antemortem trauma, pathology, or unique skeletal morphologies to build up a case for identification. In order to conduct these comparisons, forensic anthropologists must be well trained and experienced in human skeletal variation and antemortem trauma to properly evaluate a particular skeletal trait and understand its value with respect to personal identification. In addition to macroscopic analysis of skeletal features and standard radiographic images, recent forensic anthropological efforts of establishing personal identity from the skeleton have employed high-quality clinical imaging technologies. This article presents three forensic anthropological cases in which positive identification was established on the basis of multiple antemortem to postmortem comparison modalities that included skeletal variation, antemortem fracture morphologies, trabecular patterns, dental traits, and implanted surgical devices. These cases use a variety of imaging techniques, such as cranial radiographic images, dental radiographs, computed tomography, photography, and 3D surface scans of the skeletal remains, to achieve personal identification.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>The identification of the remains becomes a top priority in forensic investigations.Dental treatment, implanted surgical devices, anatomical variation, and healed skeletal trauma can provide useful features for the antemortem <i>vs.</i> postmortem records comparison.This article discusses three cases in which multiple forms of antemortem and postmortem imaging were used to compare skeletal areas of interest.All cases were carried out by the Mercyhurst University Forensic Anthropology Team.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 3","pages":"owae053"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11466718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}