Forensic Sciences Research最新文献_第10页

Evaluation of DNA Methylation-Based Age-Prediction Models from Saliva and Buccal Swab Samples Using Pyrosequencing Data 利用焦磷酸测序数据评估唾液和口腔拭子样本的DNA甲基化年龄预测模型

IF 1.3 4区医学

Forensic Sciences Research Pub Date : 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.3390/forensicsci3020015

Alexandre Poussard, Jean-Yves Curci, C. Siatka, Francis Hermitte, Amaury Pussiau, Hélène Singla-Sanchez, Sylvain Hubac

{"title":"Evaluation of DNA Methylation-Based Age-Prediction Models from Saliva and Buccal Swab Samples Using Pyrosequencing Data","authors":"Alexandre Poussard, Jean-Yves Curci, C. Siatka, Francis Hermitte, Amaury Pussiau, Hélène Singla-Sanchez, Sylvain Hubac","doi":"10.3390/forensicsci3020015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci3020015","url":null,"abstract":"In forensic genetics, the identification of an individual is often carried out by comparing unknown DNA profiles obtained in a case against databases or references. When no match is found, investigators need new tools in order to obtain additional leads. The latest technical advances now make it possible to predict externally visible characteristics. With this objective, predicting the age of an individual through DNA methylation analysis remains one of the last challenges. The prediction models have to account for the specific constraints of this field, including tissue specificity and DNA availability (i.e., low DNA amounts or low-quality DNA). Jung and colleagues have recently produced models from blood, saliva and buccal cells by using a single base extension sequencing method. With the goal of evaluating these models in our own analytical conditions, saliva and buccal cell samples from 115 French individuals between the ages of 0 and 88 years old were collected and analyzed. After having determined the optimal analysis conditions, including the DNA quantity for bisulfite conversion (75 ng), some differences were highlighted in the measured methylation rates between the two studies. Despite these discrepancies, the prediction performance levels remain very similar, our study showing mean absolute errors of 3.5 years, 3.9 years and 3.2 years, respectively, for the saliva, buccal swab and multitissue model, with limitations observed for the oldest and youngest individuals. Furthermore, we propose the use of a prediction interval with an error dispersion and correct prediction rate at ±5 years and ±10 years, respectively.","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77232473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Age-at-Death Estimation: Accuracy and Reliability of Common Age-Reporting Strategies in Forensic Anthropology 死亡年龄估计:法医人类学常用年龄报告策略的准确性和可靠性

IF 1.3 4区医学

Forensic Sciences Research Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.3390/forensicsci3010014

Christine Bailey, Giovanna M. Vidoli

{"title":"Age-at-Death Estimation: Accuracy and Reliability of Common Age-Reporting Strategies in Forensic Anthropology","authors":"Christine Bailey, Giovanna M. Vidoli","doi":"10.3390/forensicsci3010014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci3010014","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic anthropologists build a biological profile—consisting of sex, age, population affinity, and stature estimates—to assist medicolegal stakeholders in the identification of unknown human skeletal remains. While adult age-at-death estimations can narrow the pool of potential individuals, a lack of standards, best practices, and consensus among anthropologists for method selection and the production of a final age estimate present significant challenges. The purpose of this research is to identify age-reporting strategies that provide the most accurate and reliable (i.e., low inaccuracy and low bias) adult age-at-death estimates when evaluated considering the total sample, age cohort (20–39; 40–59; 60–79), and sex. Age-reporting strategies in this study were derived from six age-at-death estimation methods and tested on 58 adult individuals (31 males, 27 females) from the UTK Donated Skeletal Collection. An experienced-based estimation strategy was also assessed. A paired-samples t-test was used to determine whether there was a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between the mean estimated age and the actual age for all age-reporting strategies. Results show that the most accurate and reliable age-reporting strategy varied if the sample was evaluated as a whole, by age, or by sex. While none of the age-reporting strategies evaluated in this study were consistently the most accurate and reliable for all of the sample categories, the experience-based approach performed well for each group.","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84652901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Effects of Physiological Stress on the Accuracy of Age-at-Death Estimation in The Hamann–Todd Collection 生理应激对哈曼-托德收集的死亡年龄估计准确性的影响

IF 1.3 4区医学

Forensic Sciences Research Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.3390/forensicsci3010012

Allyson M. Simon, Colleen M. Cheverko, Melissa A. Clark, Tempest D. Mellendorf, M. Hubbe

{"title":"The Effects of Physiological Stress on the Accuracy of Age-at-Death Estimation in The Hamann–Todd Collection","authors":"Allyson M. Simon, Colleen M. Cheverko, Melissa A. Clark, Tempest D. Mellendorf, M. Hubbe","doi":"10.3390/forensicsci3010012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci3010012","url":null,"abstract":"Age-at-death estimation is influenced by biological and environmental factors. Physiological stress is intertwined with these factors, yet their impact on senescence and age estimation is unknown. Stature, linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH), and antemortem tooth loss (AMTL) in the Hamann–Todd Osteological Collection (n = 297) are used to understand whether physiological stress is related to age estimation inaccuracy using transition analysis (TA). Considering the low socioeconomic status of individuals in the collection, it was expected that many people experienced moderate to severe physiological stressors throughout their lives. Of the sample, 44.1% had at least one LEH, but analyses found no relationship between LEH incidence and TA error. There was no association between stature and TA error for males or females. However, females with at least one LEH had significantly shorter statures (t = 2.412, p = 0.009), but males did not exhibit the same pattern (t = 1.498, p = 0.068). Further, AMTL frequency and TA error were related (r = 0.276, p < 0.001). A partial correlation controlling for age-at-death yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.024 (p = 0.684), suggesting that this relationship is mostly explained by age-at-death. These data suggest that age estimation methods are not significantly affected by physiological stress in this sample, but further investigations are needed to understand how these variables relate to skeletal aging.","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76798050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Code of Ethics and Conduct for Forensic Specialists: A Framework from The Portuguese Association of Forensic Sciences 《法医专家道德和行为准则:葡萄牙法医科学协会框架》

IF 1.3 4区医学

Forensic Sciences Research Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.3390/forensicsci3010013

Áurea Madureira-Carvalho, N. Gomes, D. Dias-da-Silva, R. Azevedo, Luís Fernandes, R. Dinis-Oliveira, I. Caldas

{"title":"The Code of Ethics and Conduct for Forensic Specialists: A Framework from The Portuguese Association of Forensic Sciences","authors":"Áurea Madureira-Carvalho, N. Gomes, D. Dias-da-Silva, R. Azevedo, Luís Fernandes, R. Dinis-Oliveira, I. Caldas","doi":"10.3390/forensicsci3010013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci3010013","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic sciences aggregate a series of scientific and technological domains that aid the judiciary and judicial system. Despite the highly specialized and qualified professionals taking a role in forensic practice, this paradigmatic integration of law, science, and technology often leads them to face significant ethical challenges. Indeed, forensic sciences hold a unique position due to the social and legal implications inherent to forensic expertise. The potential interference with personal rights and freedoms requires the professional practice of the forensic specialist to be guided by alignment with scientific-technical competence under the seal of the highest ethical principles. However, the absence of a specific statutory regulation blurs the performance of the forensic professional and may harm the professional credibility but also the scientific domain as a whole. The existence of ethical pillars is essential to support professional practice, following international recommendations in this regard. Herein, we propose a framework for a code of ethics and conduct that is based on the professional particularities characterizing the forensic practice but also considers the ethical issues that are mandatory to ensure high levels of reliability and credibility of forensic specialists.","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75384505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Discrimination between falls and blows from the localization and the number of fractures on computed tomography scans of the skull and the trunk. 从颅骨和躯干计算机断层扫描的骨折位置和数量区分跌倒和打击。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Forensic Sciences Research Pub Date : 2023-03-09 eCollection Date: 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad006

Mélanie Henriques, Bérengère Saliba-Serre, Laurent Martrille, Alain Blum, Kathia Chaumoître, Paulo Donato, Nuno Campos, Eugénia Cunha, Pascal Adalian

{"title":"Discrimination between falls and blows from the localization and the number of fractures on computed tomography scans of the skull and the trunk.","authors":"Mélanie Henriques, Bérengère Saliba-Serre, Laurent Martrille, Alain Blum, Kathia Chaumoître, Paulo Donato, Nuno Campos, Eugénia Cunha, Pascal Adalian","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owad006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owad006","url":null,"abstract":"The distinction between falls and blows is a common and difficult task in forensic sciences. One of the most often used criteria to address this issue is the hat brim line (HBL) rule, which states that fall-related injuries do not lie above the HBL. Some studies, however, have found that the use of HBL rule is not so relevant. This study assesses the aetiologies, the number of fractures, and their location on the skull and the trunk in a sample of 400 individuals aged 20-49 years, which were CT scanned after traumas. This may facilitate the interpretation of such injuries in skeletonized or heavily decomposed bodies in which soft tissues are no longer available. Our aim is to improve the distinction rate between falls and blows by combining several criteria and assessing their predictability. Skeletal lesions were analysed using retrospective CT scans. Cases selected comprise 235 falls and 165 blows. We registered the presence and the number of fractures in 14 skeletal anatomical regions related to the two different aetiologies. We showed that the HBL rule should be used with caution, but there is nevertheless a possibility of discussing the aetiology of blunt fractures. Possibly, parameters like the anatomical location and the number of fractures by region can be used to distinguish falls and blows.","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"30-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1d/c3/owad006.PMC10265964.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9805767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring Adult Age-at-Death Research in Anthropology: Bibliometric Mapping and Content Analysis 人类学成人死亡年龄研究探索:文献计量测绘与内容分析

IF 1.3 4区医学

Forensic Sciences Research Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.3390/forensicsci3010011

V. Campanacho, Francisca Alves-Cardoso

{"title":"Exploring Adult Age-at-Death Research in Anthropology: Bibliometric Mapping and Content Analysis","authors":"V. Campanacho, Francisca Alves-Cardoso","doi":"10.3390/forensicsci3010011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci3010011","url":null,"abstract":"Although there are known limited skeletal traits that can be used to estimate age-at-death, an increasing body of literature is addressing this topic. This is particularly true in journals dedicated to forensic anthropology and past population studies. Research has focused mostly on methodological developments, aiming to update and validate age-at-death methods’ accuracy, with recurrent formulation, reformulation, testing, and re-testing of classical methodological approaches in multiple populational datasets and using novel statistical approaches. This paper explores aging research in adults published over the last century, aiming to portray major research agendas and highlight main institutions and co-authorship networks. A comprehensive dataset of bibliometric data from 1225 publications on age-at-death estimation, published between 1890 and October 2022, was used in the analysis. Major results showed that since the 1990s there has been continuous growth in aging research, predominantly by institutions in the United States. However, in the last 2 decades, research contributions from institutions with a wider geographical location were observed. Moreover, the research terms associated with aging are not limited to bone changes. Rather, dental-related changes are major contributors to aging research. Temporal trends suggested changes in research agendas related to terms and institutional co-authorships which may bring more inclusive and accurate-related method developments.","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82473604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is It Time to Revisit the Definition of Serial Homicide? New Evidence and Theory 是时候重新审视连环杀人案的定义了吗?新的证据和理论

IF 1.3 4区医学

Forensic Sciences Research Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.3390/forensicsci3010010

Francisca Dinis-Oliveira, Alves Cardoso, P. M. Barone, D. J. Williams

引用次数: 0

The Composite Method: A Novel, Continuum-Based Approach to Estimating Age from the Female Pubic Symphysis with Particular Relevance to Mature Adults 复合方法:一种新的、基于连续体的方法来估计女性耻骨联合的年龄，与成熟的成年人特别相关

IF 1.3 4区医学

Forensic Sciences Research Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.3390/forensicsci3010009

J. Truesdell

{"title":"The Composite Method: A Novel, Continuum-Based Approach to Estimating Age from the Female Pubic Symphysis with Particular Relevance to Mature Adults","authors":"J. Truesdell","doi":"10.3390/forensicsci3010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci3010009","url":null,"abstract":"While a myriad of effective techniques exist to aid in symphyseal age estimation for those 40 years and younger, few offer similar levels of efficacy for those beyond that threshold. Through the application of a novel technique, this study sought to determine whether a closer inspection of degenerative change may help to improve precision in age estimation for post-epiphyseal adults. Results show that the combination of five distinct areas of interest, plus a correction for density, accurately estimated age 87.75% of the time (averaged amongst four observers [spread: 72–100%]) for a subset of 50 living British females. An adjusted R2 value of 0.85, an RSME value of 5.62 years, and a PCC value of 0.92 also confirmed the trialed technique to be a good predictor of age for the entirety of the larger female sample (n = 533). Low inaccuracy (3.86 years) and Bias (0.69 years) further indicate that a continuum-based approach, without pre-set phases or ranges, such as was utilized by this research holds the potential to be at least as effective as the currently available methodologies but with the added advantage of allowing for increased variation at the individual level. Age estimation by linear regression, or by simple addition, yielded estimation envelopes (intervals) of 22–23 and 24 years, respectively, which remain narrow enough to be forensically useful while still wide enough to maximize accuracy in mature adults.","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77848040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Risk of occupational infection in forensic workers: a review. 法医工作人员职业感染风险分析综述。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Forensic Sciences Research Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad001

Laurène Dufayet, Jerome Langrand, Bertrand Ludes

{"title":"Risk of occupational infection in forensic workers: a review.","authors":"Laurène Dufayet, Jerome Langrand, Bertrand Ludes","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owad001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owad001","url":null,"abstract":"The occupational risk of infection in forensic workers is a cause for concern, furthermore in the current context of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. In order to characterize this risk, we performed an extended review of the literature on occupational infections occurring in forensic workers. Seventeen articles were included. Direct contamination by aerosolization was the main mode of transmission reported, with 17 cases of tuberculosis. Indirect contamination was described as the mode of transmission in 10 cases (five cases of blastomycosis, two cases of tuberculosis, two Streptococcus pyogenes, and one case of human immunodeficiency virus). In all the other included cases, the mode of transmission was unknown. For two of them, the information provided was sufficient to link them to occupational exposure (one case of toxoplasmosis, one case of tuberculosis). For the remaining 10 cases, the link was uncertain (six cases of tuberculosis, three of hepatitis B, and one of COVID-19). Even if there is probably significant under-declaration, the number of infections linked to an occupational risk in forensic workers is not alarming, thanks to effective preventive measures.","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10265965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10233517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A forensic case of hydranencephaly in a preterm neonate fully documented by postmortem imaging techniques. 法医病例无脑畸形在早产新生儿充分记录的死后成像技术。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Forensic Sciences Research Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad002

Coraline Egger, Fabrice Dédouit, Bettina Schrag, Sylviane Hanquinet, Tony Fracasso

{"title":"A forensic case of hydranencephaly in a preterm neonate fully documented by postmortem imaging techniques.","authors":"Coraline Egger, Fabrice Dédouit, Bettina Schrag, Sylviane Hanquinet, Tony Fracasso","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owad002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owad002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The authors present a medico-legal autopsy case of hydranencephaly in a male preterm newborn, fully documented by postmortem unenhanced and enhanced imaging techniques (postmortem computed tomography and postmortem magnetic resonance imaging). Hydranencephaly is a congenital anomaly of the central nervous system, consisting in almost complete absence of the cerebral hemispheres and replacement of the cerebral parenchyma by cerebrospinal fluid, rarely encountered in forensic medical practice. A premature baby was born during the supposed 22nd and 24th week of pregnancy in the context of a denial of pregnancy without any follow-up. The newborn died a few hours after birth and medico-legal investigations were requested to determine the cause of death and exclude the intervention of a third person in the lethal process. The external examination revealed neither traumatic nor malformative lesions. Postmortem imaging investigations were typical of hydranencephaly, and conventional medico-legal autopsy, neuropathological examination, and histological examination confirmed a massive necrotic-haemorrhagic hydranencephaly. This case represents in itself an association of out-of-the-ordinary elements making it worthy of interest. Key Points Postmortem unenhanced and enhanced imaging techniques (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) were performed as complementary examination to conventional medico-legal investigations. Postmortem angiography of a preterm newborn is possible with catheterization of the umbilical blood vessels. Hydranencephaly is a congenital anomaly of the central nervous system, consisting in almost complete absence of the cerebral hemispheres and replacement of the brain by cerebrospinal fluid, for which several aetiologies have been postulated.","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"79-83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10265957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9861672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0